Hasil untuk "Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention"

Elvis Karikari Mensah, Reginald Hammah, Hassan Basahel et al.

The stability of rock slopes is a critical concern in rock engineering applications due to the potential safety hazards and economic repercussions associated with slope failures. Currently, slope stability analysis relies on various analytical and numerical modeling tools leading to a factor of safety. Parameters such as joint strength are assessed through probabilistic analysis. Despite the established effectiveness of these methods, they often lack the capability to provide a volumetric estimation of the failure zone, primarily because the joint frequency parameter is not considered. By incorporating this parameter, it becomes feasible to construct a three-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN), which offers a more comprehensive representation of the rock slope structure. This study aims to validate the use of DFN in civil engineering applications using two road-cut case studies from Saudi Arabia. Both case studies are analyzed with the conventional methods and DFN approaches, allowing for a comparative assessment of results. DFN models optimize the utilization of statistical data related to discontinuity persistence and spacing, enabling the construction of both deterministic and stochastic fracture networks. The effects of joint spacing and persistence on the factor of safety and volume of failure are examined. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the DFN on rock slope stability are highlighted and areas for improvement and optimization are discussed.

S. M. Ashif Hossain, Allen Yin, Thomas K. Ferris

(1) Background: The safe execution of heavy machinery operations and high-risk construction tasks requires operators to manage multiple tasks, with a constant awareness of coworkers and hazards. With high demands on visual and auditory resources, vibrotactile feedback systems offer a solution to enhance awareness without overburdening vision or hearing. (2) Aim: This study evaluates the impact of vibrotactile feedback regarding proximity to hazards on multitasking performance and cognitive workload in order to support hazard awareness in a controlled task environment. (3) Method: Twenty-four participants performed a joystick-controlled navigation task and a concurrent mental spatial rotation task. Proximity to hazards in the navigation task was conveyed via different encodings of vibrotactile feedback: No Vibration, Intensity-Modulation, Pulse Duration, and Pulse Spacing. Performance metrics, including obstacle collisions, target hits, contact time, and accuracy, were assessed alongside perceived workload. (4) Results: Intensity-Modulated feedback reduced obstacle collisions and proximity time, while lowering workload, compared to No Vibration. No significant effects were found on spatial rotation accuracy, indicating that vibrotactile feedback effectively guides navigation and supports spatial awareness. (5) Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of vibrotactile feedback to improve navigation performance and hazard awareness, offering valuable insights into multimodal safety systems in high-demand environments.

Sebastian Glowinski, Slawomir Majdanik

The popularity of ultralight planes in non-commercial aviation is on the rise; however, non-compliance with regulations and the use of faulty equipment poses significant risks. This study explores the consequences of such lapses in adherence to safety standards by thoroughly examining the conditions leading to an ultralight plane crash, focusing on data related to causative factors. The accident involved an unregistered ultralight aircraft, lacking proper inspection and the required license. The pilot’s error during takeoff led to a stall, resulting in a fatal crash. Upon impact with the ground, the pilot’s shoulder and lap belts were torn off, leading to immediate death. This case underscores the critical importance of compliance with safety regulations in ultralight aviation. The findings illuminate the dire consequences of non-compliance with safety regulations and the utilization of unregistered, uninspected ultralight aircraft in private aviation. The tragic accident analyzed herein underscores the pivotal role of adherence to safety standards in mitigating the risks associated with ultralight planes. The pilot’s fatal error during takeoff, compounded by the absence of proper inspection and licensing, serves as a stark reminder of the potential dangers inherent in neglecting established safety protocols.

Mykhailo Strelbitskyi , Valentyn Mazur , Volodymyr Lemeshko et al.

Ключовою умовою досягнення успіху будь-яким суб’єктом господарювання (підприємством, установою, організацією і, зокрема, прикордонним підрозділом) є відповідність його організаційної структури визначеним місії (головній меті), цілям і функціональним завданням. Завдяки раціональній організаційній структурі, такий суб’єкт господарювання може гнучко реагувати на виклики та загрози і ефективно функціонувати у разі зміни обстановки. Якісне та повне виконання оперативно-службових завдань прикордонним підрозділом залежить від ситуації на державному кордоні України, організаційно-штатної структури прикордонного підрозділу, належної укомплектованості силами та засобами (вогнева міць, мобільність, автономність тощо), а також – рівня підготовки особового складу з виконання завдань за призначенням. Разом із тим, характер факторів, що впливають на ефективність виконання функціональних завдань прикордонним підрозділом є різнотипним: детермінованим і ймовірнісним. Метою статті є розроблення концептуальних підходів до формування організаційної структури прикордонного підрозділу на основі ймовірності успішного виконання завдань в умовах ресурсної невизначеності. У процесі дослідження були застосовані методи системного аналізу, що дали змогу визначити внутрішню структуру та взаємозв’язки прикордонного підрозділу із зовнішніми системами. За допомогою індуктивного та дедуктивного методів, розроблено типову схему формування організаційної структури суб’єкта господарювання та параметри ймовірнісної моделі. Використовуючи означені методи було визначено структурну взаємодію підрозділу Державної прикордонної служби України та застосовано ймовірнісно-детермінований підхід до процесу формування його організаційної структури. У статті проаналізовано існуючі підходи до формування організаційної структури підрозділів Державної прикордонної служби України. З’ясовано, що перелік функціональних завдань, які ставляться перед прикордонним підрозділом, є досить загальним. Декомпозиція завдань та їх проєкція на організаційну структуру носить нечіткий характер, який містить ймовірнісну складову. Акцентовано увагу, на значному впливі випадкових зовнішніх чинників на функціонування прикордонного підрозділу, що розглядається як система. Ключовим підходом, що пропонується, є визначення ефективності функціонування прикордонного підрозділу як ймовірність успішного виконання ним завдань в умовах обмежених ресурсів і лімітованого часу. В статті запропоновано розглядати величину забезпеченості ресурсами (в тому числі часовими) як таку, що має ймовірнісний характер. Отже, суть концептуального підходу до оцінювання ефективності функціонування прикордонного підрозділу полягає у визначенні ймовірності успішного виконання завдань в умовах ресурсної невизначеності. Використання такого підходу до оцінювання ефективності підрозділу дасть змогу провести моделювання його діяльності і визначити внутрішню структуру та взаємозв’язки із зовнішніми системами. В статті також розроблено типову схему формування організаційної структури суб’єкта господарювання та параметрів ймовірнісної моделі, показано їх структурну взаємодію. Зазначена схема є етапом ітераційного процесу уточнення та пошуку найбільш раціональної організаційної структури суб’єкта господарювання загалом. Водночас, у дослідженні запропоновано ймовірнісно-детермінований підхід до процесу формування організаційної структури прикордонного підрозділу. Науковою новизною дослідження є вдосконалення методу оцінювання ефективності суб’єктів господарювання шляхом зміни характеру ресурсного забезпечення з детермінованого на ймовірнісний. Теоретичною значущістю дослідження є застосування ймовірнісно-детермінованого підходу до процесу формування організаційної структури прикордонного підрозділу, зокрема, розробка показника ефективності функціонування прикордонного підрозділу, що є підґрунтям для опису методу аналізу організаційної структури в умовах ресурсної невизначеності. Практичне значення статті полягає у можливості наближення параметрів моделі функціонування суб’єктів господарювання до їх реальних характеристик, що дасть змогу розглянути варіанти структури підрозділів у різних умовах.

Miskeen Ali Gopang, Tauha Hussain Ali, Shakeel Ahmed Shaikh

Protecting people from the risks associated with products is a critical concern in today’s economy. Pakistan, being the world’s fifth most populous country, lacks the framework of warning labels and therefore faces a significant gap in product warning labels. Pakistan is a representative of a number of countries that export a variety of products to Pakistan; however, warning labels on these goods are typically in English, which might mislead people of Pakistan in perceiving the hazard level. It is therefore imperative to conduct research into the non-textual and cross-cultural understanding of labels from the perspective of Pakistan. This study examined the applicability of ANSI Z535.4 in the context of Pakistan. A total of 66 (34 male and 32 female) undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.5 participated in this study. A meticulous experiment was designed using a nine-point rating scale with anchors on both sides, where one represented ‘not at all hazardous’ and nine represented ‘extremely hazardous’. Participants rated each component of warning labels, i.e., color, symbol, signal words, and their complex configurations. The results showed alignment with the ANSI Z535.4 standards for some components (i.e., colors, symbols, and signal words) and complex configurations, whereas no significant difference was found in perceived hazard levels between green (M = 3.167), blue (M = 3.591, and yellow (M = 3.652) colors, with a <i>p</i>-value greater than 0.05. Participants did not differentiate significantly between signal words, i.e., caution (M = 5.182) and warning (M = 5.879). Participants also did not differentiate significantly between complex configurations, i.e., safety alert–caution–yellow (M = 5.076) and safety alert–warning–orange (M = 5.197), with <i>p</i>-values greater than 0.05. These results state that discrepancies in the perception of warning labels exist. This study is the first of its kind conducted in the context of Pakistan, which will help policy makers to consider the findings before implementing a policy. In fact, differences in perception could result in failure to take appropriate precautions. Nonetheless, these nuances can be overcome with proper awareness through training for the people.

R. Amalberti, Y. Auroy, D. Berwick et al.

Wahdah Dhiyaul Akrimah, Irlangga Wisnu Wardana, Abdul Rohim Tualeka

Introduction: Non-operational employees of the Terminal Jamrud Surabaya are faced with various work-related issues while performing their duties which can be stressful due to work demands, relationships with many parties, and workloads. This study analyzes the relationship between mental workload and work factors (role ambiguity, role conflict, job insecurity, and interpersonal conflict) with occupational stress for non-operational office employees at Terminal Jamrud Surabaya. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used in this study is total sampling. The sample for this study were all employees of the Terminal Jamrud Surabaya office, up to 30 people. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire to assess stress levels and work factors variables. The mental workload was measured using the NASA - Task Load Index questionnaire. Results: The employees mostly have a mental workload, role ambiguity, role conflict, and interpersonal conflict in the moderate category, while the majority of office employees have job insecurity at a low level. Meanwhile, the stress levels felt by employees were mainly in the moderate category. The strong relationship between mental workload with occupational stress is 0.634, while work factors with stress levels consist of role ambiguity (r=0.523), role conflict (r=0.468), job insecurity (r=0.075), and interpersonal conflict (r=0.445). Conclusion: Variables that have a strong relationship are mental workload variables with stress levels in non-operational office employees at Terminal Jamrud Surabaya, PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III.

Ivan Neshcheret , Kirilo Zlobin , Yuri Tsykalo

Сьогодні, приймально-передавальна апаратура зазнала суттєвого розвитку, здебільшого, завдяки цифровізації. Цифрова техніка стає все популярнішою під час прийому й передачі інформації. Восьмирозрядні мікроконтролери (наприклад, nRF24L01) володіють достатньою швидкістю обробки даних. Забезпечивши аналого-цифрове перетворення та маючи можливості в програмуванні даних мікроконтролерів, відкриваються перспективи для реалізації трансивера. Серія виробів провідної корпорації Nordic Semiconductor містять вбудовані високопродуктивні мультиплексори, що з’єднані з Flash-пам’яттю (ядром) мікроконтролера індустріального стандарту 8052 (наприклад, nRF24L01), та підтримує декілька стандартів конфігурації послідовного порту. Ці вироби є першими інтегрованими схемами, які можна назвати «інтелектуальними прийомо-передавачами» для систем збирання та обробки даних на одному кристалі. На першому етапі обробка фізичних сигналів полягає в необхідності отримання інформації, що міститься в них. Ця інформація наявна в амплітуді сигналу, в частоті або спектральному складі, у фазі чи у відносних часових залежностях декількох сигналів. У деяких випадках бажано змінити формат інформації, яка знаходиться в пакеті сигналу. Наприклад, зміна формату відбувається під час передавання звукового сигналу в телефонній системі з багатоканальним доступом і частотним розділенням. У випадку цифрового зв’язку аналогова звукова інформація спочатку перетворюється на цифрову за допомогою аналого-цифрового перетворювача. Цифрова інформація, що втілює в собі індивідуальні звукові канали, мультиплексується (багатоканальний доступ з часовим розділенням (TDMA)) та передається через послідовну цифрову лінію зв’язку. Метою статті є проведення аналізу особливостей побудови та надання рекомендації щодо застосування радіомодуля nRF24L01 у техніці військового призначення, а також – порівняння основних принципів та стандартів моделювання сигналів і завад в електронних системах, принципів дискретизації, кодування сигналів.

Kym Bills, Leesa Costello, Marcus Cattani

Barry Turner’s 1978 <i>Man-made Disasters</i> and Charles Perrow’s 1984 <i>Normal Accidents</i> were seminal books but a detailed comparison has yet to be undertaken. Doing so is important to establish content and priority of key ideas underpinning contemporary safety science. Turner’s research found socio-technical and systemic patterns that meant that major organisational disasters could be foreseen and were preventable. Perrow’s macro-structuralist industry focus was on technologically deterministic but unpredictable and unpreventable “system” accidents, particularly rare catastrophes. Andrew Hopkins and Nick Pidgeon respectively suggested that some prominent writers who wrote after Turner may not have been aware of, or did not properly acknowledge, Turner’s work. Using a methodology involving systematic reading and historical, biographical and thematic theory analysis, a detailed review of Turner’s and Perrow’s backgrounds and publications sheds new light on Turner’s priority and accomplishment, highlighting substantial similarities as well as clear differences. <i>Normal Accidents</i> did not cite Turner in 1984 or when republished with major additions in 1999. Turner became better known after a 1997 second edition of <i>Man-made Disasters</i> but under-acknowledgment issues by Perrow and others continued. Ethical citation and potential reasons for under-acknowledgment are discussed together with lessons applicable more broadly. It is concluded that Turner’s foundational importance for safety science should be better recognised.

Tao Zeng, Guohua Chen, Genserik Reniers

Industrial accidents triggered by natural disasters (Natech events) pose huge threats to chemical clusters. Flood is a significant cause of Natech events, the interactions between flood and chemical installations may lead to complex accident scenarios. However, the chemical clusters are often not well prepared for flood Natech events due to the lack of guidance on how to implement prevention and mitigation measures. In this paper, the characteristics of flood Natech events are firstly discussed, which provide a clear understanding of accident evolution. Based on the review of several Chinese standards related to flood prevention in chemical clusters, corresponding requirements are summarized. The requirements mainly focus on the planning and design stages. To cope with flood Natech events in a long-term vision, a comprehensive safety framework for chemical clusters is proposed in this article considering a resilient viewpoint, in which different roles of government, chemical cluster, and chemical plant are discussed. Moreover, three sub-models are divided to manage safety measures before, during, and after accidents, contributing to improving the resisting ability, adaptability, and recoverability of chemical clusters to flood Natech events, respectively.

Qian Zhang

The new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are developing vigorously. The integration of automobiles with the energy, communications and other industries has been accelerated, and profound changes have taken place in automobile product forms, transportation modes, energy consumption structure and social operation modes, and the new-energy automobile industry is facing unprecedented opportunities for development. However, lithium battery, the main component of new energy vehicles, has become a power source and an energy storage power source for peak-frequency modulation due to its advantages of high voltage, good cycling performance, high specific energy and small environmental pollution. With the development of new battery material technology, the energy density and electrochemical performance of batteries have been greatly improved, but this often leads to the decrease of safety performance, resulting in frequent fire accidents of lithium batteries. In this paper, the fire causes of lithium batteries are analyzed and the frontier research on fire causes of lithium batteries is described. Secondly, the combustion mechanism of lithium battery is analyzed, including the process of thermal runaway and diffusion. Thirdly, the improvement measures in material, technology, design and control system of lithium battery are put forward. It is hoped that these Suggestions can promote the prevention of spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries.

P. Lunetta, K. Haikonen

Abstract Objective WHO mortality statistics overlook land motor-vehicle accident (LMVA)-related drowning. The aim of the study was to provide an overview of the prevalence and trends of fatal LMVA-related drowning in Finland, plus the main crash settings, victims’ demographic characteristics, and contributing factors leading to such deaths. Methods A descriptive, retrospective, population-based study of drowning deaths associated with LMVA among Finnish residents of all ages, 1971–2013. LMVA-related drownings and applicable variables were extracted from the Statistics Finland (SF) mortality database by cross-analysis of ICD injury- and external cause-of-death codes. Results During the study period, 538 LMVAs leading to drowning occurred among Finnish residents (2.5/1 000 000/year; 4.9% of all unintentional drownings, 3.7% of all LMVA). Three main settings, ones responsible for over 95% of LMVA-related drownings, were recognized: traffic vehicle accidents involving a passenger car; non-traffic vehicle accident involving a snowmobile; and non-traffic accidents involving agricultural, industrial, or construction vehicles. Alcohol use was a contributing factor for death in > 40% of the victims, whereas severe injuries were reported in less than 6%. Conclusion Because transport safety is crucial to prevent any vehicle entering the water, placing LMVA-related drowning in the category of transport accidents is warranted. Once the vehicle becomes submersed, however, prevention measures to avoid death by drowning remains decisive.

A. Agrawal, S. Bhoi, S. Galwankar et al.

Any and all advances made by medical science cannot solve the problem of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in school-going children, especially if the only concerned people are those of the medical fraternity. Children are a vulnerable part of the traveling population and thus have been persistent due to the callous nature of the citizens and policy makers toward road safety and injury prevention. In our multicultural and multilingual country, there is a need for multistakeholder initiative with a countrywide presence if we are to stem the rise of mortality and morbidity due to these accidents. The first question we need to ask is how to prevent road traffic accidents and improve the condition of our roads. Pediatric RTIs are eternal problem of industrial revolution with complications and effects that may affect individual and society with increase in the number of motorized communications. Dedicated capacity building is urgently need who should be able to provide the necessary care to the injured children at the road crash spot as well as should be informed where to take the injured child and whom to contact in the dedicated injury care center while transporting the victims of situations.

Matteo Iaiani, Alessandro Tugnoli, G. Landucci et al.

N. Izadi, O. Aminian, Bahador Esmaeili

Background: Although much is known about the distribution of occupational accidents in the world, less is known about occupational injuries in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the trend of occupational accidents during 10 years (2007-2016) and to find factors affecting the accident outcome. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was done based on the data gathered by the Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO), including demographic data (age, sex, marital status) and occupational accident characteristics (accident sector, cause, type, body part, location, time, month, and incident outcome). Result: A decreasing pattern of occupational accidents was found from 2.95 per 1000 workers in 2007 to 1.46 per 1000 workers in 2016. The mean age of injured workers was 32.97 years. The most common cause and type of accidents were incaution and lack of attention and collision, and trapping, respectively. Limbs were the most affected body parts, and less than 1% of occupational accidents resulted in death. The highest incident was seen in the industrial sector during all years. More severe accident outcomes were seen at older ages and in the male gender, married subjects, winter season, agriculture sector, and outside of work place. Conclusion: These results provide a basis for further investigations regarding data collection and accident causes. Modification of some associated factors and implementation of safety prevention programs would be useful in reducing occupational accidents in Iran.

Lusha Ayu Astari

One of the prevention of workplace accidents is to use a personal protective equipment (PPE), but there are still many workers who do not want to use it for various reasons. OHS communication media is one way to improved knowledge and attitudes of workers used PPE. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between the number of OHS communication media that respondents received with the knowledge and attitude of the PPE. The study design was cross-sectional. Determination of the number of respondents used total sampling methods and get 48 respondents. Data collected by interview used a questionnaire and observation with the checklist that refers to the Workplace Safety and Health for Industrial Marine. The result of knowledge level about PPE of 88% of respondents has been good and 65% of respondents had a positive attitude to the use of PPE. OHS media communication that given by company include in enough category (73%) and the result of analysis OHS communication media with knowledge about PPE used contingency coefficient has a value of 0.412, while analysis OHS communication media with the attitude factor has a value 0,204. In conclusion, the number of OHS communications media received by employees with the level of knowledge have a moderate relationship and the number of OHS communication media received by employees with the attitude of the PPE have a weak relationship.

Aulia Tjahayuningtyas

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is a disorder or damage to the joints, ligaments, muscles and other skeletal systems due to unnatural or awkward body position especially if carried on for a long duration. Complaints of MSDs are influenced by internal factors (age, work durration, exercise habits, and body mass index) and external factors (work position and workload). The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between internal and external factors on complaints of MSDs to workers in the informal sector. The research design was crossectional approach. Data was analyzed by chi-square. The results of this study to 38 workers show that age (p = 0.102), exercise habits (p = 0.297), BMI (p = 0.332) and work positions (p = 0.864) have no relation to MSDs complaints while work durration (p = 0.019) and energy expenditure (p = 0.000) has a relationship with MSDs complaints. The conclusions of this research was that workload durration and cooking workload have a relationship with the complaints of MSDs in informal workers. Based on the level of MSDs complaint, mostly, workers felt the complaint on the right hand wrist (86%) and right foot (68%). It is recommended to informal workers to stretch the muscles on the sidelines of doing the work so that MSDs complaints can be minimized. Keywords: cooking work load, informal worker, manufacturing industry of tofu, subjective complaint of MSDs

Cem Sensogut, Ozer Oren, Yasar Kasap

Developments of countries are interpreted through many parameters. One of the most important parameters according to the order of importance is perhaps the occupational accidents. Especially in recent years, work related (or occupational) accidents occurred at different sectors did not decrease; they even increased despite the developments in the technology and emphasis made on the regulations. This situation can be interpreted as an open debate in which the employees still do not internalize the work they do. Often, enterprises do not choose the right personnel for the job or the personnel chosen are not oriented to the work with the through proper methods. When the mining sector is taken into account, this problem becomes even clearer. Among the many reasons for this problem, it can firstly be mentioned about the difficulty of employing qualified and well-educated personnel. Since the enterprises do not have many options in the solution of this problem, their approach to work accidents should be institutionally a highest priority. During this process they must also use proactive approaches. For example, all accidents and occupational diseases should be recorded, possible causes of them should be put forth, and statistical analysis should be conducted to guide the future of the institution. In this study, the work accidents took place in both underground and surface facilities at Western Lignite Corporation (WLC) which is one of the most important lignite producers in Turkey between the years 2014 and 2018 were analyzed by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The types of accidents were also examined and interpreted using the information obtained from the calculation of accident frequency, accident weight and accident probability rates. With the sensitivity analysis realized, it was tried to draw attention to the occupational safety measures to be made in the future.

E. V. Bobrinev, E. Yu. Udavtsova, A. A. Kondashov

The article describes the main indicators of the situation with fires in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.Their comparative analysis with values of indicators of a situation with fires across Russia and the southern Federal district is carried out.It is shown that the average number of fires (per 1,000 people) in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol is less than in the southern Federal district and the Russian Federation as a whole in 2017. On the basis of the conducted research the directions of increase of combat readiness to performance of tasks on purpose of divisions of fire protection of the Crimean Peninsula are defined.

Leidy Caterín Torres Satizábal, Michael Josseph Sanabria, G. DianaAlexandraGómez