Sairam Sriraman, David Wuttke, Volodymyr Babich
et al.
Blockchain technology holds promise for improving access to financing within supply chains, especially for small and under-financed suppliers. Yet, the specific ways in which blockchain technology mitigates financing frictions and the features that contribute to successful platform implementations remain unclear. Following a theory elaboration approach, we close that gap by studying which financing frictions the blockchain-enabled supply chain financing (BCF) solutions aim to address, which blockchain features they use, and the association between the frictions and features. In our analysis, we examine 312 documents with unstructured text describing 11 BCF solutions, both successful and failed. Using AI-based large language models, we identify patterns connecting seven types of financing frictions and three key blockchain features. We find that the transactional friction is the most prominent, despite receiving limited attention in the academic literature, while bankruptcy costs and taxes—frictions that are commonly discussed in the literature—are rarely associated with blockchain features in our sample. Among blockchain features, tokenization is used sparingly; and, unlike other features, it appears in successful BCF solutions only. Moreover, connections between frictions and features are not random: while transactional and hidden actions frictions are linked to all three blockchain features, other frictions are typically associated with only one. Our findings offer a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which blockchain adds value in supply chain finance, suggesting that aligning blockchain features with specific frictions may enhance the chances of success. We also demonstrate a method for using AI to evaluate large amounts of unstructured data in operations management research.
In software markets, the sheer number of available applications makes it rather challenging for any given new one to stand out and be noticed by consumers. Moreover, a push towards privacy by regulators and consumers is making it harder to target consumers. As such, firms have to rely on more non-targeted go-to-market strategies. We explore two popular strategies through which developers can catalyze adoption by helping consumers directly or indirectly learn the value of their products— seeding (free full-feature product giveaways to a subset of the consumer base) and time-limited freemium ( TLF ). Seeding, as a business strategy, existed for a long time. On the other hand, the feasibility to offer market-wide TLF became mainstream more recently, with the advent of the Internet and a plethora of digital tools. Thus, a natural question emerges—if TLF represents nowadays a feasible and easily implementable strategy for software applications, has seeding approach been rendered irrelevant in these markets? In this study, we provide managerial recommendations on when each of these strategies with a free full-feature-consumption component is optimal, based on social and self-learning dynamics, consumer priors, adoption costs, and individual product value depreciation. To that end, under a multi-period parsimonious unifying framework, we show that S becomes dominated as free trials enter the picture. We identify two specific market factors that, when present, can induce seeding to be optimal when consumers initially underestimate true product value—(i) user adoption costs and/or (ii) individual depreciation of value by usage. Moreover, we show that these two factors have a moderating effect on the impact of word-of-mouth (WOM) effects on the optimality of seeding. In the absence of these factors, stronger WOM effects alone cannot give seeding an edge against the other business strategies. However, once either depreciation or adoption costs are accounted for, strong WOM effects increase the relevance of seeding (enlarging its optimality region in the parameter space). Our results remain qualitatively consistent under a battery of robustness checks.
ZHAO Yingping, LIANG Jinming, CHEN Beizhang, DENG Xiaoling, ZHANG Yi, XIONG Zheng, PAN Ming, MENG Xiangbao
[Significance] With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLM) and multi-agent systems, their integration, multi-agent large language models, is emerging as a transformative force in modern agriculture. Agricultural production involves complex, sequential, and highly environment-dependent processes, including tillage, planting, management, and harvesting. Traditional intelligent systems often struggle with the diversity, uncertainty, and coordination of these stages' demand. Multi-agent LLMs offer a new paradigm for agricultural intelligence by combining deep semantic understanding with distributed collaboration and adaptive coordination. Through role specialization, real-time perception, and cooperative decision-making, they can decompose complex workflows, adapt to changing conditions, and enable robust, full-process automation, making them well-suited to the challenges of modern agriculture. More importantly, their application marks a critical step toward the digital transformation, precision management, and sustainable development of agriculture. By enabling intelligent decision-making across the entire agricultural lifecycle, they provide both theoretical foundations and practical tools for building next-generation smart and unmanned farming systems. [Progress] The core concepts of multi-agent LLMs are first elucidated, covering the composition and characteristics of multi-agent systems as well as the development and training pipelines of LLMs. Then, the overall architecture of multi-agent systems is presented, encompassing both the environments in which agents operate and their internal structures. The collaborative patterns of multi-agent LLMs are then examined in terms of coordination structures and temporal organization. Following this, interaction mechanisms are discussed from multiple dimensions, including interactions between agents and the external environment, inter-agent communication, communication protocol frameworks, and communication security. To demonstrate the varying task specializations of different multi-agent frameworks, a comparative benchmark survey table is provided by synthesizing benchmark tasks and results reported in existing studies. The results show that different multi-agent large language model architectures tend to perform better on specific types of tasks, reflecting the influence of agent framework design characteristics such as role assignment strategies, communication protocols, and decision-making mechanisms. Furthermore, several representative architectures of multi-agent LLMs, as proposed in existing studies, are briefly reviewed. Based on their design features, their potential applicability to agricultural scenarios is discussed. Finally, current research progress and practical applications of LLMs, multimodal large models, and multi-agent LLMs in the agricultural domain are surveyed. The application architecture of agricultural LLMs is summarized, using rice cultivation as a representative scenario to illustrate the collaborative process of a multi-agent system powered by LLMs. This process involves data acquisition agents, data processing agents, task allocation and coordination agents, task execution agents, and feedback and optimization agents. The roles and functions of each kind of agent in enabling automated and intelligent operations throughout the entire agricultural lifecycle, including tillage, planting, management, and harvesting, are comprehensively described. In addition, drawing on existing research on multimodal data processing, the pseudocode is provided to illustrate the basic logic of the data processing agents. [Conclusions and Prospects] Multi-agent LLMs technology holds vast promise in agriculture but still confronts several challenges. First, limited model interpretability, stemming from opaque internal reasoning and high-dimensional parameter mappings, hinders decision transparency, traceability, user trust, and debugging efficiency. Second, model hallucination is significant, probabilistic generation may deviate from facts, leading to erroneous environmental perception and decisions that cause resource waste or crop damage. Third, multi-modal agricultural data acquisition and processing remain complex due to non-uniform equipment standards, heterogeneous data, and insufficient cross-modal reasoning, complicating data fusion and decision-making. Future directions include: (1) enhancing interpretability via chain-of-thought techniques to improve reasoning transparency and traceability; (2) reducing hallucinations by integrating knowledge bases, retrieval-augmented generation, and verification mechanisms to bolster decision reliability; and (3) standardizing data formats to strengthen cross-modal fusion and reasoning. These measures will improve system stability and efficiency, providing solid support for the advancement of smart agriculture.
Supply chain resilience is a critical determinant of success in the automotive industry, particularly in emerging markets like Morocco. This research employs a comprehensive approach to identify and prioritize external logistical risks threatening automotive supply chains in Morocco. Through interviews with logistics specialists of multinational automotive companies, we utilized the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to assess the weights of evaluation factors and rank the identified risks, respectively. Our findings reveal that catastrophic events in the factory, extreme weather conditions, and workers’ strikes/labor union issues are the top three risks posing the greatest threat to supply chains in Morocco. Additionally, challenges such as agitated political situations, high maintenance costs, and infrastructure limitations demand attention to enhance supply chain resilience. This research contributes to the understanding of supply chain risk management in emerging markets and offers practical insights for industry practitioners and policymakers aiming to fortify automotive supply chains in Morocco and similar contexts.
This study aims to evaluate the current level of servitisation in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) markets in the fashion sector and identify various internal and external obstacles that may hinder fashion organisations in the GCC region from fully adopting the servitisation strategy. An exploratory methodology was employed, using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews on a purposive sample. The study reveals that the implementation of the servitisation strategy in GCC is in its initial stages. While evidence of the dimensions underlying such a strategy was found, they were not employed and linked as suggested in the literature to generate the required results. Additionally, non-transparent and limited relationships with partners and unskilled employees were identified as the main barriers preventing fashion agents from fully embracing servitisation in the GCC fashion sector. This study uniquely explores servitisation in the GCC fashion sector, filling a significant gap in existing research that has largely overlooked this region and industry. Unlike previous works that broadly address servitisation in manufacturing, this paper delves into the specific challenges and adoption levels within the GCC’s culturally and economically distinct context. By offering nuanced insights from senior managers in leading fashion organisations, it provides valuable empirical evidence and practical implications for both academia and industry, marking a notable contribution to the literature on servitisation strategies in emerging markets.
Asoo J Vakharia, Arda Yenipazarli, Vashkar Ghosh
et al.
Educational services contribute $315.65 billion to the U.S. GDP, with online education representing the fastest-growing segment. This paper examines how operational and market factors influence universities’ decisions to introduce online degree programs. We study the strategic introduction of such programs in a vertically differentiated market, where universities differ in online program rankings (quality) and compete for a diverse student population with varying willingness to pay for perceived quality. Our analysis focuses on a simultaneous market entry scenario, yielding robust insights that also hold under alternative settings—such as when universities are equally ranked or differ in their variable costs of technology. We also examine two additional contexts: (1) A mixed competition setting in which one university operates independently while the other is guided by a social planner, and (2) an incumbent—entrant setting in which a university considers launching an online program when its competitor has already entered the market. Our findings reveal that symmetric market entry—where both universities introduce online programs—is more likely when technology integration costs exceed a certain threshold and student valuation heterogeneity is significant. In contrast, when these costs fall below the threshold, asymmetric equilibria arise in which only one university introduces an online program. When a social planner regulates tuition at the lower-ranked university, it faces tighter constraints on entering the market. However, when the higher-ranked university is subject to tuition regulation, broader market coverage and improved social welfare outcomes are achieved. Additionally, lower-ranked universities can strategically enter by targeting lower-end segments through moderate technology investments and competitive pricing. Yet, the entry of a higher-ranked rival can exert downward pressure on tuition fees for both institutions, promoting a more accessible educational environment. These insights offer strategic guidance for universities navigating quality-based competition and provide policy implications for balancing competitive dynamics with educational equity through regulatory interventions.
Nearly abandoned heavy oil reservoirs present significant challenges for effective reserve utilization using conventional development methods. In-situ combustion technology emerges as a promising solution to enhance recovery from such reservoirs, although its widespread adoption is hindered by high investment costs and economic inefficiencies. This study employs a break-even model and sensitivity analysis within a volume-cost-benefit framework to explore the equilibrium between oil production costs and revenues under varying oil price scenarios from a multidimensional operational perspective. This approach clarifies the critical economic indices of fire-flooding operations and aims to optimize production operations and decision-making effectiveness. The findings reveal significant gaps in pre- and post-operation understanding of the reservoir, where inputs often surpass outputs, coupled with a lack of clear control strategies. These factors contribute to the low cost-effectiveness of in-situ combustion and insufficient grasp of sustained development and operational risks, ultimately impacting investment decisions in reservoir development. The study not only directs improvements in operational efficiency for in-situ combustion but also offers technical support and introduces new management strategies for the effective development of nearly abandoned heavy oil reservoirs.
Petroleum refining. Petroleum products, Gas industry
Nimmy Pullare, Obalalu Adebowale Martins, Nagaraja Kallur Venkat
et al.
As industries rely more and more on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) systems for different uses in power, production, and management of the environment, it becomes essential to optimize these operations. The study seeks to improve the effectiveness and productivity of cooling structures, chemical reaction reactors, and contaminant control methods by investigating these intricate interconnections. Because of this, the work scrutinizes the endothermic/exothermic (EN/EX) chemical processes, convective boundary conditions, and pollutant concentration impacts on MHD nanofluid circulation around a rotating sphere. The governing equations based on the above assumptions are reduced into a system of ordinary differential equations and solved numerically with Runge–Kutta Fehlberg’s fourth- and fifth- order schemes. The obtained numerical outcomes from the numerical scheme are presented with the aid of graphs, and the results show that the rate of mass transfer decreases with an increase in the external pollutant local source and solid volume percentage. For changes in the values of the activation energy parameter and solid fraction, the rate of thermal dispersion drops for the EN case and upsurges for the EX case. The concentration profile shows increment with the addition of the external pollutant source variation parameter and local pollutant external source parameter. The outcomes of the present work can be helpful in cooling equipment, developing advanced methods for controlling pollution, environmental management, MHD generators, and various industrial contexts.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
Nik Danial Asyraf Nik Mustaffa, Chai Min Hian, Yazan Al-Rashdan
et al.
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) presents a significant challenge to the dairy goat industry worldwide, negatively affecting animal health, productivity, and economic sustainability. It is a disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and its symptoms include the development of abscesses in lymph nodes and other organs. Generally, animals affected by CLA experience reduced milk output, reproductive problems, and higher morbidity and death rates. Furthermore, CLA could harm the well-being of animals by causing pain, discomfort, and disruption of normal behaviours. This review aims to determine the prevalence of CLA cases affecting dairy goats, map the geographical distribution of the disease in dairy goat herds throughout different locations, determine hotspots of CLA incidence and comprehend regional differences. Additionally, the study included relevant information on CLA prevalence in Asia. This comprehensive review is expected to help develop educational strategies for CLA prevention and control among dairy goat farmers. Moreover, an assessment of the economic impact of CLA in dairy goat operations on a global scale was performed. The losses associated with CLA are reduced milk production, lower meat yield, and increased veterinary costs. Besides, the variability of clinical presentation and the limits of conventional diagnostic methods make diagnosing CLA in dairy goats difficult. However, new developments in diagnostics, such as serological testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, present chances for early detection and targeted control strategies. Examples of management strategies for CLA in dairy goat herds include vaccination, strict biosecurity protocols, and targeted treatment of infected animals. To surmise, the dairy goat industry can strive to mitigate the effects of CLA and maintain the well-being of dairy goat populations by tackling these challenges and executing comprehensive management strategies.
Mojikon Melvin Manuel, Chia Kuang Lee, Marián Bujna
et al.
The agriculture sector contributes vastly to a nation’s economy, including Malaysia. Nevertheless, limited research has looked on the contractual issues in agriculture process. The purpose of this study was to explore the contractual issues in the agriculture process and determine the relationship between both variables. The respondents involved seven experts from the agriculture sector in Sabah, Malaysia and a survey questionnaire were used to gather the data. Subsequently, the DEMATEL method was used to create the causal and effect diagram between the contractual issues. The results showed that Delayed Delivery Issues (Issue A) is the most crucial contract issue in agriculture and must be addressed. Furthermore, the most crucial relationship existed between Crucial Contract Issues (Issue A) and Contract Duration (Issue E). These issues should be studied further to improve the agriculture sector.
Production management. Operations management, Business
Charles J. Corbett, Alfonso J. Pedraza‐Martinez, Luk N. Van Wassenhove
The immediate response to disasters, while well intended, sometimes causes avoidable humanitarian challenges later on. Drinking water may be essential, but it is not necessary to provide it in small plastic bottles. Injections may save lives, but inappropriately discarded syringes are hazardous. Can humanitarian relief be made more sustainable? This paper summarizes a 1‐day workshop on this topic, held at INSEAD in 2019 in connection with Luk Van Wassenhove's transition to emeritus professor. This workshop involved over 100 academics and practitioners. Five areas were discussed in detail: material convergence, coordination between humanitarian organizations (HOs), logistics, partnerships with industry, and health. The discussions demonstrate the possibility of better integrating sustainability with humanitarian operations despite the inherent tension between the immediate need to save lives and the longer term perspective associated with sustainability. This requires that various stakeholders, including HOs, donors, and watchdog organizations, think differently about the balance between short‐term and long‐term interventions, the metrics and incentives they apply, and the role of local versus global organizations. Leading practitioners and scholars in humanitarian operations are well aware of these challenges and opportunities in each domain separately; this paper aims to introduce these issues to a broader audience in a single more integrated overview, based on the themes that were discussed at the workshop.
We consider a firm consisting of two divisions, one responsible for designing and manufacturing new products and the other responsible for remanufacturing operations. The firm will sell these new and remanufactured products either directly to the consumer (direct selling) or through an independent retailer (indirect selling). Our study demonstrates that a firm’s organizational structure can affect its marketing decisions. Specifically, a decentralized firm with separate manufacturing and remanufacturing divisions can benefit from indirect selling with higher firm profit, supply chain profit, and total consumer demand than direct selling. Moreover, this structure also induces a remanufacturable product design. In contrast, a centralized firm in which the manufacturing and remanufacturing divisions are consolidated is intuitively better off by choosing direct selling than indirect selling. Furthermore, we show that, surprisingly, when the focal firm sells through an independent retailer, a decentralized internal structure can result in higher supply chain profit than a centralized internal structure. We further investigate the case of dual dedicated channels and conclude that, while direct selling of remanufactured products and indirect selling of new products can better induce a remanufacturable product design and higher supply chain profit, it is not in the best interest of the firm in terms of total sales and firm profit.
We propose and analyze a novel framework to understand the role of noninstrumental information sharing in service operations management, that is, information shared by the firm not to affect consumers' actions, but to better manage their experience in the firm's process. The operations of the firm are organized as a process , consisting of a sequence of tasks, each of random duration. The firm shares real‐time information with the consumer about the progress of their flow unit in the firm's process via a process tracker . The consumer is delay‐sensitive and experiences gain–loss utility (loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity) over time due to changes in beliefs about anticipated delay, as he awaits completion of the process. We analyze when providing such real‐time progress information via process trackers help, or can possibly hurt a consumer. Our work draws upon the recent literature on belief‐based/news utility in Economics. We find that in the presence of loss aversion alone, not sharing progress information is beneficial. In the presence of loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity, if low delays are likely, then sharing information is beneficial; otherwise, not sharing information is preferred. Our findings inform a service firm's post‐sales transparency strategy.
Wan Zaiyana Mohd Yusof, Muhammad Azizi Bin Yahaya, Puteri Fadzline Muhamad Tamyez
Furniture manufacturing is a fast-expanding global industry that is inextricably related to demography, economic performance, and global trends affecting the global population. Innovation and value-adding have slowed, while growth has been fueled by incremental inputs rather than productivity gains. This study is to determine the effects of entrepreneurial psychological capital, entrepreneurial intellectual capital, and creative innovation behavior on company performance. Questionnaires were distributed to furniture companies. The analysis was conducted quantitatively, where the findings revealed that there is a positive significant impact on entrepreneurial psychological capital, entrepreneurial intellectual capital, and creative innovation behavior. It contributes to understanding how entrepreneurial psychological capital, entrepreneurial intellectual capital, and creative innovation behavior could enhance their performance. This research presents insights into how the furniture sector can adapt to the dynamic business environment in terms of the pandemic and sustain its competitiveness.
Production management. Operations management, Business
When an innovator outsources the manufacturing of an innovative product to a contract manufacturer (CM) which is also a competitor in the end market, the potential innovation spillover may be a serious concern. We study an innovator’s outsourcing decision under spillover risks with an emphasis on the ex ante uncertain values of innovations, and distinguish between technical innovations which can only spill over through outsourcing and non‐technical innovations which can also spill over in the market. We find that in both cases an innovator may strategically outsource to a competitor‐CM, albeit for distinct motivations: for technical innovations, it is done so that the competitor‐CM would yield market leadership to the innovator; and for non‐technical innovations, it is done so that the competitor‐CM would face innovation uncertainties alongside the innovator.
Given the promise of three‐dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, some innovative consumer goods companies have started to experiment with such a technology for on‐demand production. In this study, we consider two adoption cases of 3D printing in a dual‐channel (i.e., online and in‐store) retail setting, and evaluate its impact on a firm’s product offering, pricing, and inventory decisions. Our analysis uncovers the following effects of 3D printing. First, 3D printing at the factory has the substitution effect of technological innovation for online demands, as 3D printing replaces the traditional mode of production. Such technology substitution not only leads to increased product variety offered online, which allows the firm to charge a price premium for online customers, but also induces the firm to offer a smaller product variety and a reduced price in‐store. There is an additional environmental benefit when more customers are steered from the in‐store channel to the online channel. Second, when 3D printing is used in‐store as well, in addition to the substitution effect, the firm also achieves a structural effect due to the fundamental change in the supply chain structure. Since the in‐store demand is served in a build‐to‐order fashion, the firm achieves postponement benefits in inventory management. The environmental benefit is the most significant in this case. Moreover, using 3D printing in‐store will require a new supplier–retailer relationship. We find that cost‐sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chains where 3D printing is used in‐store and the supplier controls the raw material inventory.
farzad ezadi kah keshi, Mohammad Imami Korndeh, Amir Hossein Moghaddas
Abstract
Green commitment and environmental performance is the result of feeling the concerns of people in the organization regarding environmental issues. Of course, there is no consensus in the academic literature regarding the definition of commitment regarding environmental issues, and even above this, perhaps there is no correct understanding of the commitment arising from individuals and organizations. The main goal of the current research is to model the structural equations of the impact of senior management's green commitment on environmental performance with the mediating role of green human resource management (a case study of Shahrekord manufacturing companies). The current research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. In this research, the questionnaire of Daly et al. (2007) was used to measure the variable of green commitment of senior management, the questionnaire of Jabour (2011) was used to measure the variable of green human resources, and the questionnaire of Kim et al. (2016) was used to measure the environmental performance. The statistical population of this research is 168 managers of manufacturing companies in Shahrekord, 117 of them were selected as a sample using Morgan's table, and the questionnaire was distributed among them by simple random sampling. SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results show that the green commitment of senior management has a significant positive effect on the company's environmental performance. Also, the senior management's green commitment has a significant positive effect on the company's green human resources management. But green human resource management does not have a positive effect on environmental performance.
Extended AbstractIntroduction
The environment and its protection is a topic that has been of interest since the beginning of human social life (moradiDehkordi & Barrani, 2022). Almost every industry includes environmental protection measures. Most manufacturing companies improve their performance with the aim of eliminating the waste created in the production and disposal of products (Kim et al, 2019). Green efforts of an industry include reducing waste, saving energy and water in its operations, and educating customers and employees. Most previous researches have examined the environmental management practices of companies (for example, energy saving and water conservation) (Molina-Azorín et al, 2015).
It is widely recognized that support for environmental issues by the top management team leads to a positive perception of green practices among employees, which in turn leads to sustainable environmental performance. Due to the influence of senior managers' position in the corporate hierarchy, the senior management team is probably one of the organization's most valuable resources, as are the possible consequences of their commitment to specific goals (Michalisin et al, 2004).
Due to the global consumer awareness, manufacturing organizations have started to integrate green strategies in their design, construction, and daily operations. In Iran, recently, a trend toward green organization operations has begun. To improve environmental performance, they have not only started using green products, adopting waste reduction and management policies, and using water recycling, but also started human resource management (Ragas et al, 2017).
Theoretical literature
Environmental performance is the set of company operations that have been synchronized and compatible with the environment. Human resource management affects organizational performance by increasing productivity, controlling costs and creating value. There is a significant relationship between a company's human resource management system and its organizational performance (Turki et al, 2022).
Green human resource management methods, including training, empowering and rewarding employees' environmental behaviors, can have a positive effect on employees' environmental commitment. For success in green human resource management policies, the role of individual values of employees is important )Obeidat et al. 2020).
In a study, Singh et al (2022) investigated the effect of green innovation on organizational performance through the mediation of green transformation leadership and green human resource management. The findings showed that the actions of green human resources management have a positive and significant effect on the green innovation leadership and then on the environmental performance of organizations.
Yu et al (2020), conducted a research entitled "Green human resource management and environmental cooperation: Capability-Motivation-Opportunity and Contingency Perspective". The results show that green human resource management is positively and significantly related to environmental cooperation with customers and suppliers, and these relationships are significantly moderated by internal green supply chain management.
Methodology
Due to its descriptive nature and according to the defined purpose, the present research is of an applicable type and is based on the method of conducting a survey. The statistical population of this research is 168 managers of manufacturing companies in Shahrekord, 117 of them were selected as a sample using Morgan's table, and the questionnaire was distributed among them by simple random sampling. In order to collect data related to the green commitment variable of senior management from the questionnaire of Daily et al. (2007), the green human resources variable from the Jabbour (2011) questionnaire, and the environmental performance variable from the Kim et al. (2019) questionnaire have been used.
Discussion and Results
In order to check the research hypothesis and analyze the data, structural equation technique was used using PLS statistical software and Spss statistical software. The results showed that the effect coefficient of senior management's green commitment on the company's environmental performance is positive and is equal to 0.463, which means that the green commitment of senior management has a positive effect on the company's environmental performance. The coefficient of influence of senior management's green commitment on hiring and green selection of the company is positive and is equal to 0.582, as a result, the green commitment of senior management has a positive effect on hiring and green selection of the company. The coefficient of influence of senior management's green commitment on the company's green training and development is positive and equal to 0.653, which means that the senior management's green commitment has a positive effect on the company's green training and development. The coefficient of influence of senior management's green commitment on the management and evaluation of the company's green performance is positive and is equal to 0.630, as a result, the green commitment of the senior management has a positive effect on the management and evaluation of the company's green performance. The coefficient of influence of senior management's green commitment on green reward and company reward is positive and equal to 0.614, which means that green commitment of senior management has a positive effect on green reward and company reward. The value of the significance level for the effect of hiring and choosing green on the company's environmental performance, which is greater than 0.05, can be said that hiring and choosing green does not have a significant effect on the company's environmental performance. The value of the significance level for the effect of green training and development on the company's environmental performance, which is greater than 0.05, can be said that green training and development does not have a significant effect on the company's environmental performance. The coefficient of influence of management and evaluation of green performance on the environmental performance of the company is positive and equal to 0.185, as a result, the management and evaluation of green performance has a positive effect on the environmental performance of the company. The value of the significance level for the effect of green rewards and rewards on the company's environmental performance, which is less than 0.05, can be said that green rewards and rewards have a significant impact on the company's environmental performance.
Conclusion
The current research was conducted with the aim of modeling the structural equations of the mediating role of green human resources management in the relationship between the green commitment of senior management and environmental performance (case study: Shahrekord manufacturing companies). The findings of this hypothesis are consistent with the findings of Haldorai et al, (2022), Yusliza et al, (2019); at the company level, the top management of the organization can show its commitment to the environment by including it in the mission and turning it into a goal and show business priority, so show full support for environmental sustainability. Senior management and ownership groups can prioritize environmental issues when developing operational strategies and practices. They can create a clear written policy which declares their commitment to provide the leadership and resources necessary to maintain the environmental standards required in the organization's company. Their commitment to the environment should be communicated not only to employees within the company but also to suppliers, contractors and subcontractors and their customers. Senior management can link their commitment to the organization's environmental performance to the implementation of environmental plans introduced by the organization. They should play an important role in increasing the active participation of a company in the organization's environmental performance measures. Senior managers should know that the implementation of the environmental performance of the organization is only successful that it be necessary to create a commitment from senior management, because this commitment is one of the strategies to achieve environmental performance. To ensure effective environmental performance, top management can allocate more funds to training key personnel involved in the organization's environmental performance.
Therefore, according to the results of the research, it is suggested that companies may conduct training related to the environment to empower employees to achieve environmental goals. Companies should conduct environmental audits to assess whether supplier practices are consistent with the companies' environmental goals. Companies are suggested to form an independent board to monitor the daily environmental activities of employees and provide feedback related to the environment from their customers, managers and supervisors. Companies are suggested to maintain close relationships with their customers by communicating regularly about their green products/services and asking for feedback on the company's environmental strategies and goals.
Roeskani Sinaga, Manuntun Paruliah Hutagaol, Sri Hartoyo
et al.
The quantity and quality of food consumed by the community are determined by the price level and household income. Household food expenditure share is still dominated by rice commodities. The aims of this study are 1) to analyze the level of household expenditure on food in Java and (2) to analyze the expenditure elasticity and price elasticity of household food demand in Java. The data used was March 2015, 2016, and 2017 SUSENAS data. Household consumption data was estimated using the AIDS Model. The results showed that household food expenditure share for medium and low-income groups (Q3 and Q4) for urban and rural areas was more than 50 percent. This shows that the household is food insecure. The own-price elasticity for all commodities is negative and inelastic. Changes in food prices do not significantly affect changes in demand for food commodities because their elasticity is inelastic. Household food demand is more influenced by food prices than household income for food commodities except for rice commodities. Rice has elastic expenditure elasticity (means that food demand is very responsive to changes in household expenditure/income. The relationship between each commodity is almost entirely negative (complementary).
Production management. Operations management, Management. Industrial management
Energy sources and commodities exhibit high price risk. This risk is thus an important feature of operational models of the value chains for these goods. These models typically employ Gaussian‐based representations of the evolution of this uncertainty. This approach facilitates the optimization of operational policies but is at odds with empirical facts about energy and commodity prices, which are better captured by non‐Gaussian processes. We discuss this alternative modeling strategy, focusing on Lévy processes. As an illustration, we show that it substantially increases the optimal policy value in a simplified merchant natural gas storage setting. Further, we highlight potential implications of using this approach to formulate realistic energy and commodity operations models. Our work has broader relevance for modeling the dynamics of both other market variables and operational quantities, such as exchange rates and demand forecasts. The study of how the adoption of non‐Gaussian processes may impact energy and commodity operations is an appealing area for future research.
Nur Fazlinna Ab Ghani, Azizan Ramli, Kharul Anwar Johari
et al.
Since technical education involves equipment and workshop/laboratory activities, safety and health risks due to hazardous situations have become the primary issue and require immediate mitigation measures. The main issue that needs immediate attention here is that most ADTEC (Advanced Technology Training Center) staff lack expertise in workplace risk assessment techniques. Some of them are also unaware of these life-threatening safety and health risks. They are unable to anticipate the long-term impact of their everyday activities on their safety and health. Thus, knowledge of hazard identification and prevention strategies is essential for them to improve their workplace environment. This program has been executed in four stages, which are off-the-job training, walkabout and hands-on activity, oral presentation, and followed by an individual assessment. As for an individual assessment, all participants need to sit the written test and an oral interview. The purpose of an individual assessment is to gauge participant understanding and the effectiveness of the program. The program has been conducted successfully whereby all the 32 participants have undergone the training and passed the assessment (written test and interview). All participants gave very encouraging feedback and believed this program would equip them with knowledge on conducting the risk assessment for all activities in their organization. The authors strongly believe that this initiative and program will ultimately assist ADTEC in reducing the probability of accident occurrence in their organization.
Production management. Operations management, Business