Hasil untuk "History America"

W. Strange

Salim Lamrani

This article examines Cuba’s involvement on the side of the Algerian National Liberation Front between 1959 and 1962, from its stance at the United Nations to the material and military assistance provided to the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA). Drawing on French and U.S. diplomatic archives, UN debates, and Cuban and Algerian sources, it argues that Havana went far beyond rhetorical support and turned the Algerian struggle into an early testing ground for its state-led internationalism. The shift from Batista’s pro-French alignment to Fidel Castro’s open backing of Algerian self-determination, the recognition of the GPRA, consistent pro-independence voting at the UN, and the dispatch of arms and wounded fighters reveal a principled choice, maintained despite U.S. pressure and the risk of damaging relations with Paris. The study highlights the diplomatic shock this reversal produced in France, as well as the way in which Algerian-Cuban convergence came to embody, in Washington’s eyes, the threat of an emerging anti-colonial and anti-imperialist front within the Third World.

Thomas C. Field

In this article, the co-editors introduce key themes and contributions of this special issue of Radical Americas, particularly as they pertain to the 50th anniversary of Chile’s Popular Unity revolution (1970–3) and the more recent estallido social (social uprising), which began in Santiago de Chile in October 2019. They underline the historical context for contemporary events, arguing the need to recognise the influence, memory and significance of the past in the present.

Dayanne da Silva Santos

“WHAT THE STATE NEEDS TO DO FOR US, QUILOMBOLAS, IN THIS PANDEMIA, IS TO STOP TRYING TO KILL US”: racism and highway / BR 135, Territory quilombola Santa Rosa dos Pretos (Itapecuru-Mirim/MA)   “LO QUE NECESITA HACER EL ESTADO POR NOSOTROS, QUILOMBOLAS, EN ESTA PANDEMIA, ES DEJAR DE TRATAR DE MATARNOS”: racismo y carretera / BR 135, Santa Rosa dos Pretos territorio quilombola (Itapecuru-Mirim/MA)    Resumo O contexto é o projeto de duplicação da rodovia/BR 135 em plena pandemia mundial sobre territórios quilombolas no estado do Maranhão desde 2017. “O que o estado precisa fazer por nós, quilombolas, nesta pandemia, é parar de tentar nos matar, como fazem agora com a possibilidade de retomada das obras de duplicação da BR 135”. Neste artigo, o foco são as narrativas, elas revelam como lideranças quilombolas estão lendo racismo, margens e produzindo resistências. Partimos da escuta etnográfica e de entrevistas não estruturadas de lideranças do território quilombola Santa Rosa dos Pretos, localizado no município de Itapecuru-Mirim/MA para mostrar que mesmo diante de um cenário de pandemia mundial provocada pela Covid 19, os projetos desenvolvimentistas seguem avançando. Assim, se morre pela não titulação, pelo Covid e pela rodovia.  A duplicação da rodovia 135 em plena pandemia mundial é a continuidade da colonialidade por outros meios. O covid 19 provoca a morte física, os empreendimentos a morte: física, psíquica e social. Palavras – chave: Violências, Desenvolvimento, Quilombos, Resistências.   Abstract The context is the project to duplicate the highway / BR 135 in the middle of a worldwide pandemic on quilombola territories in the state of Maranhão since 2017. “What the state needs to do for us, quilombolas, in this pandemic, is to stop trying to kill us, as they do now with the possibility of resuming the duplication works on BR 135 ”. In this article, the focus is on narratives, they reveal how quilombola leaders are reading racism, margins and producing resistance. We start from the ethnographic listening and unstructured interviews of leaders from the quilombola territory Santa Rosa dos Pretos, located in the municipality of Itapecuru-Mirim / MA to show that even in the face of a world pandemic scenario caused by Covid 19, development projects continue to advance. Thus, one dies for the lack of title, for Covid and for the highway. The duplication of Highway 135 in the midst of a global pandemic is the continuity of coloniality by other means. Covid 19 causes physical death, ventures to death: physical, psychic and social. Keywords: Violence, Development, Quilombos, Resistances.   Resumen El contexto es el proyecto de duplicar la carretera / BR 135 en medio de una pandemia mundial en territorios quilombolas en el estado de Maranhão desde 2017. “Lo que el estado necesita hacer por nosotros, quilombolas, en esta pandemia, es dejar de intentar para matarnos, como hacen ahora con la posibilidad de reanudar los trabajos de duplicación en la BR 135 ”. En este artículo, el enfoque está en las narrativas, revelan cómo los líderes quilombolas están leyendo el racismo, los márgenes y produciendo resistencia. Partimos de la escucha etnográfica y entrevistas no estructuradas de líderes del territorio quilombola Santa Rosa dos Pretos, ubicado en el municipio de Itapecuru-Mirim / MA para mostrar que aún ante un escenario de pandemia mundial provocado por Covid 19, los proyectos de desarrollo continúan. para avanzar. Así, se muere por la falta de título, por Covid y por la carretera. La duplicación de la carretera 135 en medio de una pandemia global es la continuidad de la colonialidad por otros medios. Covid 19 causa muerte física, aventura a la muerte: física, psíquica y social. Palabras clave: Violencia, Desarrollo, Quilombos, Resistencias.

Frédérique Langue

Mariya Sribna

The material of Ukrainian diaspora life and activity in the USA and Canada in the National Museum of Ukrainian History collection is analyzed in the article. History of completing of materials and transferring of interesting exhibits during years of the Ukrainian independence is traced. Based on the wide circle of historical sources, the author confirms that the National Museum of Ukrainian History has the biggest collection from the ancient time until the nowadays, which consist of about one thousand exhibits. Scientists of the museum always try to fill the museum’s funds and collections. It is noted that methodology of the accumulation of material is based on primarily completing material of the most actual themes. The importance of the theme of data research is caused by need of investigation of Ukrainian diaspora role in the process of democratization and transformation of Ukraine, transferring of positive experience in the development of civil society, underlining of diaspora contribution to the economy and culture of our country, lobby of foreign and interior interests. In general, the author notes the interest of the Ukrainian diaspora in promoting Ukrainian historical heritage. In its turn this is evidenced by hard work of the National Museum of Ukrainian History stuff that carries out scientific work by completing and studying fund collection “Ukrainian Diaspora” regularly and fills the museum by interesting exhibits on this subject. This study of Ukrainian life in emigration contributes to the preservation of national identity, rapprochement and consolidation of Ukrainians worldwide.

Ariadna Guerrero Medina

The rural movement of the ACJM initiated during the cardenismo with the critique towards the agrarian reform and the model of rural education. The governments of Manuel Ávila Camacho and Miguel Alemán Valdés limited the impulse to the distribution of lands and favoured the agroindustrial privately owned. Likewise, during these governments, the rapprochement between the Church and the Mexican State took the form of a modus vivendi. In this new official keynote, the actionS of the rural movement of the ACJM did not go in opposition to the governmental policies related to the the field, but they took other directives: the demobilization of the peasants, the exaltation of the rural poverty and the diffusion of nationalistic campaigns in favour of the literacy, the hygiene and the moralizing of the customs. Finally, in the fifties, the rural speech of the ACJM indicated implicitly the consequences of the model of economic development, among them, the unfair distribution of lands, the credit lack for the ejidatarios and for the small producers, the poverty and misery of the peasants and the increasing phenomenon of the bracerismo.

Jorge Jofre

Ciertas producciones plásticas de Spilimbergo y Berni o filmes con la presencia de Isabel Sarli han puesto el acento en la cuestión de la mujer marginada; de la mujer como objeto sexual desde lo más estricto de su materialidad. Por los años 30, Spilimbergo, imagina su Emma Scarpini, una mujer que se prostituye por necesidad; tres décadas después los grabados y los collages de Berni retratan a otro personaje ficcional: Ramona Montiel …una especie de Milonguita. En 1958 Armando Bó filma El trueno entre las hojas, una pieza de culto del cine argentino…cuadro a cuadro resalta el carisma de su gran descubrimiento: Isabel Sarli; para muchos una divinidad del erotismo y ya casi un icono sexual indiscutido.

Célia Keren

Anaïs Garcia

In recent years, the sterilisation of women has increased in Guatemala, especially among indigenous populations. Some of these women are not aware of its irreversible aspect, its side effects or the existence of other contraceptive methods. Health institutions and their staff believe that indigenous patients do not fully understand the social and sanitary aspects of reproduction and therefore, deemed them to be unable to make "correct” decisions, because of their “culture”, which is considered to be irrational, male chauvinistic etc. They try to influence their patients decisions so as to be in accordance with a predefined procreative norm. This procreative norm is directly connected to the demands of International Aid Organizations and is inspired by a neo-malthusian doctrine. An intersectional analysis allows me to interpret social practices, representations and discourses relating to family planning. It thus brings better understanding concerning the relations established between institutions, providers, patients and communities, in a country where sexual violence and a will to control their bodies have been inflicted on indigenous Maya women both in the past and the present.

C. Murray

Danielle EK Perkins RN, PhD(c)

Despite high rates of unemployment, incarceration, violence, and suicide experienced by young Black men in America, research conducted in inner-city environments consistently report nonsignificant levels of depression among Black men. The unique history of social exclusion, stereotyping, and discrimination experienced by Black men has significant implications for the accurate assessment of depression. A review of significant historical and current sociological, educational, and legal-justice circumstances that affect the mental health of young Black men is presented. Barriers and limitations to traditional depression assessment and measurement is discussed and followed by recommendations for advancing knowledge of depression in young Black men. Research and practice that seeks to explore and explain sociocultural variances in traditional definitions of depression among young Black men will improve mental health, mental health outreach, and social function in this population.

Mauricio Archila Neira

Mary Pradt

D. Shedden

R. Butts, L. Cremin

Earl H. Brill

R. McCORMACK, James Oakes

J. Hughes, L. Cain