Hasil untuk "History (General)"

Whatley, Katherine G.T.

This article tells the story of a diasporic Jewish family across generations, continents, and languages through a shared name—Katherine—showing how names serve as talismans, linking present and past. Centered on the author’s grandmother, a Hungarian Holocaust survivor who lived in Europe and Australia, and the author, raised in Japan, it explores how Jewish names act as markers of memory, identity, politics, and religion. The author argues that Jewish naming rituals reflect the diasporic, cosmopolitan nature of prewar Jewish society. She examines tensions between assimilation and non-assimilation, secularism and mysticism, nationalism and cosmopolitanism, advocating for a renewed sense of multilingual, cosmopolitan Jewish identity. Drawing on Judaism, Buddhism, and esoteric mysticism, the author presents multilingualism and cosmopolitanism as inherent strengths of Jewish diasporic life—and as vital in today’s world. Through her own translational upbringing and family history, she offers a deeply personal narrative intertwined with 20th-century upheavals and calls for a revival of prewar Jewish cosmopolitanism.

Sofía Palacios-Pacheco, Berta Martín-López, Mónica Expósito-Granados et al.

Human-carnivore relations in Europe have varied throughout history. Because of recent conservation efforts and passive rewilding, carnivore populations are recovering, which translates into more interactions with humans. Thus, unraveling these interactions as well as the multiple contributions carnivores provide to people is crucial to their conservation. We examined the literature conducted in Europe since 2000 and used the nature’s contributions to people (NCP) framework to identify factors that have shaped human-carnivore relations. To do so, we examined the state of scientific knowledge and relationships among types of NCP from carnivores, countries, and carnivore species; and between NCP, actors, and management actions. Results indicated that research has been oriented toward large carnivore species and their detrimental contributions to people. Further, the effectiveness of carnivore management strategies has only been evaluated and monitored in a limited set of all the research. To balance any negative views on carnivores, we suggest that the recognition of the duality of carnivores, as providers of both beneficial and detrimental contributions, should be included in EU conservation policies.

Félix Terrones, Catherine Pélage

Zhi Li, Minyu Zhou, Yao Ruan et al.

The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is an economically important penaeid species worldwide. Under farming conditions, the full ovarian maturation of L. vannamei generally depends on the combination of artificial ablation of unilateral eyestalk and feeding high-quality natural diets, suggesting that nutrient accumulation is important to ovarian maturation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the gene expression related to nutritional accumulation in L. vannamei during ovarian development by transcriptomic analysis. A total of 52.45 Gb of high-quality transcriptome data were obtained from 8 samples from the hepatopancreas and ovaries from shrimp in gonadal developmental stages I-IV. A total of 23,149 expressed genes were detected, of which 19,852 were known genes and 3,297 were novel genes. Our study found that genes related to amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were expressed at higher levels in the hepatopancreas than in the ovary. The genes for most lipoproteins and their receptors were predominantly expressed in the hepatopancreas, while vitellogenin receptor (VgR) was specifically expressed in the ovary. Moreover, two vitellogenin (Vg) genes were identified, in which one was specifically expressed in the hepatopancreas and defined as Hp-Vg, and the other was specifically expressed in the ovary and defined as Ov-Vg. In addition, genes related to carotenoid metabolism were enriched in the hepatopancreas. This study provides solid evidence that the hepatopancreas is the major exogenous vitellogenesis site for ovarian maturation of L. vannamei. Two distinct Vg genes perform exogenous and endogenous vitellogenesis in the hepatopancreas and ovary in L. vannamei, respectively. The results of this study also presented some new insights for understanding the nutritional dynamics from the hepatopancreas to ovary during ovarian maturation in penaeids.

Andrés Antillano, Chelina Sepúlveda

In this paper, we want to show how the act of killing, considered one of the crimes that offends collective morality to a greater degree, can nevertheless be considered a justified act of a moral nature by a group of subjects serving a sentence for murder. We propose the notion of “moral order” to understand the regime of justifications, practical rules that govern deadly violence, and underlying value conceptions that emerge from the narratives of our interviewees. This moral order, which would thrive in conditions of exclusion, would be sustained by social networks that tolerate, reinforce, and regulate the moral codes associated with criminal violence.

G. V. Stankevich

The article analyzes the features of the entrepreneurial legal personality of juvenile entrepreneurs and the mechanism of its formation and implementation. The author makes a proposal to indicate in the registration certificate of an entrepreneur that the person is under age. The author analyses particular features of the protection of the legal capacity of juvenile entrepreneurs in business activities.

Viktor Larin

In the first decade of the 21st century, Moscow and Beijing made two strategic decisions to expand and deepen bilateral economic relations. The first one was to endorse diversified energy partnership. The second was centered on cross-border area and has been offered in the program of regional cooperation between Russian and Chinese border regions. However, basic methodological illogicality between estimations and expectations in Russia–China economic relations has smashed the good intentions of both sides. Recommendations for the governments to develop economic relations were theoretically correct, but mostly generalized and abstract in nature. Subsequently, these relations had not found a stable ground and were undermined by numerous internal and outside factors, positive and negative. A narrow range of trade articles made Russian–Chinese exchange dependent on the demand and prices for these goods, and small mutual investments slightly influenced an economic exchange between two countries. In spite of a number of decisions related to cross-border and inter-regional relations accepted at the top level, these relations are still the weakest link in bilateral ties. Mutual investments and modern forms of economic cooperation did not flourish along the border also. Moreover, economic troubles in Russia of 2014–2016 have hampered the cross-border relations seriously, while Heilongjiang Province being the intermediary between many Chinese territories and Russia has become the biggest loser on the Chinese side. In spite of all problems in economic cooperation between Russia and China, today, China is the no. 1 trade partner of Russia and Russia is the no. 1 supplier of oil to China. Their energy alliance has strengthened both countries’ statuses in their economic interaction: the position of raw material supplier for Russia and the exporter of manufactured goods to Russia for the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Western sanctions amplified the Chinese high-tech goods export to Russia; China’s share in Pacific Russia’s foreign trade increased from 29.2% in 2014 to 33.4% in 2017 and the peoples’ mood in this region moved in favor of China. However, by the end of second decade of the 21st century, Russia’s and China’s favorable “economic complementarities” and geographic proximity happened to remain a virtual product of academic’s intellectual exercises and have not transformed into the genuine economic cooperation. This is because, on the one hand, the philosophy, political and cultural infrastructures of Russia–China economic relations did not change much since 1990s, and, on the other hand, of some domestic and international factors that prevented this transformation.

Giuliana Albini

This paper focuses on the control and management of water resources displayed by one of the major Milanese hospitals in the Middle Ages. Since the 13th century, the ospedale del Brolo had increased its properties in the Lodigiano: this paper aims at explaining the main features of the area affected by these investments, and the rights held by the hospital. Keywords: Milano, Ospedali medievali, Diritti sulle acque, Rogge, Mulini; Milan, Medieval hospitals, Water resources, Jurisdiction, Canals, Mills

Kenneth M. Price

K. Brodman, A. J. Erdmann, I. Lorge et al.

S. Forbes

P. Bohannan

María Núñez González

Este artículo pretende poner de manifiesto las magníficas fuentes documentales existentes en los archivos para el estudio de la arquitectura doméstica en los siglos XVI y XVII, al mismo tiempo que propone, una vez obtenida la información procedente de los libros de apeos, una metodología novedosa para el análisis de dichos inmuebles. El resultado de la aplicación de esta metodología ha sido una base de datos con la información contenida en dichos apeos, que incluye: planos, localización por collación y calle, propietario, inquilino, oficio y condición del inquilino, orientación (cuando aparece), linderos (cuando se detallan), los espacios interiores que conforman las casas y sus descripciones y medidas. Se ha demostrado que este método mediante el análisis de la información contenida en esta base de datos es clave para el análisis de la arquitectura doméstica sevillana de los siglos XVI y XVII.

Jaume Pons Conca

En moltes ocasions els estudis de l’Espill de Jaume Roig s’han centrat exclusivament en els aspectes misògins de l’obra, la qual cosa ha impedit aprofundir en altres aspectes que, en certa mesura, poden fins i tot alleugerir aquesta càrrega. És per això que ens proposem, en primer lloc, situar l’autor valencià en el nou paradigma teòric de la formació escolàstica, i, en segon lloc, comprovar en quin grau els coneixement teòrics d’aquesta formació, molt presents en l’Espill, contribueixen o no a una relectura menys connotada de l’obra. In many cases, studies on the Espill of Jaume Roig focused exclusively on the misogynist aspects of the work, which has prevented further other aspects that, maybe, may alleviate this burden. That is why we propose, first, to locate the Valencian author on the new theoretical paradigm of scholastic education, and secondly, check the extent to which knowledge of the theoretical training, present in the Espill: that will contribute or not to rreading the work less connoted.

Alicia Ferreira Gonçalves

O presente artigo discorre sobre as ligações entre estrutura e história a partir das perspectivas estruturalista francesa e culturalista norte-americana, focalizando as interlocuções teóricas entre Claude Lévi-Strauss e Marshall Sahlins entre o final dos anos 1940 e ao longo dos anos 1990 do século XX.

S. Malamed

Sue‐Ellen Case

H. Lassalle, Serge Guilbaut, A. Goldhammer

W. Brewer

G. R. Feiwel