Hasil untuk "Geography (General)"

Leily Bakhtiari

The Metaverse, as a hypothetical virtual environment utilizing advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things, has the potential to contribute to the sustainability of future smart cities, enhancing urban efficiency and quality of life. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the framework of immersive Metaverse spaces for the sustainability of future smart cities in the metropolitan area of Tehran. The research strategy is application-oriented, and the methodology is descriptive-analytical, based on exploratory futures research methods. The theoretical data were collected using a documentary method, and the empirical data were gathered through a survey method based on the Delphi technique. The target population of this study included urban experts, and a purposive sample of 70 individuals was selected. To analyze the data, the Delphi method, structural analysis in the MICMAC environment, and Scenario Wizard software were employed. The findings revealed that indicators such as transparency, demand reduction, urban simulation, and digital education play significant roles in improving smart urban sustainability. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the Metaverse can serve as an effective tool for optimizing resource consumption, increasing citizen participation, and mitigating urban risks. The final results suggest that to fully harness the potential of the Metaverse, it is necessary to strengthen digital infrastructures, enhance technology-related education, and improve cybersecurity. Overall, it is recommended that policymakers in Tehran focus on developing Metaverse technologies and integrating them with urban systems to leverage all the capabilities of this technology.

Munazza Akhtar, Arshia Habib, Umer Javeid et al.

Purpose: This study examines how export quality (EQI) interacts with institutional quality (IQI), GDP per capita (GDPPC), and urbanisation (URB) to shape greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Asia, concentrating on whether IQI controls the environmental impact of EQI and in what circumstances does export modernisation translate into cleaner production and lower emissions. Design: Based on a theory-driven framework, this research utilises an econometric approach suitable for heterogeneous Asian panels, embedding an EQI×IQI interaction term to measure moderation. A log–log transformation provides elasticities and enables interpretation of short- and long-run dynamics, while considering cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. Findings: Higher EQI mitigate GHG emissions when IQI is strong, via better environmental implementation, cleaner technology diffusion, and access to green finance; in contrast, weak IQI can temper or reverse this effect, allowing carbon-intensive upgrade paths. URB and GDPPC impact energy demand and technology integration, with urbanisation conceivably declining emissions under robust governance but boosting them when governance is weak. The study indicates that the marginal effect of EQI on GHG changes with IQI levels, evidencing a context-dependent technology-for-green policy channel in Asia. Originality: The paper establishes a conditional EQI–GHG mechanism moderated by IQI within an Asia-focused context, tests the EQI×IQI interaction in a log–linear ARDL/PMG-ARDL framework, and highlights sectoral/regional heterogeneity to inform policy design in diverse Asian economies.

Carey T. Knight, Ann Marie Gorman, Graham F. Montague

Walleye Sander vitreus are economically and ecologically vital to Lake Erie and have multiple spawning stocks that contribute to the lakewide population. These unique Walleye stocks typically spawn in discrete spawning aggregations in riverine and shallow, open-lake reef habitats during springtime in the western, eastern, and central basins. Yet, most spawning research has been conducted in the western and eastern basins. Therefore, the goal of our study was to document evidence of Walleye utilizing a central basin nearshore reef for reproduction. We used gill nets from 20 March to 15 May 2012, on Hardy Point Reef (HPR; near Fairport Harbor, Ohio) to collect spawning Walleye. Larval light traps and egg mats were deployed to capture fertilized eggs and newly hatched larvae. We captured 281 actively spawning Walleye using overnight-set gill nets from HPR. Five fertilized Walleye eggs and two larval Walleye were captured from HPR. Our study provided evidence that successful Walleye spawning occurred at HPR in the central basin of Lake Erie. Further research should identify potential additional Walleye spawning locations in the central basin and quantify these contributions to the Lake Erie population to help facilitate lake wide management and preservation of spawning stocks.

Marilyn Tseng, Emily Walton, Brian L. Egleston et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic's effect on established Chinese ethnic enclaves, which faced socio-economic disruptions as well as anti-Asian sentiment, is unknown. We compared the pandemic's effect on social capital among residents and non-residents of Chinese ethnic enclaves in Philadelphia. Despite declines in group participation and citizenship activity (joining with others or speaking with local officials to address a neighborhood problem), the pandemic increased support received from other individuals and cognitive social capital (e.g., neighborhood trust and sense of belonging), with more pronounced changes in enclaves. Our findings provide evidence of both greater vulnerability and resilience in terms of social capital among Chinese immigrants during the pandemic. Understanding the pandemic's effects on social capital in different neighborhood contexts can underscore communities’ strengths, and ways to improve resilience to future challenges.

Sheau Tieh Ngai, Srivatsan V. Raghavan, Jing Xiang Chung et al.

To address the gap in understanding precipitation changes in Southeast Asia and to enhance the reliability of climate projections for the region through moisture budget analysis, this study examines the differences among six multi-model ensembles of CMIP6 simulated precipitation in term of moisture budget analysis. It investigates the relative contributions of thermodynamic and dynamic components to seasonal precipitation changes over Southeast Asia under the highest emission scenario, SSP5-8.5. The comparison between ensembles indicates that Good performance model ensembles slightly outperform the combination of all resolution and all category ensembles in reducing the biases. There is no strong evidence showing that good category ensembles outperform the combination of all model ensemble groups in simulating the spatial pattern of historical seasonal precipitation. From the perspective of moisture budget, regions receiving seasonal high rainfall intensity are mainly influenced by the moisture convergence during the monsoon seasons: northeast monsoon (December‒January‒February) and southwest monsoon (June–July–August). By the late 21st century (2081–2100), all model ensemble projections show an increase in December‒January‒February precipitation over the northern Southeast Asia and decreased June‒July‒August rainfall in the southern regions. The moisture budget analysis explained that the seasonal mean rainfall change in Southeast Asia is largely influenced by evaporation and followed by moisture flux convergence. The changes in moisture flux convergence are contributed by both the dynamic and thermodynamic components. Greater inter-model uncertainty was found in the precipitation dynamic component compared to the thermodynamic component suggesting the existence of large discrepancy between the various approaches used by GCMs in describing atmospheric dynamics. The study highlights that the Good model ensemble with middle to low resolution is able to narrow the inter-model uncertainties in terms of the moisture budget analysis compared to the combination of all Good model ensembles.

Kaghouche Mehdi, Benkechkache Imane

The contemporary city is built around open spaces, which have always contributed to the improvement of the image of the city and the living environment of its inhabitants. These open spaces, also called public spaces, remain neglected spaces in urban planning in Algeria. Our article focuses on the assessment of public spaces based on a multi-criteria analysis able to provide a comprehensive assessment of the quality of open spaces. Using structured observations throughout the day over a period of 15 days following an observation grid, we calculated a Public Space Index (PSI) across five dimensions, including inclusiveness, meaningful activities, safety, comfort, and pleasurability. The Public Space Index (PSI) is constructed from 45 variables to assess the five dimensions of public space. Our choice focused on the new city (Ali Mendjeli) located at Constantine, Algeria, a city that has been built recently (about thirty years). In this city, we have neglected the issue of public spaces in its planning. Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to improve the image of the city and the living environment of its inhabitants. So, the aim of this research is to assess the quality of its public spaces. The results of our research showed that the design of its public spaces had not taken into consideration many things in relation to the users of the space. Despite this, the public space studied meets the quality criteria for the five dimensions studied with a score of 69 out of 100.

Pia Benaud, Karen Anderson, Mike R. James et al.

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible, convergent fluvial pathways (also known as rills) and the subtle nature of the less-visible, diffuse pathways (interrill areas). The aim of this study was to use Rare Earth Oxide (REO) tracers and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions, within a controlled laboratory environment. The experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion processes. REO tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described, and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion; interrill areas were also identified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion conditions. While the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated, under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation, such as compaction, exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse erosion. The discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and REO tagged sediment export were beneficial, identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features, even when the rill extended the full length of the soil surface. The combination of SfM photogrammetry and REO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

Iryna Prychepa, Oksana Adler, Liliia Ruda et al.

The aim of this paper is to identify the main problems and prospects of tourism growth in Ukraine including international experience in the context of deepening of the integration connections. The paper studied the main trends and characteristics of the tourism industry development in Ukraine in the context of European integration, describe the state, structure, dynamics of the relevant indices of the tourism sector in Ukraine, monitored the relationships and dependencies, determined the correlation factors. Main practical directions of the domestic tourism growth were determined. Determined the place of Ukraine in a highly competitive European tourism market. In addition, the paper made significant theoretical and practical contribution to overcome main problems associated with the characteristic feature of the tourist complex of Ukraine. The results of research identified the main problems of the development of the tourism sector of Ukraine, as well as highlighted the potential prospects for tourism development, taking into account the conditions of European integration.

Hanna M. Łopatyńska

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie żywotności piosenki Siekiera, motyka i roli, jaką odgrywa ona w polskiej kulturze w sytuacjach traumatycznych. W czasie II wojny światowej liczne warianty tego utworu, które powstawały na bazie żołnierskiej piosenki z 1917 r., śpiewali uliczni wykonawcy. Po wojnie stał się on popularny dzięki filmowi Zakazane piosenki z 1946 r., a jego wojenne wersje były później wykorzystywane przez wielu artystów. Kolejne kontrafaktury Siekiery pojawiły się w czasach PRL-u, a zwłaszcza podczas stanu wojennego, jako przejaw walki z komunistyczną władzą, co świadczy o silnych skojarzeniach piosenki z ruchem oporu. Obecnie incipit „Siekiera, motyka…” jest nadal wykorzystywany do tworzenia rymowanek komentujących współczesne wydarzenia. Nowe wersje Siekiery powstały również w związku z pandemią koronawirusa. W tym przypadku wrogiem, zamiast niemieckiego okupanta i komunistycznego reżimu, był wirus. Wersje z różnych czasów mają wiele cech wspólnych, np. silne osadzenie we współczesnych realiach, przywoływanie nazwisk znanych postaci, żartobliwe sformułowania. Pojawiają się w sytuacjach napięć społecznych, dezorganizacji, służą do oswajania nowej rzeczywistości i traumatycznych przeżyć.

Gozde Es POLAT

In this work, we analyze fiscal sustainability for 26 EU and PIIGS countries in terms of Bohn's (2008) approach. In this context, we use primary surplus-to-GDP, public debt-to-GDP, government revenues/expenditures-to-GDP, business cycle, and fluctuations in government expenditures variables in the period 1995-2018. A positive and long-run relationship between lagged public debt and primary surplus-to-GDP indicates that fiscal policy is sustainable for the EU, overall. However, the fiscal sustainability criterion is not met for the PIIGS since the transversality condition is not met. Empirical findings of the study underline an effective regulatory policy framework to monitor fiscal policy developments for both core and periphery EU states.

Seda Özlü, Dilek Beyazli

Residential mobility is an economic and social recovery process that determines urban growth and regional development. The urban population relocates due to the events in their lives or their dissatisfaction with the conditions. Such individual movements play a role in the construction of urban geography. The aim of the present study was to discuss the factors that affect the residential mobility in Ortahisar district in Trabzon, Turkey. To determine the mobility, a survey was conducted with 445 individuals in 11 neighborhoods with different socio-demographic, economic and physical attributes in Trabzon urban center. The survey findings were analyzed based on a) the analysis of the socio-demographic structure of households, b) evaluation of the residential buildings, c) the analysis of historical mobility, and d) the assessments of causality in mobility. In the study, the causal factors were analyzed based on the life cycle, life course and satisfaction approaches and mobility classification available in the literature, and the study findings were analyzed with descriptive statistics. It was determined that residential ownership, the structure of the household members, and proximity to the workplace factors were effective on residential mobility in Trabzon.

Isabelle Brianso

The Cluny Abbey embodies one of the symbols of the Middle Ages and, from the 10th Century, as a major-influence site (scholar, religious, political, economic) in France and Europe through an organised network of Cluniac sites. However, the physical destruction of Cluny since the French Revolution as well as the contemporary development of the heritage renewal of the Cluniac sites by a European recognition (2005) from the Council of Europe, point out the study of the heritage construction, the representations and the memorial circulation of Cluny into the European space. This research note proposes to analyse the heritage dynamics of Cluniac sites as a European Cultural Route (ECR) from a communication tool developed by the European Federation of the Cluniac Sites, Clunypedia.

Günter Köck, Arne Arnberger

Muhammad Bibin

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung kesesuaian dan daya dukung kawasan Pantai Labombo untuk kegiatan wisata di Kota Palopo. Analisis data kesesuaian kawasan menggunakan rumus IKW= ∑ [ Ni / Nmaks] x 100 % dan analisis daya dukung kawasan menggunakan rumus DDK = K x Lp / Lt x Wt / Wp. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh untuk kesesuian wisata pantai kategori rekreasi yaitu sangat sesuai (SS) dengan panjang pantai 1.271 dapat menampung 50 orang/hari. Pantai Labombo sangat sesuai untuk dikembangkan aktifitas berenang pada kedalaman 0-2 m. Unit area yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk aktifitas berenang adalah 392 m, sehingga kawasan Pantai Labombo dapat menampung 15 orang/hari untuk aktifitas berenang. Dengan demikian total wisata yang dapat ditampung oleh aktifitas wisata pantai kategori rekreasi dan berenang secara keseluruhan sekitar 65 orang/hari. Kata kunci: Kesesuaian kawasan, Daya dukung, Wisata pantai, Pantai Labombo ABSTRACT .The aim of this study is to calculate the suitability and carrying capacity of Labombo beach area for tourism activities in Palopo City. Analysis of suitability data using the formula IKW= ∑ [ Ni / Nmax] x 100 % and analysis of carrying capacity using the formula DDK = K x Lp / Lt x Wt / Wp. The result showed that for the suitability of beach tourism in recreation category is very suitable with the length of beach is 1.271 which can accomodate 50 people per day. Labombo beach is very suitable to develop swimming activity at a depth of 0-2 meters. The unit area which can be used for swimming activity is 392 meters, so that Labombo beach can accomodate 15 people per day for swimming activity. Thus, total tours which can be accomodated by activity of beach tourism in recreation category and swimming as a whole is about 65 people per day. Keywords : suitability of the area, carrying capacity, beach tourism, Labombo beach

Jojić-Glavonjić Tamara, Milivojević Milovan, Panić Milena

In the area of the smallest region of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, which is, excluding Fruška gora, of very uniform geological structure, there is a significant number of geoheritage sites of different protection rank. The most of them are Natural Monuments, some individually protected, some protected as part of a larger entirety (National Park “Fruška gora”). There are two Special Nature Reserves and one Landascape of Exceptional Features. Except their significant importance for science and education, wishing to emphasize touristic value that these attractive objects of nature have, taking into account their number, we have segregated only those who are protected or in the protection procedure. Depending on the protection rank, they are mainly complementary touristic values, rarely interesting to broader spectrum of tourists. With development of appropriate programs (an example of “Leslend” in Inđija) and necessary investments, these natural objects could become an equal part of Srem rich touristic offer.

Maurilio Lara-Flores, Miguel A Olvera-Novoa

In this study, the effect as growth promoter of five lactic acid strains (Enterococcus faecium, E. durans, Leuconostoc sp., Streptococcus sp. I and Streptococcus sp. II), isolated from intestinal tract of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), was evaluated. Eight isocaloric diets were formulated: one containing 40% of protein as positive control, and seven with 27% protein. Five diets with 27% protein were supplemented with one of the isolated lactic acid bacteria in a concentration of 2.5x10(6) cfu g-1 of diet. A commercial probiotic based on S. faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus was added at the same concentration to one 27% protein diet as a comparative diet, and the last diet was not supplemented with bacteria (negative control). Tilapia fry (280 mg basal weight) stocked in 15 L aquaria at a density of two per liter were fed for 12 weeks with experimental diets. Results showed that fry fed with native bacteria supplemented diets presented significantly higher growth and feeding performance than those fed with control diet. Treatment with Streptococcus sp. I isolated from the intestine of Tilapia produced the best growth and feeding efficiency, suggesting that this bacteria is an appropriate native growth promoter.

Juan Wahren

La Unión de Trabajadores Desocupados de General Mosconi (UTD) surgió a mediados de los años ´90 en una pequeña población petrolera del interior de la Argentina muy rica en recursos naturales (Provincia de Salta). La UTD fue una de las primeras organizaciones de trabajadores desocupados o "piqueteros" que reclamaban por trabajo a través del corte de rutas y calles en la Argentina. Con el correr de los años el movimiento ha ampliado su horizonte de demandas y de acción territorial en defensa de los recursos naturales (hidrocarburos, tierra, bosques, agua, etc.) y ha desarrollado un amplio despliegue de proyectos productivos, comunitarios y culturales autogestionados. En este trabajo indagamos acerca de las complejas relaciones que se producen, en esta nueva territorialización, entre los diferentes actores que disputan el territorio y sus sentidos simbólicos: el Estado, los movimientos sociales y las empresas multinacionales.<br>The Unemployed Workers Union of General Mosconi (UTD) began in the middle of ´90 years in a small town with a lot of natural resources, principally hydrocarbons. The UTD was one of the first "piqueteros" (Unemployed Workers who make pickets in the routes) organization Their demands were to recover their olds works in the state oil company (Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales) that was sale to private capitals (Repsol from Spain). With the years and collective actions, this social movement incorporated new demands in defense of the natural resources (hydrocarbons as well land, forest, water, biodiversity, etc.) and now building a significant territory influence in the region thought the developing of different productive, communitarian and cultural auto self-projects. In this article we analyze the complex relations between the different social actors that disputes these new territory construction: the social movements, the State and the Oil companies that have projects in the region.

Isabelle Roussel

The effects of climate change show both locally and globally deep inequalities or discriminations. However, these sometimes come from limiting GHGs (greenhouse gases) or adaptation to climate change policies. Adaptation raises the question of inequalities through the artificialization of the world due to protection from climatic hazards, as shown by the relationship between poverty and the negative impacts of natural disasters. However, protections offered by modernity, based on a more complex and fragile society, could lead to collapse, analyzed by J. Diamond (2007). Mitigation induces different temporalities between current toxic pollution reduction and greenhouse gases control in the long term. Of course, the sources generating GHGs and toxic emissions are the same but biomass burning, biofuels or houses insulation are examples showing possible contradictions between safety in the short term and climate change control in the long term. Environmental prevention must respond to new challenges which must combine justice at different spatial and temporal scales and respond to value based social choices, beyond the rational dichotomy between strong and weak sustainability, strongly questioning the validity of the sustainable development triptych. Maybe, the questions raised by climate change have more to do with individual ethics than with highly theoretical political orientations ?

Carlo Della Valle

Arrigo Ludergnani