Victor Shcherbyna, Volodymyr Pikul, Vita Shal
et al.
The article examines reforms of the labor legislation of Ukraine from the point of view of their compliance with international and constitutional norms, particularly the principles of the ILO and EU directives. A theory under consideration argues that decent work should serve as the foundation of social justice policy in a democratic state. The study emphasizes the importance of balancing the interests of employers and employees in the process of aligning Ukrainian labor legislation, particularly the draft Law “On Labor”, with EU standards. It also analyzes state regulation of employment and labor migration in order to clearly define the roles and funding sources of employment institutions. The article highlights the need to update the Law “On Employment of the Population”. Scrutiny is invited of legislative initiatives that could undermine Ukraine’s legal commitments and weaken both trade union institutions and democratic labor discourse.
In the context of rapidly increasing digital performance monitoring in the workplace, concerns over employee privacy and ethical considerations arise. This tension between organizational control and employee privacy becomes especially complex in postcommunist societies like Poland, Croatia, and the Republic of North Macedonia, which have a history of state surveillance and control. Drawing on various academic sources and employing a doctrinal-legal method, this study examines how cultural, historical, and legal factors shape perceptions and protections of privacy. It also analyzes the legal frameworks of privacy rights in the workplace. The research reveals that post-communist legacies influence public attitudes towards digital privacy, which is reflected in a low interest in digital privacy in these countries and legislation that lags behind rapid technological advancements. Despite their EU-aligned legislation that provides guidelines for ethical data collection and surveillance, an ambivalent perception of privacy exists among citizens, influenced by their history of state surveillance and control. All three countries have specific legislations that encompass civil, criminal, administrative, and labor law to protect privacy in the workplace. The study concludes with policy recommendations, emphasizing the need for ongoing legislative scrutiny to strike a balance between privacy protection and a stable and secure work environment.
International relations, Political science (General)
Considérant que la transition bas carbone ne résultera pas d’un accord mutuel et passera par l’organisation collective coordonnée des travailleurs, les auteurs s’appuient sur des critiques écosocialistes pour repérer les dimensions concrètes de la solidarité entre les travailleurs et le reste de la nature telle qu’elle transparaît dans les luttes sociales. Ils avancent que cette mobilisation collective contre la précarité et l’intensification du travail est indispensable pour garantir le travail soutenable et atténuer les conséquences des préjudices à l’environnement sur le corps des travailleurs. Le mouvement syndical pourrait ainsi agir pour la transition bas carbone et faire valoir des revendications climatiques transsectorielles dans le cadre de la négociation collective.
Les auteurs examinent l’impact de la robotisation sur la corrélation à court terme entre emploi et production en s’appuyant sur des données de panel relatives à 35pays de l’OCDE au cours de la période 1996-2020. Leurs résultats empiriques, validés par une série de tests de robustesse, montrent systématiquement que l’automatisation contribue à la préservation de l’emploi pendant les récessions, parce qu’elle atténue la hausse du chômage quand l’activité se contracte. Ces résultats remettent ainsi en cause l’idée communément avancée concernant l’impact négatif de l’automatisation sur l’emploi. Par ailleurs, ils ne confirment pas que l’automatisation explique les reprises sans emplois.
Este artigo sistematiza as ações do projeto "Construção de Ferramentas de Comercialização de Produtos da Reforma Agrária no Rio de Janeiro", realizado entre agosto de 2021 e dezembro de 2022 no Armazém do Campo do Rio de Janeiro, do MST. O projeto, executado como pesquisa-ação, desenvolveu um sistema de vendas para atender diferentes regiões e núcleos de comercialização no estado. A produção de sistemas de código aberto e a elaboração participativa permitiram criar um ambiente virtual de comunicação entre consumidores e produtores, aproximando cidade e campo.
Palavras-chave: Tecnologia Social, Software Livre, Cestas agroecológicas, Reforma Agrária.
Special aspects of education, Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand
P. Beramendi, Silja Häusermann, Herbert P. Kitschelt
et al.
1. Introduction: the politics of advanced capitalism Pablo Beramendi, Silja Hausermann, Herbert Kitschelt and Hanspeter Kriesi Part I. Structural Transformations: 2. Prosperity and the evolving structure of advanced economies Carles Boix 3. The origins of dualism David Rueda, Erik Wibbels and Melina Altamirano 4. Occupational structure and labor market change in Western Europe since 1990 Daniel Oesch 5. Globalization, labor market risks, and class cleavage Rafaela Dancygier and Stefanie Walter 6. The return of the family Gosta Esping-Andersen Part II. Politics: 7. Party alignments: change and continuity Herbert Kitschelt and Philipp Rehm 8. What do voters want? Dimensions and configurations in individual-level preferences and party choice Silja Hausermann and Hanspeter Kriesi 9. Trade unions and the future of democratic capitalism Anke Hassel Part III. Policies: 10. Post-industrial social policy Evelyne Huber and John Stephens 11. The dynamics of social investment: human capital, activation, and care Jane Gingrich and Ben Ansell 12. Stability and change in CMEs: corporate governance and industrial relations in Germany and Denmark Gregory Jackson and Kathleen Thelen Part IV. Outcomes: 13. Constrained partisanship and economic outcomes Pablo Beramendi 14. Happiness and the welfare state: decommodification and the political economy of subjective wellbeing Christopher J. Anderson and Jason D. Hecht 15. Conclusion: advanced capitalism in crisis Pablo Beramendi, Silja Hausermann, Herbert Kitschelt and Hanspeter Kriesi.
Background. The current demographic situation in Russia requires the urgent implementation of diverse measures to support families with children. Among them, ensur-ing a sufficient number of places in kindergartens, nurseries and medical institutions is of particular importance. The need to solve this problem determines the relevance of under-standing the historical experience of the formation and implementation of the policy of the Soviet state in the field of maternal and child health, including the activities of preschool institutions in the extreme conditions of the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of this work is to consider the features of the deployment and nature of the activities of the rural nursery network of Penza region in 1941–1945. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the involvement of documentary materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Economics, the State Archive of the Pen-za region and materials of the periodical press of the war years. The realization of research tasks was achieved through the use of a systematic and integrated approach to the consider-ation of the organization of the system of protection of motherhood and infancy during the Great Patriotic War. Results. The analysis revealed the need to organize the life support of infants in rural settlements of Penza region during the war years through nursery escort. The dynamics of the deployment of rural pre-school institutions of nursery type is consid-ered. Diverse difficulties in the organization of life, nutrition and medical care for nursery contingents are identified, practices for overcoming them are described. Quantitative indi-cators of nursery care coverage of the child population have been determined. The favora-ble impact of nursery construction on reducing the acuteness of economic, medical and de-mographic problems in the region has been established. Conclusions. In the period 1941–1945 a sharp decline in the number of male able-bodied population determined the need for the total inclusion of female labor in agricultural production. The main tool for solving this problem was the development of a network of nurseries, which also made it possible to es-tablish regular medical monitoring of the health of a significant part of children in the first three years of life. The leading place in the work of the nursery in this direction was occu-pied by measures to prevent childhood morbidity and infant mortality, the implementation of which was entrusted to assigned medical workers. The deployment and functioning of the nursery was carried out by the efforts of a number of different departments, institutions and business entities and was accompanied by problems associated with insufficient fund-ing, personnel, material and economic support, indifferent attitude and lack of initiative of local leaders. However, despite the significant costs, in the most difficult wartime condi-tions in Penza region, it was possible to organize and maintain a fairly developed network of rural nurseries, the vast majority of which were seasonal in nature and made it possible to cover from 23,000 to 70,000 children with nursery care in some war years. In our opin-ion, the activity of nurseries has become an important circumstance, which, together with other factors, contributed to the stabilization of agricultural production and the reduction of infant mortality in the region by more than 2 times compared to the pre-war level.
Unpaid domestic work is an important aspect of productive activities and an indispensable factor that contributes to the well-being of household and economy. However, the predominance of women in domestic work and keeping them out of ‘economic activities’ put unpaid domestic work under the shadow of invisibility, outside the production boundaries, and further outside the purview of economic policy. The nature of women’s work has endured substantial alterations during the neo-liberal paradigm of Indian economy, and women’s participation in the labor force and workforce has declined significantly. To understand the status of women in the labor market, it is necessary to comprehend the nature of their unpaid work, which has significant impact on their work participation rate in the economy. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the magnitude and factors that influence the unpaid domestic work status of women in India. The findings of this study reveal that the intensity to be engaged in domestic work is high among women who are less educated and belong to the lower wealth quintile in society. Women are engaged in unpaid domestic work because of three factors—Constraints (social and religious), Choices (failure of market and states to provide essential provisioning), and Career (low opportunity cost of unpaid work in the market). Therefore, a holistical approach within the broader context of household, state, market, and society through a macro, meso, and micro interconnects has to be considered for changing women’s status in the economy.
When trying to interpret, understand, and analyze the daily flow of news, I tend to locate what is happening against the background of two distinctive but intersecting models of how capitalism works. The first level is a mapping of the internal contradictions of the circulation and accumulation of capital as money value flows in search of profit through the di erent “moments” (as Marx calls them) of production, realization (consumption), distribution, and reinvestment. This is a model of the capitalist economy as a spiral of endless expansion and growth. It gets pretty complicated as it gets elaborated through, for example, the lenses of geopolitical rivalries, uneven geographical developments, financial institutions, state policies, technological reconfigurations and the ever-changing web of divisions of labor and of social relations.
Firms need to adopt abatement strategies and change their modes of production and resource allocation under the strict environmental policy, which affects the labor income share. Based on the firm-level data of China’s Industrial Enterprise Database and Pollution Emission Database from 1998 to 2013, this study uses the difference-in-differences framework to test the effects and mechanisms of environmental policy on labor income share with different abatement strategies. We find that the Two Control Zone policy coupled with Environmental Performance Assessment policy (EPA-TCZ policies) in China, significantly increases the labor income share by 2.6% and reduces sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Mechanism analyses further find that firms primarily adopt abatement strategies of source control and end-of-pipe treatments to cope with environmental regulation, and labor income share is enhanced through the factor-substitute effect and the cost effect. As the result of labor income share, low-skilled firms and state-owned firms are more sensitive to environmental regulation. The results from this study provide an empirical basis for the formulation and evaluation of environmental policies in developing countries.
No one has been untouched by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, which underscores the principle that there is an inextricable link between health, work and the global economy of civil society. The goal of this article is to describe law in the USA that was written during the 2020 pandemic to mobilize occupational health tools that could stem the tide of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 transformed previously stoic economic sectors such as airlines, hotels, food service and major stores into marginal employers. Essential workers in food, retail delivery and health care workers confronted health risks from occupational, transmission of communicable disease. Among workers with school children impacted by COVID-19 Emergency Executive orders to stay in place, e-learning and remote work, e-hospital data collection and health status monitoring, returning to school as teachers or nonessential workers also generated fear of workplace transmission of disease that might infect their family. Using legislative policy analysis methods, this article describes the traditional principles of state labor relations that were rewritten using the legislative pen, now instead requiring risk assessment for all employees and employers to thereby prevent occupational transmission of disease. As discussed here, Virginia, the USA state, responded with a COVID-19 prevention law deploying modern industrial hygiene tools with broader jurisdiction compared to state labor law precedents. As a result, swift administrative action, justified for pandemic response, underscores that marginal employers and their workers need strong occupational health and safety laws, because health is inextricably linked to creating thriving commerce.
One of the key tasks of the current government is to develop the regions and strengthen their economic potential. One of the most important factors of economic growth is investment. For Ukraine, which is in a crisis pit, the issue of attracting foreign investments is especially important and relevant, as they have a significant impact on the economic development of the country. At the same time, the largest degradation in Ukraine today is investment activity, which is also due to the outbreak of COVID-19. Deterioration of the investment climate, the possibilities of budgets at all levels, the decline in business activity of economic entities have led to a difficult state of the investment sphere.
The article analyzes the investment attractiveness of the regions of Ukraine. A special role is focused on the factors (positive and negative) that affect the formation of the investment climate of the regions: positive - geographical location, labor resources; negative - unfavorable climate and corruption.
One of the indicators that reflects the stable economic development of certain sectors of the economy, as well as the country's economy as a whole is the investment potential of the regions. The investment and foreign economic policy of Ivano-Frankivsk UТС is analyzed, which is aimed at improving the image at the regional and international levels, promoting a significant increase in domestic and foreign investment in economic development, the implementation of active information and promotional activities.
In the city, foreign investment is about 580 million dollars. US dollars, of which almost 80 million dollars. USA - loan capital. During the study, we analyzed the largest enterprises in Ivano-Frankivsk, including foreign investment, LLC “Electrolux Ukraine”, LLC “Tyco Electronics Ukraine Limited”, SE VO “Karpaty” (Delphi project), LLC “Imperial Foods”.
The method of expert assessments indicates promising areas of business development of Ivano-Frankivsk UТС. In the course of the research we suggested ways to improve the investment attractiveness of Ivano-Frankivsk UТС.
Abstract Using firm-level data from a large-scale European survey among 20 countries, we analyse the determinants of firms using short-time work (STW). We show that firms are more likely to use STW in case of negative demand shocks. We show that STW schemes are more likely to be used by firms with high degrees of firm-specific human capital, high firing costs, and operating in countries with stringent employment protection legislation and a high degree of downward nominal wage rigidity. STW use is higher in countries with formalised schemes and in countries where these schemes were extended in response to the recent crisis. On the wider economic impact of STW, we show that firms using the schemes are significantly less likely to lay off permanent workers in response to a negative shock, with no impact for temporary workers. Relating our STW take-up measure in the micro data to aggregate data on employment and output trends, we show that sectors with a high STW take-up exhibit significantly less cyclical variation in employment.
Maria Cristina Paulo Rodrigues, Lia Tiriba, José Luiz Cordeiro Antunes
Entre a última publicação da Revista Trabalho Necessário, em julho/2019 e a atual, também sobre Trabalho, movimentos sociais e educação, a conjuntura se complexificou no Brasil e no mundo. Fica claro a existência de dois grandes projetos societários: um projeto de acordo com os ditames do capital globalizado, do Deus Mercado, da competição e do individualismo, representado pela burguesia supranacional, tecido em um longo período histórico, que volta e meia, encontra-se em crise, pelas contradições por ele próprio gerado. Um sistema perverso e desumano, em que todos são tidos como mercadoria para alimentar a produção de bens materiais e imateriais, o consumo exacerbado e o lucro descomunal.
Special aspects of education, Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand