Wahyu Nur Fadillah, Yulita Molliq Rangkuti, Ichwanul Muslim Karo Karo
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute febrile illness caused by a virus through the Aedes mosquito. North Sumatra is among the three provinces with the highest incidence and mortality rates in Indonesia. Mapping of DHF cases is very important in efforts to control and prevent the disease. The Partitioning Around Medoid (PAM) algorithm is commonly used to cluster DHF cases. The idea of PAM is a clustering algorithm with a similarity-based approach to grouping objects in one cluster. There are two main focuses in the research: mapping regencies/cities based on dengue case information and analyzing the performance of several similarity functions. The dataset includes variables of incidence rate (IR), case fatality rate (CFR), larva-free rate (ABJ), and population, obtained from the North Sumatra Provincial Health Office and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis showed that three clusters were formed in North Sumatra Province. The first cluster includes regencies/cities such as Langkat, Deli Serdang, Karo, Simalungun, Dairi, Samosir, Humbahas, North Labuhan Batu, North Padang Lawas, South Labuhan Batu, Padang Sidempuan, Nias, South Nias, North Nias, and Sibolga. The second cluster consists of regencies/cities such as Medan, Binjai, Sedang Berdagai, Tebing Tinggi, Batubara, Asahan, Tanjung Balai, Labuhan Batu, Toba, North Tapanuli, Central Tapanuli, Gunungsitoli, and West Nias. The third cluster includes the regencies of South Tapanuli and Mandailing Natal. In addition, an evaluation was conducted using the Silhouette Index to measure the quality of the clustering. Based on the comparison using distance methods (Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, Minkowski distance, and Chebyshev distance), the highest Silhouette Index value was obtained using Chebyshev distance, which amounted to 0.527554. This value indicates reasonable cluster quality. Thus, this study contributes to the mapping of DHF cases in North Sumatra Province and can be the basis for decision-making in overcoming the disease.
Prakash Dnyanba Khandare, Suryakant M Jogdand, Rajesh A Muneshwar
Let \( R \) be a finite commutative ring with unity. We have introduced a divisor graph of the ring, denoted by \( D[R] \). It is an undirected simple graph with a vertex set \( V = R - \{0, 1\} \), and two distinct vertices \( u \) and \( v \) in \( V \) are adjacent if and only if there exists \( w \in R \) such that \( v = uw \) or \( u = vw \). Clearly, \( 0 \) and unit elements are adjacent to all elements of the ring. Thus, we adopt the idea of Anderson and Livingston and remove the zero and unit vertices from the vertex set. A new graph is called the modified divisor graph, noted by symbol \( D_0[R] \).In this study, we have focused on the structural properties of \( D_0[\mathbb{Z}_n] \). Moreover, we have determined the diameter, girth, clique number, vertex connectivity, and edge connectivity of \( D_0[\mathbb{Z}_n] \) for every natural number \( n \). The purpose of studying this graph is to find relationships between the ring theoretic properties of \( R \) and the graph theoretic properties of \( D_0[R] \).
The class of Hv-structures defined on a set is very big and admits a partial order. For this reason, it has a numerous of applications in mathematics and other sciences as physics, biology, linguistics, to mention but a few. Here, we focus on the Lie-Santilli’s admissible case, where the hyper-numbers, called Hv-numbers, are used. In order to verify all needed axioms for Lie-Santilli’s admissibility, as the irreversibility and uniqueness of living organisms and time, on the one side and small results on the other side, we use the verythin Hv-fields. Therefore, we take rings and we enlarge only one result by adding only one element in order to obtain an Hv-field. This means that, we use only the associativity on the product and we transfer this to the weak-associativity on the hyper-product. Thus, from a semigroup on the product, we construct an Hv-group on the hyper-product.
Mohammad Salem Oudat, Basel J. A. Ali, Sameh Abdelhay
et al.
Risk management has emerged as a critical element across several economic sectors, with particular significance in the banking industry. The governing bodies of these industries encounter a multitude of threats stemming from the escalation of an unpredictable economic environment, the intricacy of transactions and big data, and several other concealed factors. The primary aim of the present research is to investigate the impact of certain financial risks, including capital risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk, on the financial performance of both commercial and Islamic banks operating within the banking sector of the United Arab Emirates. The study will focus on the time frame spanning from 2015 to 2022. The data used in this study was sourced from the annual reports of banks, which were acquired from the official websites of the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and the Dubai stock market. The most prevalent indicators used to assess a bank's financial performance are Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). In contrast, the financial risk metrics included three distinct categories of risk: capital risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. The findings indicate that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between capital risk and both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). However, it was observed that neither liquidity risk nor operational risk had a statistically significant impact on either of the financial performance metrics. Moreover, the size of a bank has a notable and favorable impact on both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The ramifications of the study's conclusions have significant importance for regulators, bank management, and investors. IPolicymakers need to prioritize the enhancement of the regulatory framework pertaining to caboutements in order to the financial stability of banks. Bank managers should give priority to the management of capital risk and the size of the bank in order to their financial performance. In order to optimize profits, it is important for investors to carefully evaluate and take into account the many risk considerations associated with their investment selections.JEL:G20, G21
In statistics, the correlation coefficient concept aims to show how strong the linear relationship between two variables is. Sometimes the data collected relates to everyday life problems whose value is uncertain. Therefore, the concept of correlation coefficient must be developed on the fuzzy sets and the fuzzy soft sets environment. In this study, a decision-making algorithm was designed on fuzzy soft sets using the concept of the correlation coefficient. The method used is MAGDM, where the parameter weights are determined using entropy measures. Using this method, the algorithm of our decision-making problem is more realistic and general. The final section gives an example of a decision-making problem and a numerical illustration using the designed algorithm.
This paper addresses the practical problem of scheduling operating room (OR) elective surgeries to minimize the likelihood of surgical delays caused by the unavailability of capacity for patient recovery in a central post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). We segregate patients according to their patterns of flow through a multi-stage perioperative system and use characteristics of surgery type and surgeon booking times to predict time intervals for patient procedures and subsequent recoveries. Working with a hospital in which 50+ procedures are performed in 15+ ORs most weekdays, we develop a constraint programming (CP) model that takes the hospital’s elective surgery pre-schedule as input and produces a recommended alternate schedule designed to minimize the expected peak number of patients in the PACU over the course of the day. Our model was developed from the hospital’s data and evaluated through its application to daily schedules during a testing period. Schedules generated by our model indicated the potential to reduce the peak PACU load substantially, 20-30% during most days in our study period, or alternatively reduce average patient flow time by up to 15% given the same PACU peak load. We also developed tools for schedule visualization that can be used to aid management both before and after surgery day; plan PACU resources; propose critical schedule changes; identify the timing, location, and root causes of delay; and to discern the differences in surgical specialty case mixes and their potential impacts on the system. This work is especially timely given high surgical wait times in Ontario which even got worse due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Let be a geodetic cototal domination set of . A subset is called a forcing subset for if is the unique minimum geodetic cototal domination set containing . The minimum cardinality T is the forcing geodetic cototal domination number of S is denotedby , is the cardinality of a minimum forcing subset of S. The forcing geodetic cototal domination number of ,denoted by , is , where the minimum is takenover all -sets in . Some general properties satisfied by this concept arestudied. It is shown that for every pair of integers with ,there exists a connected graph such that and . where isthe geodetic cototal dominating number of .
Chinwendu E. Madubueze, Z. Chazuka, I. O. Onwubuya
et al.
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease affecting almost every region of the world, with its endemicity mainly experience in sub-Saharan Africa. It remains difficult to eradicate due to heterogeneity associated with its transmission mode. A mathematical model of Schistosomiasis integrating heterogeneous host transmission pathways is thus formulated and analyzed to investigate the impact of the disease in the human population. Mathematical analyses are presented, including establishing the existence and uniqueness of solutions, computation of the model equilibria, and the basic reproduction number (R0). Stability analyses of the model equilibrium states show that disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever R0 < 1 and R0>1, respectively. Additionally, bifurcation analysis is carried out to establish the existence of a forward bifurcation around R0 = 1. Using Latin-hypercube sampling, global sensitivity analysis was performed to examine and investigate the most significant model parameters in R0 which drives the infection. The sensitivity analysis result indicates that the snail's natural death rate, cercariae, and miracidia decay rates are the most influential parameters. Furthermore, numerical simulations of the model were done to show time series plots, phase portraits, and 3-D representations of the model and also to visualize the impact of the most sensitive parameters on the disease dynamics. Our numerical findings suggest that reducing the snail population will directly reduce Schistosomiasis transmission within the human population and thus lead to its eradication.
Samuel Olorunfemi Adams, Davies Abiodun Obaromi, Rauf Ibrahim Rauf
Introduction: The need to model the impact of some demographic indicators on the frequency of household visits to healthcare centres in Nigeria's community is very important for preventing and spreading community diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the patents' age, gender, marital status, type of illness and amount spent on the frequency of visits to community health care centres in Nigeria and to compared Negative Binomial Regression (NBR) and Generalized Poisson Regression GPR) models to determine the preferred count regression model for the number of household visits to health centres in some communities in Nigeria.
Methods: Survey of 132640 households in some Nigeria communities obtained from the 2018/2019 Nigeria Living Standard Survey (NLSS) were extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in collaboration with the World Bank. The Negative Binomial and Generalised Poisson regression models were used to investigate the five demographic variables on the frequency of visit to the community health centres. The performance of the count regression model was assessed using the Chi-square -2log Likelihood Statistic (2logL), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion BIC) selection criteria.
Results: Findings from the study showed that the type of illness and amount spent has a significantly positive effect on the number of household members' visits to the community health care centres in Nigeria while age, gender, and marital status was discovered to have a negative effect on the number of household members' visits to the community health care centres in Nigeria.
Conclusion: The Nigeria Government, health centre management and community healthcare service providers' need to be aware that the amount spent and the nature of illness determines the level of health care services utilisation in the Nigeria community, hence the need for the drastic reduction in charges to encourage a household visit to the community health centres whenever the need arises.
Solving applied social, economic, psychological, health care and public health problems can require an understanding of facts or phenomena related to populations of interest. Therefore, it can be useful to test whether an explanation of a phenomenon holds in a population. However, different definitions for the phrase “explain in a population” lead to different interpretations and methods of testing. In this paper, I present two definitions: The first is based on the number of members in the population that conform to the explanation’s implications; the second is based on the total magnitude of explanation-consistent effects in the population. I show that claims based on either definition can be tested using random coefficient models, but claims based on the second definition can also be tested using the more common, and simpler, population-level regression models. Consequently, this paper provides an understanding of the type of explanatory claims these common methods can test.
Marlon S. Noya van Delsen, Salmon Noce Aulele, Henry W. M. Patty
et al.
Kesejahteraan merupakan tujan utama pembangunan sebuah negara. Salah satu aspek penting yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kesejahteraan adalah kualitas fisik penduduk itu sendiri, dua diantaranya adalah angka kematian bayi dan status gizi buruk. Model regresi multivariat adalah model regresi dengan lebih dari satu variabel respon yang saling berkorelasi dan satu atau lebih variabel prediktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi angka kematian bayi dan status gizi buruk di Provinsi Maluku dengan menggunakan regresi linier multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persentase angka kematian bayi tertinggi yaitu di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Barat dan persentase status gizi buruk tertinggi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru. Faktor-faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi angka kematian bayi dan status gizi buruk di Provinsi Maluku dengan menggunakan regresi linier multivariat yaitu persentase ASI Ekslusif (X1), persentase kunjungan ibu hamil ke Puskesmas untuk memeriksa kandungan (X3), persentase jumlah sarana kesehatan (X4) dan persentase penduduk miskin (X5). Model terbaik untuk Y1 dan Y2 diperoleh dengan nilai AIC sebesar 8,440420 dan 0,6999986.
To begin, we find certain formulas Q(k,α)=G1k(α)G2k(α), for k=-1,0,1,…,9. These yield that part of the total separability probability, P(k,α), for generalized (real, complex, quaternionic, etc.) two-qubit states endowed with random induced measure, for which the determinantal inequality ρPT>ρ holds. Here ρ denotes a 4×4 density matrix, obtained by tracing over the pure states in 4×(4+k)-dimensions, and ρPT denotes its partial transpose. Further, α is a Dyson-index-like parameter with α=1 for the standard (15-dimensional) convex set of (complex) two-qubit states. For k=0, we obtain the previously reported Hilbert-Schmidt formulas, with Q(0,1/2)=29/128 (the real case), Q(0,1)=4/33 (the standard complex case), and Q(0,2)=13/323 (the quaternionic case), the three simply equalling P(0,α)/2. The factors G2k(α) are sums of polynomial-weighted generalized hypergeometric functions pFp-1, p≥7, all with argument z=27/64=(3/4)3. We find number-theoretic-based formulas for the upper (uik) and lower (bik) parameter sets of these functions and, then, equivalently express G2k(α) in terms of first-order difference equations. Applications of Zeilberger’s algorithm yield “concise” forms of Q(-1,α), Q(1,α), and Q(3,α), parallel to the one obtained previously (Slater 2013) for P(0,α)=2Q(0,α). For nonnegative half-integer and integer values of α, Q(k,α) (as well as P(k,α)) has descending roots starting at k=-α-1. Then, we (Dunkl and I) construct a remarkably compact (hypergeometric) form for Q(k,α) itself. The possibility of an analogous “master” formula for P(k,α) is, then, investigated, and a number of interesting results are found.
Anna-Lena Wölwer, Martin Breßlein, Jan Pablo Burgard
Gravity models are used to explain bilateral flows related to the sizes of bilateral partners, a measure of distance between them and other influences on interaction costs. The underlying idea is rather simple. The greater the masses of two bodies and the smaller the distance between them, the stronger they attract each other. This concept is applied to several research topics such as trade, migration or foreign direct investment. Even though the basic idea of gravity models is rather simple, they can become very complex when it comes to the choice of models or estimation methods. The package \textbf{gravity} targets to provide \proglang{R} users with the functions necessary to execute the most common estimation methods for gravity models, especially for cross-sectional data.
Gravitätsmodelle werden verwendet, um bilaterale Ströme zu erklären. Dabei werden sowohl die Größen und die Distanz der jeweiligen Partner als auch weitere Einflussfaktoren zur Erklärung herangezogen. Die zugrundeliegende Idee dieser Modelle beruht auf dem Gravitätsprinzip. Je schwerer zwei Körper und je kleiner deren Distanz zueinander, desto stärker ist ihre gegenseitige Anziehungskraft. Dieses Konzept wird auf verschiedene Forschungsreiche angewendet, so zum Beispiel Handel, Migration und ausländische Direktinvestitionen. Auch wenn die zugrundeliegende Idee von Gravitätsmodellen eher einfach ist, so kann deren Schätzung je nach Wahl des zugrundegelegten ökonomischen Zusammenhangs komplex werden. Das Paket \textbf{gravity} ermöglicht es \proglang{R}-Nutzern die gängigsten Verfahren für Gravitätsmodelle in der Querschnittsanalyse zu verwenden.
This paper addresses an initial boundary value problem for the damped Burgers equation in weighted Sobolev spaces on half line. First, it introduces two normed spaces and present relations between them, which in turn enables us to analysis the existence and uniqueness of a local mild solution and of a global strong solution in these weighted spaces. The paper also studies the well-posedness of this equation in a semi-infinite interval.
Human Development Index is one of the indicators to measure the success of a region in the field of human development sector. There are several factors that affect Human Development Index, such as life expentancy, the literacy rate, the average length of the school, and the index of purchasing power. The aim in this paper is to analyze the relationship between factors that affect Human Development Index in Yogyakarta using regression analysis. One of the assumptions of classical regression is not going multicollinierity. Multicollinierity cause misinterpretation of regression coefficients with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. One method used to overcome multicollinierity is Partial Least Square (PLS). The result of Human Development Index data analysis showed there was a high correlation between the predictor variables or in other words going multicollinierity, so using PLS method, we obtained adjusted R2 of 99.3% Human Development Index variables can be explained by the four predictor variables. By using PLS method, multicollinierity resolved in the problem of violation in the linear regression assumption.
Keywords: IPM, OLS, regression, PLS.
Kernel type density estimators are studied for random fields. A functional central limit theorem in the space of square integrable functions is proved if the locations of observations become more and more dense in an increasing sequence of domains.
We consider the normalized Ricci flow on generalized Wallach spaces that could be reduced to a system of nonlinear ODEs. As a main result we get the classification of degenerate singular points of the system under consideration in the important partial case ai = аj , i, j E{1, 2,3}, i<>j . In general the problem can also be considered as twoparametric bifurcations of solutions of abstract dynamical systems. Thus the problem under investigation is interesting not only in geometrical sense, but concerns the theory of planar dynamical systems.
In this article, we introduce the notion of a semi cyclic ϕ-contraction pair of mappings, which contains semi cyclic contraction pairs as a subclass. Existence and convergence results of best proximity points for semi cyclic ϕ- contraction pair of mappings are obtained.