As a dynamic literary form, the short story offers literary scholarship a unique opportunity to explore the complex tension between tradition and innovation. The interplay between historical continuity and poetic variability becomes particularly evident in the genre of the short story cycle, which integrates the poetic logic of both the classical short story and the novel. This study examines how the short story cycle emerges as a literary form of fragmentation, intertextuality, and narrative openness through the analysis of two contemporary Hungarian short story collections: László Csabai’s Szindbád, a detektív [Szindbád, the Detective] and Ádám Bodor’s Verhovina madarai [The Birds of Verhovina]. The investigation focuses on the adaptive potential and cultural mediating function of the short story genre, with special attention to the world-building models, cyclic composition strategies, and meaning-generating structures of contemporary texts.
History of Central Europe, Language and Literature
This study analyses the practice of drafting wills in early modern urban communities in the royal towns of Most and Ústí nad Labem, as well as in the imperial city of Schweinfurt, at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. Based on the analysis of wills recorded in municipal testamentary registers, the article provides insights into property distribution, family structures, and social customs related to inheritance. The study compares the formal aspects of wills, taking into account the role of municipal authorities, the influence of religious beliefs, and the scope of women’s decision-making in the process of drafting wills. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of early modern legal culture and the social history of Central Europe.
The paper discusses Fall River by Alexander Motyl as a novel about history and family saga. The novel entwines the past of 20th-century East-Central Europe with the individual experiences of its protagonists—Mike/Mychasko, Manya, and Stefa. They continue the American history of the family, which started in 1913 when their parents-to-be arrived from Galicia to Fall River, Mass., to leave it for Europe ten years later. The life of the three siblings epitomizes the dramatic history of Eastern Galicia and the pre-and post-WWII Ukrainian immigration to the United States. A small Ukrainian-Polish-Jewish community in the provincial Galician town of Przemyślany, where most of the action takes place, becomes a small-scale version of historical and political conflicts of the 1920s-1940s. The paper draws on Astrid Erll’s theory of cultural memory and Paul Connerton’s concept of forgetfulness to analyze Fall River as part of the Ukrainian cultural memory and explore the role of forgetting in the characters’ identity construction, particularly their new American selves. The historical background that shapes Mike’s, Manya’s, and Stefa’s lives reveals the entanglements of East-Central European history of the first half of the 20th century, of which the American reader knows little if anything, and addresses complex ethnic relations and political dilemmas that were part of the characters’ everyday life. While history is the normative frame of reference in the novel, a sense of home and the awareness of its traumatic loss are some of the centrifugal forces of the story, which determine the characters’ attitudes. They evoke the idea of uprootedness (Weil) and nostalgic memory (Boym), which will be analyzed as an essential part of immigrant narratives.
A közösségi média a mindennapi életünk szerves részévé vált és teljesen átformálta társadalmunkat. Míg kezdetben szociális funkcióval bírt, addig a 2010-es évek elejétől egyre nagyobb gazdasági potenciállal rendelkezik. Kutatási célkitűzésként azt fogalmaztuk meg, hogy feltárjuk, a közösségi médiumok milyen gazdasági és szociális hatással vannak társadalmunkra Vizsgálatunkat dokumentumelemzéssel végeztük, melynek során összegyűjtöttük és feldolgoztuk a témában ismert publikációkat, tanulmányokat. Eredményeink alapján megállapíthatjuk, hogy az elmúlt években az online médiafogyasztással eltöltött idő globálisan és hazánkban is dinamikusan növekedett minden generáció esetében. A megváltozott médiafogyasztás következményeként a reklámpiac is alapjaiban rendeződött át, a nyomtatott sajtó hirdetési bevételei meredek csökkenést, míg az online exponenciálisan növekedést mutat a 2008-as gazdasági válság óta, különös tekintettel a közösségi médiumokra. A közösségi oldalakkal szemben, ugyanakkor az elmúlt években komoly adatvédelmi aggályok és jelentős adótartozások is felmerültek. Ennek alapán véleményünk szerint, a versenyegyenlőség megteremtése a médiapiacon, az adófizetési kötelezettségek teljesítése, valamint az adatvédelmi szabályok betartása indokolttá teszi az állam szigorúbb fellépését a globális technológiai vállalatokkal szemben.
History of Central Europe, Social sciences (General)
Rad se bavi problematikom Koksare Bakar, ali i cijeloga područja Bakra, neposredno prije puštanja novoga postrojenja u pogon prvoj polovici 70-ih godina 20. st. U radu se
donose novi podatci koji imaju za cilj prikazati zagađenja Bakarskog zaljeva u predmetnom periodu, osvrćući se na sve glavne oblike zagađenja. Ovim radom se također daje i prikaz najvažnijih mjera zaštite okoliša što ih je Koksara trebala poduzeti te se zajedno s njima prezentiraju i najvažnija istraživanja na predmetnome području. Na kraju, rad nudi argumente i za propitivanje učestalog stava da je Koksara glavni uzročnik zagađenja Bakra i njegove okolice.
Language and Literature, History of Central Europe
On the basis of selected types of supra-regional brooches (A.65, Nauheim, Schüsselfibeln, A.18), an attempt was made to check whether they appeared in the eastern part of Germania in the same chronological rhythm as in their home zones. The service life of A.65 brooch and post-oppidial forms A.18 north of the Carpathians corresponds to the chronology in the primary distribution zone, no significant differences can be seen. Another picture – obtained, however, from a small number of finds – is drawn for Nauheim type brooches, which seem to remain in use a little longer in the zone between the Carpathian Mountains and the Baltic coast, until the younger stage of the LT D2 phase. Similarly, bowl-shaped brooches (Schüsselfibeln), probably made mostly in local workshops, were worn in the north for several decades longer than in the zone south of the Carpathian Mountains. In Pomerania they came into use probably slightly earlier than in the area of Przeworsk culture and probably went out of fashion a little faster. This indicates a slightly different rhythm of stylistic and fashion changes between southern and central Poland (Przeworsk culture) and the north – the region of the lower Vistula and the Gulf of Gdańsk.
The article presents the metallographic examination of three sabres and one double-edged sword coming from the 7th–8th century Slavic-Avar site of Želovce (Slovakia). All four weapons had been subjected to metallography as early as 1975, but the results were not published in sufficient detail. With this article, written in honour of Radomír Pleiner, the authors wish to repay this debt. The blades are compared with other (metallographically examined) weapons from Želovce, and the manufacturing methods of early medieval production of sabres are discussed.
Objective: To examine the origin and development of several Turkic languages spoken in the North Caucasus.
Research materials: the era of Turkic khanate domination in the steppes of Asia and Eastern Europe marked the formation of the ancient Turkic literary tradition. Initially it was displayed in the original Orkhon-Yenisey alphabet. Later, in the principality Kocho and Karakhanids’ state this tradition was transliterated into alphabet borrowed from the Sogdians. In his work compiled in Arabic, Karakhanid Mahmoud al-Kashgari was first to describe Turkic-speaking dialects that differed from the ancient writing standards. Among them, he focused mainly on the languages of nomadic Oguz and Kipchak confederations. One after another they occupied the steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Based on al-Kashgari’s information, the author of this article demonstrates that the territory occupied by the Kipchak confederation preserved Oghuz dialect used by Oghuz tribes Kangly and Karabёrkli who joined to Kipchaks. The Kyrgyz branch of the Turkic languages brought by Kipchaks to the West spread in this area as well. The rise and conquest of the Great Mongol Empire changed the language boundaries and literary canons of Central Asia, Siberia and Eastern Europe forever. In the time of the Mongol Empire practice of bilingualism established in the area. Literary canons from now and until the first third of the 20th century were based on the Turkic speech of Chagataid ulus of the Mongol Empire. On the other hand, examining the Antonio de Finale’s manuscript composed at the beginning of the 14th century on the territory of the Jochid Ulus, and a number of documents of the 16th–18th centuries written in the Lithuanian Tatar, the author reveals the formation history of Tatar branch of Turkic languages in the steppes of Dasht-i Kipchak.
Results and novelty of the research: on the basis of this information the article manages to conclude that both Chagatai and the Golden Horde languages were brought to the west during the Mongol invasions. Through the prism of these events, the article examines the problem of the origin and development of several Turkic languages spoken in the North Caucasus.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Civilization
U Ličko-senjskoj županiji svega je nekoliko prirodnih podzemnih prostora koje mogu posjećivati turisti, a to su turistički uređena Špilja Samograd u Perušiću i špilja Šupljara na Plitvičkim jezerima. Špilja Samograd se prvi puta u literaturi spomnje još 1835. Već su je tada posjećivali znatiželjnici. Godine 1886. u Perušiću je osnovan Odbor, koji je već 1889. špilju uredio za lakše posjećivanje, posebno 1903. kada je špilju trebao posjetiti ban Hrvatske. Prvi nacrt špilje, s ucrtanom turističkom stazom, izrađen je 1911. U tom je razdoblju bilo mnogo napisa o posjetama špilji. Između dva svjetska rata špilja je bila zapuštena, a obnova je počela tek poslije II svjetskog rata, ali ne sustavno. Svoj procvat špilja je doživjela tek nakon 2005. kada je u Perušiću osnovana Javna ustanova «Pećinski park Grabovača», koja je organizacijski i fizički špilju približila ne samo domaćim, već i stranim turistima. U proljeće i jesen 2014., na 125. godišnjicu prvog uređenja špilje, JU PPG je za posjetitelje organizirala i dva koncerta u špilji.
Language and Literature, History of Central Europe
The paper focuses on the Modern Period seals and sealing in credible places (locus credibilis) in the Kingdom of Hungary. It presents the basic historical context, in which the credible places were created and operated within religious institutions in the Middle Ages. Specifically, it addresses the problems which the political and social changes in modern times brought to the function of these institutions. Particular attention is paid to the seals and their use in modern Nitra Residential Chapter and Spiš Collegial Chapter. The paper is mainly based on the research of archives of the correspondent religious institutions. Its main objective is to present unpublished facts about the design of the seals of these institutions, as well as issues related to the method of sealing, storage and use of the typarium.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Central Europe