João P. Manaia, Guilherme Pedreiro, João Paulo Dias
et al.
The transition to electric mobility is essential for sustainable development, driving a sharp rise in battery use for electric vehicles (EVs). Once these batteries have reached the end of their first vehicle life cycle (1st EOL), they are no longer suitable for vehicle traction, but can be repurposed for less demanding applications before being recycled. This approach prolongs battery lifespan while yielding measurable environmental and economic benefits. However, the widespread repurposing of these batteries is limited by a lack of standardised certification procedures. This study proposes a certification methodology for second-life lithium-ion batteries, based on Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and the UL 1974 standard. The methodology comprises eight key steps to ensure safety, performance, and regulatory compliance for CE marking in the EU. A key step in the methodology is performance testing, which includes BMS functionality checks, open-circuit voltage, insulation resistance, capacity (via charge/discharge cycles), internal resistance, and self-discharge tests. These tests assess the battery’s state of health (SoH) and state of charge (SoC), enabling sorting and repurposing. A case study of a BMW plug-in hybrid battery module shows testing costs of 57.3–57.4 €/kWh, indicating economic feasibility. This work supports the safe and sustainable integration of repurposed EV batteries into new energy applications.
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade
El artículo profundiza en la relación entre historia, patrimonio y memoria, con sus respectivos tratamientos del pasado, ante el fenómeno de la desindustrialización en España durante el último medio siglo. Atento principalmente a la población trabajadora de las comarcas de tradición industrial, se detiene en algunas lagunas de conocimiento. Plantea la posibilidad de argumentar el reconocimiento de la clase obrera como patrimonio industrial inmaterial.
Farhad Jahangiri, Abolfazl Danaei, Mahsa Akbari
et al.
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Abstract</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">The purpose of this research is to design a model of the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain in critical situations. In the qualitative phase of the current research, the data were collected from a purposive sample of 10 experts. Given the limited number of qualified individuals, the entire population of experts was included in the study. In the quantitative phase, the target population comprised 500 employees of MAPNA Company. Using Cohen's table for sample size determination, a sample of 189 participants was selected. This research employs a fundamental-applied approach and follows an exploratory mixed-methods design, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data. The data collection method was based on survey research and the data collection instuments included interviews and questionnaires, the content validity of which was confirmed by experts, and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In the qualitative part of the study, meta-composite method and foundation data were used, through which 118 open codes, 43 central codes and 13 selective codes have been extracted in five general categories: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. Causal conditions include 2 selected codes, 8 concepts and 21 open codes, contextual conditions include 3 selected codes, 10 concepts and 25 open codes, intervening conditions include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts and 21 open codes, strategies include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts and 19 open codes, and consequences include 4 selected codes, 11 concepts and 32 open codes, which are the components of the paradigm model regarding the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain in critical conditions. Based on the output of the structural equations of the initial research model, its validity has been confirmed and the prioritization of the components of the mentioned model has been determined by a radar diagram of the research model. In this regard, technology risk tolerance was ranked first, liquidity cycle was ranked second, and collaboration and outsourcing were ranked third.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Key Words:</strong> resilient supply chain, digital supply chain, social media</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>1.Introduction</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Social media has dramatically changed the way organizations interact and communicate with customers. Digital media and the provision of cheap access to social networks have brought many opportunities and achievements for businesses. Undoubtedly, with reducing the cost of accessing audiences and customers, increasing the speed, accuracy and quality of communication, providing the possibility of more accurate measurement of the effectiveness of activities, the possibility of better and more effective management of crises, and in general, increasing the power of businesses in the fields of work, providing opportunities for taking ownership of a media can be very useful and effective in the success of today's organizations and businesses, and without a doubt, social networks and similar channels have provided them with a variety of tools, applications, and developers in order to advance the supply of various tools. Considering the significant impact that social media has on life and business processes in the third millennium and the rapid and impressive developments of information and communication technology in recent decades, significant and in some cases fundamental changes have been made in various relationships of today's societies.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>2.Literature Review</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">In today's world, changes in the economy and industry are happening at a faster rate than in the past. Due to globalization, countries are ingreasingly experiencing heightened levels of competition. Given the importance of supply chains and their effective management in creating competitive advantages, it is often said that competition between organizations has been replaced by the competition between supply chains. As a result, organizations are trying to improve their supply chain management to gain sustainable competitive advantages (Lee et al., 2018). Achieving this requires a fundamental transformation within the organization. Given the importance of conducting this research, coupled with the instability of conditions and significant changes in work processes, it is necessary for organizations to adapt the scope of their supply chain so that they can develop optimal strategies to stay at the top of the competition in volatile conditions.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Therefore, it is necessary for them to maintain their resilience in the mentioned conditions and be equipped with working methods suitable for the age of technology and new technologies (Singh et al., 2017). In other words, considering the significant impact that social media has on the processes of life and business in the third millennium and the rapid and impressive developments of information and communication technology in recent decades, there have been significant and in some cases fundamental changes in various relationships of today's societies (Labafi, 2018); Organizations and their communications have changed and the demands and expectations of customers have undergone many changes. Knowing the fact that the use of digital technologies in processes creates competitive advantages for businesses and organizations (Samizadeh, 2020), we can conclude that the implementation and use of the digital supply chain is undoubtedly a significant option for organizations and businesses. This work aimed to minimize financial and time costs while enhancing productivity in the production process until the final delivery of goods and services to customers (Azer & Khorrami, 2021). By comparing the key features of the digital supply chain with the traditional supply chain, it can be seen that the results of the presence of digital technologies in the supply chain processes for organizations and businesses will be brilliant and efficient beyond imagination (Mehrabi, 2016). The smallest disruption in the process of a supply chain can be likened to a fault. A fault whose gap and depth can increase moment by moment (Manogran et al., 2018).</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>3.Methodology</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">In the present study, the researcher sought to provide a model for the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain in critical conditions. In this research, the metacomposite method has been used to present the model. In the qualitative part of the study 10 experts participated through the whole number selection, and the quantitative part included 500 employees of MAPNA company, based on Cohen's sample size table. The investigation began with an extensive review of the related existing literature (referring to documents and five non-Iranian databases of ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Emerald, and three Iranian databases CIVILICA, Magiran and SID). The total number of articles found considering the input criteria was 163 studies (Persian and English). After reviewing all the studies and evaluiating them based on content criteria and accessibility, the final results were extracted from 19 studies (14 English studies and 5 Persian studies) which were reviewed and analyzed. Then, in order to confirm the extracted factors, an interview was arranged with the relevant experts (including experts and specialists of the digital supply chain and social media and top managers of MAPNA Company) and the importance coefficient of each factor was determined.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>4.Result</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">According to the results, 118open codes, 43 central codes and 13 selective codes were extracted. Thirteen selective codes of the study were placed in five general categories including causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. Causal conditions include 2 selected codes, 8 concepts and 21 open codes, contextual conditions include 3 selected codes, 10 concepts and 25 open codes, intervening conditions include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts and 21 open codes, strategies include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts and 19 open codes, and the consequences include 4 selected codes, 11 concepts and 32 open codes, which are the components of the paradigm model regarding the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain in critical conditions. Based on the output of the structural equations of the initial research model, its validity has been confirmed and the prioritization of the components of the mentioned model has been determined by a radar diagram of the research model. In this regard, technology risk tolerance was ranked first, liquidity cycle was ranked second, and collaboration and outsourcing were ranked third.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>5.Conclusion</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">According to the obtained results and the importance of the topic under study, the role of social media and the implementation of digital transformation in organizations as an undeniable competitive advantage has been noticed by senior managers of organizations and businesses. Digitalization of the supply chain will bring revolutionary changes. New technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things can help solve these problems. In fact, digitization can enhance supply chain visibility and the use of advanced digital technologies enables modularization, simplicity and standardization of products and processes. Companies must recognize the benefits of innovative business models that add value to their product portfolio and create new demand channels for more digital customers. In fact, investing and deploying new technologies by increasing access to information, reducing costs, improving product quality, and increasing responsiveness and collaboration capabilities provide a long-term competitive advantage for business supply chains even in critical situations.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Conflict of interest: none</strong></p>
Stanislav Eroshenko, Evgeniy Shmakov, Dmitry Klimenko
et al.
This paper explores the application of conceptual hydrological models in optimizing the operation of hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) in steppe regions, a crucial aspect of promoting low-carbon energy solutions. The study aims to identify the most suitable conceptual hydrological model for predicting reservoir inflows from multiple catchments in a steppe region, where spring runoff dominates the annual water volume and requires careful consideration of snowfall. Two well-known conceptual models, HBV and GR6J-CemaNeige, which incorporate snow-melting processes, were evaluated. The research also investigated the best approach to preprocessing historical data to enhance model accuracy. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of accurately defining low-water periods to ensure reliable HPP operation through more accurate inflow forecasting. A hypothesis was proposed to explore the relationship between atmospheric circulation and the definition of low-water periods; however, the findings did not support this hypothesis. Overall, the results suggest that combining the conceptual models under consideration can lead to more accurate forecasts, underscoring the need for integrated approaches in managing HPP reservoirs and promoting sustainable energy production.
Engineering machinery, tools, and implements, Technological innovations. Automation
Hayel Alserhan, Beldjazia Omar, Nisreen Falaki
et al.
As the workforce worldwide goes through a transformative shift towards remote work, this paper discusses the positive effects of this quite flexible work arrangement on team’s innovation performance (TIP) in multinational, non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Adopting cross-sectional, quantitative research design, empirical data were collected through a survey of 268 employees of multinational NGOs operating in Jordan. The collected data were, then, analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis showed that remote work has significant, positive effects on TIP in NGOs. Of the various remote work features investigated, spatial flexibility has the highest effect. The study results contribute to the ongoing discourse on the future of the work styles and have implications for leaders, policymakers, and practitioners who seek promoting innovation in multinational NGOs.
Social Sciences, Management. Industrial management
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of the learning performance of the student on the relationship of teacher’s competencies and student satisfaction in higher education institutions of Karachi.
Methodology:
Three different scales namely SETs, Teaching Competence scale, and learning performance scale were used to measure student satisfaction, teaching competencies, and performance learning of students respectively. A survey method was used to collect firsthand data from tier3 universities of Karachi.
Findings:
The positive impact of teachers’ competencies on student satisfaction has been observed. The result shows that the learning performance of students is partially moderating the relationship.
Conclusion:
The study concluded that there is a significant positive impact of teacher’s competencies on student satisfaction. The higher teaching competencies lead to greater student satisfaction. Also Learning performance of students from tier3 universities of Karachi has a significant impact on the relationship between student satisfaction and teacher’s competence.
José Augusto Carvalho de Araújo, Rodrigo Constante Martins
A transumância se configura como saberes e práticas criativas e criadoras de uma identidade cultural local dos ribeirinhos na busca de se apropriarem de outra parte do território que não foi afetado pelas cheias. Nesse sentido, o ribeirinho da cidade fica sem muita opção de escolha em relação à sua mobilidade e ao uso adequado do território das águas. Portanto, torna-se importante compreender as dimensões sociais e ambientais de ribeirinhos que se “retroalimentam” das cheias e vazantes, mesmo em condições adversas. A pesquisa foi realizada em Marabá no período das cheias, entre os meses de fevereiro a abril de 2014, quando foram aplicadas 21 entrevistas, nos abrigos temporários, distribuídos entre os localizados na folha 33 e o da feirinha.
Helder Cássio de Oliveira, Kelli Carneiro de Freitas Nakata, Luisa Daige Marques
Objetivo: Demonstrar o impacto econômico, sob a perspectiva da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de Mato Grosso, das atividades desenvolvidas por uma Comissão Permanente de Farmácia e Terapêutica (CPFT-MT) com atuação transparente e fundamentada na avaliação de tecnologias em saúde. Métodos: Avaliou- -se o comportamento dos gastos com medicamentos não constantes nas listas de medicamentos essenciais do Sistema Único de Saúde durante e após a vigência de uma via administrativa planejada para dar acesso a população a esse tipo de medicamentos. Foram levantados os gastos com desembolsos diretos para aquisição de medicamentos destinados a atender a Portaria Estadual nº 172/2010 e ações judiciais com auxílio do Sistema Integrado de Planejamento, Contabilidade e Finanças (FIPLAN). Com a finalidade de trazer os valores gastos para os dias atuais, aplicou-se um ajuste inflacionário com base no Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA). Resultados: Os achados apontaram para gastos médios anuais expressivos e constantes com medicamentos não selecionados durante a vigência da via administrativa com consequente redução de gastos com ações judiciais a partir de sua revogação. Período este coincidente com a entrega de diversos trabalhos da CPFT-MT, especialmente a lista estadual de medicamentos e construção e atualização de protocolos clínicos estaduais, resultando em uma economia para o estado de R$ 6.222.196,90 (53,1%). Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para que uma comissão de farmácia e terapêutica capacitada e atuante, com apoio da gestão, pode contribuir para uma melhor utilização dos recursos financeiros e cooperar com uso racional de tecnologias em saúde.
Pharmacy and materia medica, Pharmaceutical industry
Y. Valachovic, Lenya Quinn-Davidson, J. Stackhouse
et al.
Cannabis is often grown on agricultural and forest lands in California, but little is known about the adjustments that traditional agriculture and timber producers are making to their livelihoods as cannabis becomes legal under state law. Our goal in this research was to better understand how larger landowners, whose families have often produced timber and cattle for generations, are experiencing increased cannabis production in their areas — and also to better understand these landowners' perceptions of the impacts of cannabis, whether positive or negative, on their communities. To accomplish this, we surveyed landowners who owned at least 500 acres in Humboldt County, an area that — more than 40 years ago — became one of the first California counties to begin experiencing expansive cannabis cultivation. Of the 211 landowners we invited to complete a survey, 71 responded, providing insights into their experiences with and perceptions of cannabis production. Many survey respondents reported illegal cultivation on their properties, problems with shared roads and other direct negative effects of cannabis production. Most landowners also reported that cannabis production has increased the cost of labor, though they acknowledge that it has increased the value of their property as well. Survey respondents, however, have not changed their views of cannabis with legalization. The findings of this study illustrate some of the challenges involved in developing land use ordinances and other policies that can support multiple industries whose interests may be in competition.
The exercise of reading reflective data coming from training activities with educators who work in prison schools guides the arguments and propositions of this paper, to broaden the aim in the field of teacher training. Being a teacher in the context of deprivation of liberty is to work with diversity, fear, facing tense situations of the criminal world and bet on humans – these skills require very different learnings from those offered in initial training. The prison setting is unique: it features needs from the students’ school life, their social and cultural histories, alongside issues relating to violence and crime – this context has specific characteristics that emphasize the relevance of continuous training. The analysis of reflective data, from field diaries, teachers’ reports, participant observation, conversation rounds, indicate that the teacher should promote educational situations beyond school curriculum, which rescue students for the historical dimension in the present, and the wishes and dreams in the future. Therefore, the principles of continuous training – learning collaboratively with peers, knowing the context, collectively solving problem situations, sharing successes and failures, taking the risk of innovation, participating in the design of educational policies – are the tools that can guide the improvements of school education in prisons.
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O exercício de leitura de dados reflexivos advindos de atividades formativas com educadores que atuam em escolas nas prisões norteia as argumentações e as proposições deste artigo, com vistas a ampliar a mirada no campo da formação de professores. Ser professor nos contextos de privação de liberdade é trabalhar com a diversidade, o medo, enfrentar as situações tensas do mundo do crime e apostar no ser humano – essas habilidades exigem aprendizagens de outra natureza, diferentes daquelas oferecidas na formação inicial. O cenário da prisão é singular, apresenta necessidades advindas da trajetória escolar dos estudantes, sua história social e cultural, ao lado de questões vinculadas à violência e ao delito – esse contexto tem especificidades que enfatizam a relevância da formação continuada. A análise dos dados reflexivos advindos de anotações em diários de campo, relatos de professores, observação participante, rodas de conversa indica que cabe ao professor promover situações educativas para além dos conteúdos escolares, que resgatem nos estudantes a dimensão histórica no presente e os desejos e os sonhos do futuro. Para tanto, os princípios da formação permanente – aprender de forma colaborativa com os pares, conhecer o contexto, resolver as situações-problema coletivamente, compartilhar sucessos e fracassos, assumir o risco da inovação, participar no desenho das políticas educativas – constituem ferramentas que podem balizar a melhoria da educação escolar nas prisões.
Special aspects of education, Labor. Work. Working class
Scaled-down flume tests are largely used to support investigations for the assessment of hydrogeological risk. Achieved outcomes can be integrated to numerical analyses for the study of unstable slope collapse, debris transport, and hydrological models in general. In the set-up of such simulation platforms, a relevant role has to be given to the Spatial Sensor Network (SSN) which is in charge of collecting geo-referenced, quantitative information during experiments. Photogrammetry (including 3-D imaging sensors) can play an important role in SSN because of its capability of collecting information covering wide surfaces without any contact. The aim of this paper is to give an overview and some examples of the potential of photogrammetry in hydrogeological simulation experiments. After a general introduction on a few preliminary issues (sensors, calibration, ground reference, usage of imaging or ranging sensors), potential applications are classified into 2-D and 3-D categories. Examples are focused on a scaled-down landslide simulation platform, which has been developed at Tongji University (Shanghai, P.R. China).
O objetivo do artigo é traçar o perfil dos ocupados no mercado de trabalho paranaense no período de 2003 a 2012 a partir dos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Os resultados evidenciaram que o mercado de trabalho no Paraná é predominantemente ocupado por indivíduos do gênero masculino, pertencentes ao mercado formal e de cor da pele branca. A participação das mulheres, pessoas não jovens e indivíduos qualificados entre os ocupados foi ampliada. Indivíduos qualificados exercem usualmente atividades em setores relacionados às ciências e artes, enquanto os não qualificados trabalham naquelas relacionadas à produção ou ao setor de serviços.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economics as a science
Addel Arnaldo Goya Jorge, Deborah Galpert Cañizares, Felipe Antonio Enríquez Rodríguez
El problema de desbalance en la clasificación se presenta en conjuntos de datos que tienen una cantidad grande de datos de cierto tipo (clase mayoritaria), mientras que el número de datos del tipo contrario es considerablemente menor (clase minoritaria). En este artículo se hace un breve resumen de la teoría de conjuntos aproximados basados en relaciones de similitud para su utilización en la implementación en Weka de tres filtros para tratar el problema de desbalance de clases. Luego se realiza un análisis de los resultados en dos conjuntos de datos para probar su validación, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios.
English abstract
The class imbalance problem is shown in datasets which have a great amount of data of a certain type (majority class), whilst in the case of the contrary data type it is considerably less (minority class). In this paper, a brief summary of the rough set theory is made based in similarity relations for its use on three filters Weka for class imbalance management. Finally, an analysis of the results in both sets of data is made in order to prove its validation, obtaining satisfying results.