Hasil untuk "Men"

N. Orentreich, J. Brind, R. Rizer et al.

R. Kaslow, D. Ostrow, R. Detels et al.

Misop Han, A. Partin, C. Pound et al.

A. Sharrett, C. Ballantyne, S. Coady et al.

L. Borghi, T. Schianchi, T. Meschi et al.

V. Hughes, W. Frontera, Michael Wood et al.

J. Hochman, J. Tamis, T. Thompson et al.

F. Orejuela, L. I. Lipshultz, Dolores J. Lamb

4. Pajarinen J, Laippala P, Penttila A, Karhunen PJ. Incidence of disorders of spermatogenesis in middle aged Finnish men, 1981-91: two necropsy series. Br Med J 314:13-18 (1997). 5. Ginsburg J, Okolo S, Prelevic G, Hardiman P. Residence in the London area and sperm density [letter]. Lancet343:230 (1994). 6. Auger J, Kunstmann JM, Czyglik F, Jouannet P. Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years. N EngI J Med 332:281-285 (1995). 7. Irvine S, Cawood E, Richardson D, MacDonald E, Aitken J. Evidence of deteriorating semen quality in the United Kingdom: birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years. Br Med J 312:467471 (1996). 8. Rasmussen PE, Erb K, Westergaard LG, Laursen SB. No evidence for decreasing semen quality in four birth cohorts of 1,055 Danish men born between 1950 and 1970. Fertil Steril 68:1059-1064 (1997). 9. Vierula M, Niemi M, Keiski A, Saaranen M, Saarikoski S, Souminen J. High and unchanged sperm counts of Finnish men. lntJ Androl 19:11-17 (1996). 10. Bujan L, Mansat A, Pontonnier F, Mieusset R. Time series analysis of sperm concentration in fertile men in Toulouse, France between 1977 and 1992. Br Med J 312:471472(1996). 11. Fisch H, Goluboff ET, Olson JH, Feldshuh J, Broder SJ, Barad DH. Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: no decline in quality. Fertil Steril 65:1009-1014 (1996). 12. MacLeod J, Wang Y. Male fertility potential in terms of semen quality: a review of the past, a study of the present. Fertil Steril 31:103-116 (1979). 13. Paulsen CA, Berman NG, Wang C. Data from men in greater Seattle area reveals no downward trend in semen quality: further evidence that deterioration of semen quality is not geographically uniform. Fertil Steril 65:1015-1020 (1996). 14. Wittmaack FM, Shapiro SS. Longitudinal study of semen quality in Wisconsin men over one decade. Wis Med J 91:477479 (1992). 15. Lipshultz Ll. 'The debate continues"-the continuing debate over the possible decline in semen quality. Fertil Steril 65:909-911 (1996).

S. Nielsen, Zengkui Guo, C. M. Johnson et al.

Daniel Maliniak, Ryan Powers, Barbara F. Walter

Luigi Ferrucci, A. Corsi, F. Lauretani et al.

We hypothesized that the rising levels of inflammatory markers with aging is explained by cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity becoming progressively more prevalent in older persons. Information on inflammatory markers, cardiovascular risk factors, and diseases was collected in 595 men and 748 women sampled from the general population (age, 20-102 years). In both men and women, older age was associated with higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-18, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen, while soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6r) increased significantly with age only in men. Adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity, the age regression coefficients became substantially smaller in models predicting IL-6, IL-1ra, IL-18, and fibrinogen and larger in the model predicting sIL6r. Adjustment for cardiovascular morbidity substantially reduced the effect of age on CRP in men but not in women. Findings were confirmed in a subgroup of 51 men and 45 women with low risk profile and no cardiovascular morbidity. Part of the "proinflammatory state" in older persons is related to the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factor and morbidity.

T. Brown, S. Cole, Xiuhong Li et al.

R. Jewkes, R. Morrell

Research shows that gender power inequity in relationships and intimate partner violence places women at enhanced risk of HIV infection. Men who have been violent towards their partners are more likely to have HIV. Men's behaviours show a clustering of violent and risky sexual practices, suggesting important connections. This paper draws on Raewyn Connell's notion of hegemonic masculinity and reflections on emphasized femininities to argue that these sexual, and male violent, practices are rooted in and flow from cultural ideals of gender identities. The latter enables us to understand why men and women behave as they do, and the emotional and material context within which sexual behaviours are enacted.In South Africa, while gender identities show diversity, the dominant ideal of black African manhood emphasizes toughness, strength and expression of prodigious sexual success. It is a masculinity women desire; yet it is sexually risky and a barrier to men engaging with HIV treatment. Hegemonically masculine men are expected to be in control of women, and violence may be used to establish this control. Instead of resisting this, the dominant ideal of femininity embraces compliance and tolerance of violent and hurtful behaviour, including infidelity.The women partners of hegemonically masculine men are at risk of HIV because they lack control of the circumstances of sex during particularly risky encounters. They often present their acquiescence to their partners' behaviour as a trade off made to secure social or material rewards, for this ideal of femininity is upheld, not by violence per se, by a cultural system of sanctions and rewards. Thus, men and women who adopt these gender identities are following ideals with deep roots in social and cultural processes, and thus, they are models of behaviour that may be hard for individuals to critique and in which to exercise choice. Women who are materially and emotionally vulnerable are least able to risk experiencing sanctions or foregoing these rewards and thus are most vulnerable to their men folk.We argue that the goals of HIV prevention and optimizing of care can best be achieved through change in gender identities, rather than through a focus on individual sexual behaviours.

A. Billis

PURPOSE We assessed outcomes of men with prostate cancer enrolled in active surveillance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Since 1995, a total of 769 men diagnosed with prostate cancer have been followed prospectively (median follow-up, 2.7 years; range, 0.01 to 15.0 years) on active surveillance. Enrollment criteria were for very-low-risk cancers, defined by clinical stage (T1c), prostate-specific antigen density < 0.15 ng/mL, and prostate biopsy findings (Gleason score ≤ 6, two or fewer cores with cancer, and ≤ 50% cancer involvement of any core). Curative intervention was recommended on disease reclassification on the basis of biopsy criteria. The primary outcome was survival free of intervention, and secondary outcomes were rates of disease reclassification and exit from the program. Outcomes were compared between men who did and did not meet very-low-risk criteria. RESULTS The median survival free of intervention was 6.5 years (range, 0.0 to 15.0 years) after diagnosis, and the proportions of men remaining free of intervention after 2, 5, and 10 years of follow-up were 81%, 59%, and 41%, respectively. Overall, 255 men (33.2%) underwent intervention at a median of 2.2 years (range, 0.6 to 10.2 years) after diagnosis; 188 men (73.7%) underwent intervention on the basis of disease reclassification on biopsy. The proportions of men who underwent curative intervention (P = .026) or had biopsy reclassification (P < .001) were significantly lower in men who met enrollment criteria than in those who did not. There were no prostate cancer deaths. CONCLUSION For carefully selected men, active surveillance with curative intent appears to be a safe alternative to immediate intervention. Limiting surveillance to very-low-risk patients may reduce the frequency of adverse outcomes.

N. Ashraf

Qijia Chen, Andrea Bellucci, Giulio Jacucci

Extensive research has examined presence and basic psychological needs (drawing on Self-Determination Theory) in digital media. While prior work offers hints of potential connections, we lack a systematic account of whether and how distinct presence dimensions map onto the basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We surveyed 301 social VR users and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. Results show that social presence predicts all three needs, while self-presence predicts competence and relatedness, and spatial presence shows no direct or moderating effects. Gender and age moderated these relationships: women benefited more from social presence for autonomy and relatedness, men from self- and spatial presence for competence and autonomy, and younger users showed stronger associations between social presence and relatedness, and between self-presence and autonomy. These findings position presence as a motivational mechanism shaped by demographic factors. The results offer theoretical insights and practical implications for designing inclusive, need-supportive multiuser VR environments.

Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi, Elaheh Salarpour, Parsa Saberian et al.

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Obesity is widely recognized as a significant contributor to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to identify the most accurate anthropometric cut‐off points for predicting T2DM in adults aged 35–70 years through a cross‐sectional analysis of the Bandare‐Kong cohort in southern Iran. Methods This study analyzed data from the Bandare‐Kong Non‐Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) cohort. Anthropometric indices were analyzed using statistical tests, including t‐tests and χ2 tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of anthropometric indices in predicting T2DM. A p‐value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 2749 participants were included, evenly distributed between men and women. T2DM was identified in 176 men (6.4%) and 242 women (8.8%). In women, abdominal obesity indicators such as waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) (cut‐off: 0.98, AUC = 0.72) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) (cut‐off: 0.59, AUC = 0.64) demonstrated the strongest associations with T2DM. In men, WHR (cut‐off: 0.94, AUC = 0.65) and WHtR (cut‐off: 0.52, AUC = 0.59) also showed significant associations. When analyzed by age, WHR (cut‐offs: 0.96 for < 50 years and 0.98 for ≥ 50 years) and WHtR (cut‐offs: 0.55 for < 50 years and 0.58 for ≥ 50 years) remained consistently associated with T2DM across age groups. Conversely, body mass index (BMI) showed weaker associations in both genders and age groups. Conclusion WHR and WHtR, key indicators of abdominal obesity, demonstrated a strong association with T2DM in both men and women, with WHR showing a particularly stronger relationship in women. These findings highlight the importance of focusing on abdominal obesity measures, especially in women, for better diabetes risk assessment. Future multicenter longitudinal studies are essential to confirm these findings and enhance risk‐stratification approaches.

Zetian Feng, Dong Ni, Yi Wang

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. The registration of magnetic resonance (MR) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) can provide guidance for the targeted biopsy of prostate cancer. In this study, we propose a salient region matching framework for fully automated MR-TRUS registration. The framework consists of prostate segmentation, rigid alignment and deformable registration. Prostate segmentation is performed using two segmentation networks on MR and TRUS respectively, and the predicted salient regions are used for the rigid alignment. The rigidly-aligned MR and TRUS images serve as initialization for the deformable registration. The deformable registration network has a dual-stream encoder with cross-modal spatial attention modules to facilitate multi-modality feature learning, and a salient region matching loss to consider both structure and intensity similarity within the prostate region. Experiments on a public MR-TRUS dataset demonstrate that our method achieves satisfactory registration results, outperforming several cutting-edge methods. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/mock1ngbrd/salient-region-matching.

S. Blake Allan

What is the role of algebra in classical mathematics education? How does it relate to the four quadrivial arts? These questions have troubled the mathematical community since the introduction of algebra into the Renaissance academy by men like François Viète, Guillame Gosselin, and René Descartes. Their challenge is perhaps most starkly articulated at the conclusion of Viète's Introduction to the Analytic Art, where he claims that his algebra "appropriates to itself by right the proud problem of problems, which is: [sic] TO LEAVE NO PROBLEM UNSOLVED". Some contemporary educators respond by eschewing these methods to avoid the excessive formalization often accompanying algebra, and to give a central place to the geometrical tradition of Euclid's Elements. Others embrace the rise of algebra in the curriculum, focusing on contemporary techniques and priorities. This paper seeks to reconcile these perspectives by clarifying the way in which algebra participates in the quadrivial arts. Based on testimony from both the origins of algebra and its contemporary practitioners, I argue that algebra is not so much an eighth liberal art as an arithmetical language of form; an actualized potential in arithmetic. I conclude by offering curricular recommendations which provide glimpses of the practical insights available from this vantage.

Rahul Vishwakarma, Sinchan Banerjee

Citation metrics serve as the cornerstone of scholarly impact evaluation despite their well-documented vulnerability to inflation through self-citation practices. This paper introduces the Self-Citation Adjusted Index (SCAI), a sophisticated metric designed to recalibrate citation counts by accounting for discipline-specific self-citation patterns. Through comprehensive analysis of 5,000 researcher profiles across diverse disciplines, we demonstrate that excessive self-citation inflates traditional metrics by 10-20%, potentially misdirecting billions in research funding. Recent studies confirm that self-citation patterns exhibit significant gender disparities, with men self-citing up to 70% more frequently than women, exacerbating existing inequalities in academic recognition. Our open-source implementation provides comprehensive tools for calculating SCAI and related metrics, offering a more equitable assessment of research impact that reduces the gender citation gap by approximately 8.5%. This work contributes to the paradigm shift toward transparent, nuanced, and equitable research evaluation methodologies in academia, with direct implications for funding allocation decisions that collectively amount to over $100 billion annually in the United States alone.