Hasil untuk "Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics"

S. Kalnaus, N. Dudney, A. Westover et al.

Solid-state batteries with lithium metal anodes have the potential for higher energy density, longer lifetime, wider operating temperature, and increased safety. Although the bulk of the research has focused on improving transport kinetics and electrochemical stability of the materials and interfaces, there are also critical challenges that require investigation of the mechanics of materials. In batteries with solid-solid interfaces, mechanical contacts, and the development of stresses during operation of the solid-state batteries, become as critical as the electrochemical stability to keep steady charge transfer at these interfaces. This review will focus on stress and strain that result from normal and extended battery cycling and the associated mechanisms for stress relief, some of which lead to failure of these batteries. Description Editor’s summary Replacing a liquid electrolyte with a solid one has the potential to improve the capacity and safety of lithium metal batteries. Although the focus has been on the electrochemical behavior, internal stresses and strains can also substantially alter battery performance and lifetime. Kalnaus et al. reviewed our understanding of the mechanics of solid-state batteries and the effect of having multiple solid-solid interfaces. They also looked at ways to alleviate stresses through additional materials and designs to improve the lifetime and performance of these batteries. —Marc S. Lavine A review examines the role of mechanics in solid-state batteries and associated ways to improve performance and lifetime. BACKGROUND Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have important potential advantages over traditional Li-ion batteries used in everyday phones and electric vehicles. Among these potential advantages is higher energy density and faster charging. A solid electrolyte separator may also provide a longer lifetime, wider operating temperature, and increased safety due to the absence of flammable organic solvents. One of the critical aspects of SSBs is the stress response of their microstructure to dimensional changes (strains) driven by mass transport. The compositional strains in cathode particles occur in liquid electrolyte batteries too, but in SSBs these strains lead to contact mechanics problems between expanding or contracting electrode particles and solid electrolyte. On the anode side, plating of lithium metal creates its own complex stress state at the interface with the solid electrolyte. A critical feature of SSBs is that such plating can occur not only at the electrode–electrolyte interface but within the solid electrolyte itself, inside its pores or along the grain boundaries. Such confined lithium deposition creates areas with high hydrostatic stress capable of initiating fractures in the electrolyte. Although the majority of failures in SSBs are driven by mechanics, most of the research has been dedicated to improving ion transport and electrochemical stability of electrolytes. As an attempt to bridge this gap, in this review we present a mechanics framework for SSBs and examine leading research in the field, focusing on the mechanisms by which stress is generated, prevented, and relieved. ADVANCES The push toward renewable resources requires the development of next-generation batteries with energy densities more than double that of current batteries and that can charge in 5 min or less. This has led to a race to develop electrolytes that can both facilitate 5-min fast charging and enable Li metal anodes—the key to high energy. The discovery of solid electrolytes that have high electrochemical stability with Li metal and sulfide solid electrolytes with ionic conductivities greater than those of any liquid electrolyte have spurred a shift in the research community toward SSBs. Although these discoveries have seeded the promise that SSBs can enable the vision of fast charging and a doubling of energy density, realization of this promise is feasible only if the mechanical behavior of battery materials is thoroughly understood and multiscale mechanics is integrated in the development of SSBs. OUTLOOK Several key challenges must be addressed, including (i) nonuniform lithium plating on a solid electrolyte surface and deposition of lithium metal within the solid electrolyte; (ii) loss of interfacial contact within the cell as a result of the volume changes associated with the electrochemical cycling that occurs at electrode contacts and also at grain boundaries; and (iii) manufacturing processes to form SSBs with a very thin solid electrolyte and a minimum of inactive components, including binders and structural supports. Mechanics is a common denominator connecting these problems. Deposition of metallic lithium into the surface and volume defects of a ceramic solid electrolyte results in local high stresses that can lead to electrolyte fracture with further propagation of metallic lithium into the cracks. In manufacturing, as a minimum requirement, the cathode–electrolyte stacks should possess enough strength to withstand the forces applied by the equipment. A better understanding of the mechanics of SSB materials will transfer to the development of solid electrolytes, cathodes, anodes, and cell architectures, as well as battery packs designed to manage the stresses of battery manufacturing and operation. The promise of solid-state batteries. SSBs offer a variety of multifunctional and safe solutions if important breakthroughs are made in engineering cell components and eliminating the need for tremendous external pressure to keep interfaces intact.

Jingyue Li, André Storhaug

With the advancement of Agentic AI, researchers are increasingly leveraging autonomous agents to address challenges in software engineering (SE). However, the large language models (LLMs) that underpin these agents often function as black boxes, making it difficult to justify the superiority of Agentic AI approaches over baselines. Furthermore, missing information in the evaluation design description frequently renders the reproduction of results infeasible. To synthesize current evaluation practices for Agentic AI in SE, this study analyzes 18 papers on the topic, published or accepted by ICSE 2026, ICSE 2025, FSE 2025, ASE 2025, and ISSTA 2025. The analysis identifies prevailing approaches and their limitations in evaluating Agentic AI for SE, both in current research and potential future studies. To address these shortcomings, this position paper proposes a set of guidelines and recommendations designed to empower reproducible, explainable, and effective evaluations of Agentic AI in software engineering. In particular, we recommend that Agentic AI researchers make their Thought-Action-Result (TAR) trajectories and LLM interaction data, or summarized versions of these artifacts, publicly accessible. Doing so will enable subsequent studies to more effectively analyze the strengths and weaknesses of different Agentic AI approaches. To demonstrate the feasibility of such comparisons, we present a proof-of-concept case study that illustrates how TAR trajectories can support systematic analysis across approaches.

Shixing Chen, Jingchuan Zhu, Tingyao Liu et al.

This study deploys an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) workflow to elucidate how aging schedules govern the microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel ultra-high-strength maraging steel. Thermodynamic calculations identify precipitate species and contents, while kinetic modeling captures nucleation and growth; in parallel, a machine-learning model tuned by the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) assesses model accuracy, examines the normality of residuals, and delivers global predictions of mechanical properties across the design space. A vacuum-arc-melted martensitic steel was aged between 380 and 680 °C. Strength increases and then decreases with aging temperature, whereas ductility shows the opposite trend. The 480 °C condition provides the optimal overall balance, with a yield strength of 2160 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 2220 MPa, elongation of 3.85 %, reduction of area of 33.7 %, and hardness of 62.2 HRC. In contrast, the 680 °C condition yields maximum plasticity, characterized by an elongation of 15.5 % and a reduction of area of 62.2 %. EBSD reveals an increase in characteristic grain size with temperature and a gradual decrease in the fraction of low-angle boundaries; XRD and SEM corroborate the formation of reverted austenite at higher temperatures. The SSA-assisted model achieves absolute prediction errors within ±10 % across all tested conditions, supporting its reliability. Integrating thermodynamics, kinetics, and data-driven prediction yields a coherent process–structure–property map and offers practical guidance for heat-treatment design in new maraging steels.

Andrej Kolar-Požun, Gregor Kosec

The finite difference time domain method is one of the simplest and most popular methods in computational electromagnetics. This work considers two possible ways of generalising it to a meshless setting by employing local radial basis function interpolation. The resulting methods remain fully explicit and are convergent if properly chosen hyperviscosity terms are added to the update equations. We demonstrate that increasing the stencil size of the approximation has a desirable effect on numerical dispersion. Furthermore, our proposed methods can exhibit a decreased dispersion anisotropy compared to the finite difference time domain method.

Hui Yu, Jiangping Hu, Shi-Xin Zhang

The search for non-ergodic mechanisms in quantum many-body systems has become a frontier area of research in non-equilibrium physics. In this Letter, we introduce Hilbert subspace imprint (HSI)-a novel mechanism that enables evasion of thermalization and bridges the gap between quantum many-body scars (QMBS) and Hilbert space fragmentation (HSF). HSI manifests when initial states overlap exclusively with a polynomial scaling (with system size) set of eigenstates. We demonstrate this phenomenon through two distinct approaches: weak symmetry breaking and initial state engineering. In the former case, we observe that ferromagnetic states including those with a single spin-flip display non-thermal behavior under weak U(1) breaking, while antiferromagnetic states thermalize. In contrast, the Z2-symmetric model shows thermalization for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states. In the latter case, we engineer the initial state prepared by shallow quantum circuits that enhance the overlap with the small target subspace. Our results establish HSI as a mechanism equally fundamental to non-thermalization as QMBS and HSF.

Mohammed Latif Siddiq, Arvin Islam-Gomes, Natalie Sekerak et al.

Reproducibility is a cornerstone of scientific progress, yet its state in large language model (LLM)-based software engineering (SE) research remains poorly understood. This paper presents the first large-scale, empirical study of reproducibility practices in LLM-for-SE research. We systematically mined and analyzed 640 papers published between 2017 and 2025 across premier software engineering, machine learning, and natural language processing venues, extracting structured metadata from publications, repositories, and documentation. Guided by four research questions, we examine (i) the prevalence of reproducibility smells, (ii) how reproducibility has evolved over time, (iii) whether artifact evaluation badges reliably reflect reproducibility quality, and (iv) how publication venues influence transparency practices. Using a taxonomy of seven smell categories: Code and Execution, Data, Documentation, Environment and Tooling, Versioning, Model, and Access and Legal, we manually annotated all papers and associated artifacts. Our analysis reveals persistent gaps in artifact availability, environment specification, versioning rigor, and documentation clarity, despite modest improvements in recent years and increased adoption of artifact evaluation processes at top SE venues. Notably, we find that badges often signal artifact presence but do not consistently guarantee execution fidelity or long-term reproducibility. Motivated by these findings, we provide actionable recommendations to mitigate reproducibility smells and introduce a Reproducibility Maturity Model (RMM) to move beyond binary artifact certification toward multi-dimensional, progressive evaluation of reproducibility rigor.

Anatoly A. Krasnovsky

Chaos engineering reveals resilience risks but is expensive and operationally risky to run broadly and often. Model-based analyses can estimate dependability, yet in practice they are tricky to build and keep current because models are typically handcrafted. We claim that a simple connectivity-only topological model - just the service-dependency graph plus replica counts - can provide fast, low-risk availability estimates under fail-stop faults. To make this claim practical without hand-built models, we introduce model discovery: an automated step that can run in CI/CD or as an observability-platform capability, synthesizing an explicit, analyzable model from artifacts teams already have (e.g., distributed traces, service-mesh telemetry, configs/manifests) - providing an accessible gateway for teams to begin resilience testing. As a proof by instance on the DeathStarBench Social Network, we extract the dependency graph from Jaeger and estimate availability across two deployment modes and five failure rates. The discovered model closely tracks live fault-injection results; with replication, median error at mid-range failure rates is near zero, while no-replication shows signed biases consistent with excluded mechanisms. These results create two opportunities: first, to triage and reduce the scope of expensive chaos experiments in advance, and second, to generate real-time signals on the system's resilience posture as its topology evolves, preserving live validation for the most critical or ambiguous scenarios.

W. Powrie

Origin and classification of soils Introduction: what is soil mechanics? Structure of the earth Origin of soils Soil mineralogy Phase relationships for soils Unit weight Effective stress Particle size distributions Soil filters Soil description Index tests and classification of clay soils Compaction Houses built on clay Key points Self-assessment and Learning Questions Origins and mineralogy of soils Phase relationships, unit weight and calculation of effective stresses Particle size analysis and soil filters Index tests and classification Compaction Notes References Soil strength Introduction Stress analysis Soil strength Friction Shearbox or direct shear apparatus Presentation of shearbox test data in engineering units Volume changes during shear Critical states Peak strengths and dilation Shearbox tests on clays Applications Stress states in the shearbox test Simple shear apparatus Key points Self-assessment and learning questions Shearbox test Development of a critical state model Determination of peak strengths Use of strength data to calculate friction pile load capacity Stress analysis and interpretation of shearbox test data References Groundwater flow and control Introduction Pore water pressures in the ground Darcy's law and soil permeability Laboratory measurement of permeability Field measurement of permeability Permeability of laminated soils Mathematics of groundwater flow Plane flow Confined flownets Calculation of pore water pressures using flownets Quicksand Unconfined flownets Distance of influence Soils with anisotropic permeability Zones of different permeability Boundary conditions for flow into drains Application of well pumping formulae to construction dewatering Numerical methods Groundwater control Unsaturated soils Key points Self-assessment and learning questions Laboratory measurement of permeability fluidisation layered soils Well pumping test for field measurement of permeability Confined flownets and quicksand Unconfined flownet Flownets in anisotropic soils Notes References One-dimensional compression and consolidation Introduction and objectives One-dimensional compression: the oedometer test One-dimensional consolidation Properties of isochrones One-dimensional consolidation: solution using parabolic isochrones Determining the consolidation coefficient cv from oedometer test data Application of consolidation testing and theory to field problems One-dimensional consolidation: exact solutions Radial drainage Limitations of the simple models for the behaviour of soils in one-dimensional compression and consolidation Key points Self-assessment and learning questions Analysis and interpretation of one-dimensional compression test data Analysis of data from the consolidation phase Application of one-dimensional compression and consolidation theory to field problems Notes References Triaxial test and soil behaviour Introduction Triaxial test Stress parameters Stress analysis of the triaxial test Determining the effective angle of shearing resistance phi' from triaxial shear tests Undrained shear strengths of clay soils Isotropic compression and swelling Specimen preparation by one-dimensional compression and swelling: K consolidation Conditions imposed in shear tests Critical states Yield State paths during shear: normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated clays Peak strengths Residual strength Sensitive soils Correlation of critical state parameters with index tests Creep Anisotropy Unsaturated soils Critical state model applied to sands Non-linear soil models Repeated or cyclic loading Key points Self-assessment and learning questions Interpretation of triaxial test results Determination of critical state and Cam clay parameters Analysis and prediction of state paths using Cam clay concepts Notes References Calculation of soil settlements using elasticity methods Introduction Selection of elastic parameters Boussinesq's solution Newmark's chart and estimation of vertical stress Settlements due to surface loads and foundations Influence factors for stress Standard solutions for surface settlements on an isotropic, homogeneous, elastic half-space Estimation of immediate settlements Effect of heterogeneity Cross-coupling of shear and volumetric effects due to anisotropy Key points Self-assessment and learning questions Determining elastic parameters from laboratory test data Calculation of increases in vertical effective stress below a surface surcharge Calculation of increases in vertical effective stress and resulting soil settlements Use of standard formulae in conjunction with one-dimensional consolidation theory References Plasticity and limit equilibrium methods for earth pressures and retaining walls Engineering plasticity Upper and lower bounds (safe and unsafe solutions) Failure criteria for soils Retaining walls Calculation of limiting lateral earth pressures Development of simple stress field solutions for a propped embedded cantilever retaining wall Soil/wall friction Mechanism-based kinematic and equilibrium solutions for gravity retaining walls Reinforced soil walls Compaction stresses behind backfilled walls Key points Self-assessment and learning questions Calculation of lateral earth pressures and prop loads Stress field limit equilibrium analysis of an embedded retaining wall Mechanism-based limit equilibrium analysis of retaining walls Reinforced soil retaining walls Compaction stresses References Foundations and slopes Introduction and objectives Shallow strip foundations (footings): simple lower bound (safe) solutions Simple upper bound (unsafe) solutions for shallow strip footings Bearing capacity enhancement factors to account for foundation shape and depth, and soil weight Shallow foundations subjected to horizontal and moment loads Simple piled foundations: ultimate axial loads of single piles . -crit or-peak Pile groups and piled rafts Lateral loads on piles Introductory slope stability: the infinite slope Analysis of a more general slope Laterally loaded piles for slope stabilisation Key points Self-assessment and learning questions Shallow foundations Deep foundations Laterally loaded piles Slopes References In-ground retaining structures: embedded walls and tunnels Introduction and objectives Earth pressure coefficients taking account of shear stresses at the soil/wall interface Limit equilibrium calculations for embedded retaining walls and ultimate limit state design Calculation of bending moments and prop loads: serviceability limit states Embedded walls retaining clay soils Geostructural mechanism to estimate wall movements Effect of relative soil: wall stiffness Strip loads Multi-propped embedded walls Tunnels Key points Self-assesment and learning questions Embedded retaining walls and ULS design Tunnels Note References Calculation of improved bearing capacity factors and earth pressure coefficients using plasticity methods Introduction and objectives Stress discontinuities and their use to calculate improved bearing capacity factors for a shallow foundation subjected to a vertical load: effective stress (phi') analysis Stress discontinuities and their use to calculate improved bearing capacity factors for a shallow foundation subjected to a vertical load: total stress (tauu) analysis Application to stress analysis Shallow foundations subjected to inclined loads Calculation of earth pressure coefficients for rough retaining walls Sloping backfill Wall with a sloping (battered) back Improved upper bounds for shallow foundations Key points Self assesment and learning questions Bearing capacity of foundations Retaining walls and earth pressures References Site investigation, in situ testing and modelling Introduction and objectives Site investigation In situ testing Modelling Ground improvement Key points Self-assessment and learning questions In situ testing Modelling Ground improvement Notes References Index

David F. Channell

Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Olena Litvinova, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi et al.

Aim: This study aimed to identify and analyze the top 100 most cited digital health and mobile health (m-health) publications. It could aid researchers in the identification of promising new research avenues, additionally supporting the establishment of international scientific collaboration between interdisciplinary research groups with demonstrated achievements in the area of interest. Methods: On 30th August, 2023, the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) electronic database was queried to identify the top 100 most cited digital health papers with a comprehensive search string. From the initial search, 106 papers were identified. After screening for relevance, six papers were excluded, resulting in the final list of the top 100 papers. The basic bibliographic data was directly extracted from WOSCC using its “Analyze” and “Create Citation Report” functions. The complete records of the top 100 papers were downloaded and imported into a bibliometric software called VOSviewer (version 1.6.19) to generate an author keyword map and author collaboration map. Results: The top 100 papers on digital health received a total of 49,653 citations. Over half of them (n = 55) were published during 2013–2017. Among these 100 papers, 59 were original articles, 36 were reviews, 4 were editorial materials, and 1 was a proceeding paper. All papers were written in English. The University of London and the University of California system were the most represented affiliations. The USA and the UK were the most represented countries. The Journal of Medical Internet Research was the most represented journal. Several diseases and health conditions were identified as a focus of these works, including anxiety, depression, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Conclusions: The findings underscore key areas of focus in the field and prominent contributors, providing a roadmap for future research in digital and m-health.

Joffrey Lhonneur, Nawfal Blal, Yann Monerie

In fracture mechanics, the mesh sensitivity is a key issue. It is particularly true concerning cohesive volumetric finite element methods in which the crack path and the overall behavior are respectively influenced by the mesh topology and the mesh density. Poisson-Delaunay tessellations parameters, including the edge length distributions, were widely studied in the literature but very few works concern the mesh density and topology in Delaunay type meshes suitable for finite element simulations, which is of crucial interest for practical use. Starting from previous results concerning Poisson-Delaunay tessellations and studying in detail the Lloyd relaxation algorithm, we propose estimates for the probability density functions of the edge length and triangle top angles sets. These estimates depend both on the intensity of the underlying point process and on an efficiency index associated to the global quality of the mesh. The global and local accuracies of these estimates are checked for various standard mesh generators. Finally the mesh density and geodesic tortuosity are estimated for standard random or structured triangular meshes typically used in finite element simulations. These results provide practical formulas to estimate bias introduced by the mesh density and topology on the results of cohesive-volumetric finite element simulations.

Parismita Phukan, Hiren Deka, Puja Haloi et al.

The purpose of this study is to examine the entropy generation for a Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Casson fluid subject to a vertical cone. Here the impact of reaction by chemical and diffusion-thermo is scrutinized. Physical aspects of radiative flux transverse to the surface are deliberated. The governing non-linear PDEs and the expression for entropy generation are non-dimensionalized with the help of dimensionless quantities. Finite difference technique is implemented to get numerical and graphical results for the non-linear system. Bejan number for the heat transfer is also examined. The results obtained shows that entropy generation and Bejan number are strongly influence by the embedded flow parameters.

Xie Hepin

Yuriy Snyder, S. Jana

The current clinical solutions, including mechanical and bioprosthetic valves for valvular heart diseases, are plagued by coagulation, calcification, nondurability, and the inability to grow with patients. The tissue engineering approach attempts to resolve these shortcomings by producing heart valve scaffolds that may deliver patients a life-long solution. Heart valve scaffolds serve as a three-dimensional support structure made of biocompatible materials that provide adequate porosity for cell infiltration, and nutrient and waste transport, sponsor cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, and allow for extracellular matrix production that together contributes to the generation of functional neotissue. The foundation of successful heart valve tissue engineering is replicating native heart valve architecture, mechanics, and cellular attributes through appropriate biomaterials and scaffold designs. This article reviews biomaterials, the fabrication of heart valve scaffolds, and their in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations applied for heart valve tissue engineering.

Zehui Zhu, I. Al-Qadi

Cracking is a common failure mode in asphalt concrete (AC) pavements. Many tests have been developed to characterize the fracture behavior of AC. Accurate crack detection during testing is crucial to describe AC fracture behavior. This paper proposed a framework to detect surface cracks in AC specimens using two-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC). Two significant drawbacks in previous research in this field were addressed. First, a multi-seed incremental reliability-guided DIC was proposed to solve the decorrelation issue due to large deformation and discontinuities. The method was validated using synthetic deformed images. A correctly implemented analysis could accurately measure strains up to 450\%, even with significant discontinuities (cracks) present in the deformed image. Second, a robust method was developed to detect cracks based on displacement fields. The proposed method uses critical crack tip opening displacement ($\delta_c$) to define the onset of cleavage fracture. The proposed method relies on well-developed fracture mechanics theory. The proposed threshold $\delta_c$ has a physical meaning and can be easily determined from DIC measurement. The method was validated using an extended finite element model. The framework was implemented to measure the crack propagation rate while conducting the Illinois-flexibility index test on two AC mixes. The calculated rates could distinguish mixes based on their cracking potential. The proposed framework could be applied to characterize AC cracking phenomenon, evaluate its fracture properties, assess asphalt mixture testing protocols, and develop theoretical models.

J. Furtney, C. Thielsen, W. Fu et al.

Yashar A Behnam, Ahilan Krishnan Anantha, Hayden Wilson et al.

Contemporary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have not fully restored natural P-F mechanics across the patient population. Previous experimental simulations have been limited in their ability to create dynamic, unconstrained, muscle-driven P-F articulation while simultaneously controlling tibiofemoral (T-F) contact mechanics. The purpose of this study was to develop and verify a novel experimental simulation and corresponding finite element model to evaluate T-F and P-F mechanics. A commercially available wear simulator was retrofit with custom fixturing to evaluate whole-knee TKA mechanics with varying patella heights during a simulated deep knee bend. A corresponding dynamic finite element model was developed to verify kinematic and kinetic predictions against experimental measurements. Patella alta reduced P-F reaction forces in early and mid-flexion, corresponding with an increase in T-F forces that indicated an increase in extensor mechanism efficiency. Due to reduced wrapping of the extensor mechanism in deeper flexion for the alta condition, peak P-F forces in flexion increased from 101% to 135% of the applied quadriceps load for baja and alta conditions, respectively. Strong agreement was observed between the experiment and model predictions with root mean square errors (RMSE) for P-F kinematics ranging from 0.8° to 3.3° and 0.7 mm to 1.4 mm. RMSE for P-F forces ranged from 7.4 N to 53.6 N. This novel experimental simulation and verified model will be a useful tool for future development of TKA implants.

Robert Keqi Luo

Antivibration isolators are made from both crystalizing rubbers and non-crystalizing rubbers. Their fatigue resistance is different. Although the recently developed effective tensile stress criterionhas been validated in crystalizing rubber under different R ratios (the ratio between the minimum stress value and the maximum stress value), its application to non-crystalizing rubbers has never been verified. In this study, this criterion was tested against a non-crystalizing rubber using two types of samples under R ≥ 0 conditions for 168 fatigue cases with different loading modes. Considering that a shape change may also cause fatigue damage, a new shear stress criterion was derived and subsequently tested. The unified S-N curves (2×102 - 3×106 cycles) obtained have achieved narrow bands with a scatter factor of 1.35 with a correlation coefficient R2 ≥  0.90 using these two criteria. This potential novel approach could be more effective than the current methods, which use fitting functions with adjustable parameters determined from an additional experiment. This offers greater choices and flexibility to engineers in their selection of the most appropriate suited criteria for their design in anti-vibration applications.

Yusuke Sato, Eiji Iwase

Origami is garnering attention in fields such as medical and electronic devices as this approach allows transitioning from a 2D to a 3D structure. Self‐folding method is effective for fabricating origami structures, but conventional strategy of self‐folding by driving all hinges is unsophisticated and thus makes redundancy and unnecessary limitations in fabrication. The behavior of deformation of origami structures can be described as a linkage mechanism, so that the degree of freedom of the origami structure is essentially not equal to the number of hinges. Herein, a self‐folding method is proposed for origami structures such that an entire structure can be folded by driving only a few hinges using the characteristics of force transmission of origami as a linkage mechanism. This proposed self‐folding method allows the selection of the position of the driving hinges and enables the self‐folding of origami structures with the restrictions of the position of the driving hinge. In addition, the method can provide high process compatibility for the fabrication and folding processes of origami devices.