In modern circumstances the interaction between the state and the citizen goes on within the new digital reality, and often contextualised through gamification. The relevance of the research stems from the ongoing transformation of all spheres of state policy under digitalization. Cultural policy is becoming one of the spheres that, on the one hand, acts as a conduit for certain state-promoted values, and on the other, remains deeply intertwined with customs, traditions, and public consciousness. The policy pursued in the Russian Federation to preserve spiritual and moral values, including within modern cultural initiatives, is becoming a springboard for the emergence of new projects, notably in the realm of computer games. It can be hypothesised then that, in this context, there not only are but also were the developments incorporating traditional motifs and values intrinsic to Russia culture. The aim of this article is to examine the key political and value-based narratives in the contemporary Russian gaming industry. The object of research comprises games developed in Russia. The subject includes such developments as “Chernaya Kniga” (The Black Book), “Smuta”, “Lizzards must die” (Rus vs. Lizards), and upcoming releases of “Gardariki”. The research method employed is critical discourse analysis. The main emphasis is placed on exploring motifs tied to folklore traditions and the value narratives.
Eggy Fajar Andalas, Sudibyo Prawiroatmodjo, Sri Ratna Saktimulya
et al.
The emergence of the text/context debate in folklore research has facilitated new interpretations of how researchers approach their objects. Folklore research focusing solely on "text" has faced criticism for disregarding the contextual factors surrounding the genesis of folklore. This study compares the paradigm that perceives folklore textually with the paradigm that contextualizes it by examining the Romantic-nationalist and Performative paradigms. The use of the Romantic nationalism paradigm as a representative of item-oriented research is based on its historical, epistemological, and practical aspects. This study uses a qualitative methodology with a literature review to evaluate and synthesize existing research on the Romantic-nationalist and Performative paradigms in folklore studies. The primary distinction lies in focus: Romantic-nationalism views folklore as a traditional artifact that fosters collective identity, while the performative paradigm sees folklore as a dynamic social event in constant flux. While each paradigm has distinct strengths and limitations, synthesizing both offers a comprehensive perspective encompassing the static and dynamic dimensions of folklore. This study provides a framework for understanding folklore as both cultural heritage and a mechanism for constructing identity within dynamic social change.
Tekst jest analizą zjawiska fascynacji ludowością i folklorem w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego w Polsce. Przywołane przykłady dotyczą kontekstu inspiracji twórców sztuk wizualnych, w szczególności związanych z warszawskim stowarzyszeniem artystycznym Pro Arte, takich jak: Stanisław Masłowski (1853–1926), Henryk Piątkowski (1853–1923), Stefan Popowski (1870–1937), Józef Rapacki (1871–1929), Stanisław Straszkiewicz (1870–1925), Czesław Tański (1862–1942), Władysław Wankie (1860–1925), Marian Wawrzeniecki (1863–1943), Henryk Weyssenhoff (1859–1922), Teodor Ziomek (1874–1937). Grupa funkcjonowała w latach 1922–1932 w środowisku zbliżonym do Towarzystwa Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych. W szczególności poruszone zostaną dwa wątki przywiązania do ziemi ojczystej (koncepcja telluryzmu), czego wyrazem jest malarstwo pejzażowe członków grupy oraz zainteresowanie stylizowanym rodzimym folklorem.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Folklore
This article is based on research conducted in rural areas of the Polish Jurassic Highland by first-year ethnology and cultural anthropology students as part of their first field exercises. One of their tasks was to keep fieldnotes, which provided an insight into the young anthropologists’ experiences. Based on an analysis of these notes, I decided to inscribe the process of becoming an anthropologist into the pattern of the rite of passage according to the model proposed by Arnold van Gennep. The purpose of the article is to analyze and interpret the students’ notes and present the point of view of a young researcher – including myself, the author of this article, who participated in this research – on the Polish countryside and the role of the field in the “anthropological initiation.” Making fieldnotes is not only a technique or method of producing anthropological knowledge, but also a source of information about the researcher’s inner experiences during their professional initiation. The article investigates how the specificity of the rural areas of the Polish Jurassic Highland (as the first research field) influenced the process of the symbolic transformation of a student into an anthropologist.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Folklore
The article is devoted to Maryam Bubi, a representative of the famous Bubi dynasty – enlighteners and outstanding figures of Tatar education. Her name has remained unknown until now. In the period from 1917–1920, Maryam Bubi was a participant of the Tatar Soviet nation-building in inner Russia, and then took a direct part in the national liberation movement of the peoples of Turkestan against the Bolshevik occupation. Together with her husband Ali Ryza, she fought in the ranks of Enver Pasha’s army. The article attempts to reconstruct the main stages of Maryam Bubi’s life path. The biographical material concerning the life of M. Nigmatullina was collected during the study of little-known and unknown sources and facts to Tatar historical science, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Folklore
The historiographical paper focuses on the history of popular and academic research of calendar year holiday celebrations in Lithuania as well as on the classification and terminology used for defining them. Changes in relevant popular and academic interest, certain circumstances of the popularity of examining holidays and their customs are discussed, and scientific discourse is contrasted with public discourse. The cultural, social, and ideological circumstances of the development and dissemination of terminology related to the topic are explored. In addition, the influence of certain personalities and institutions that formed the terminology of calendar year celebrations will be reviewed. The paper is based on the analysis of academic and popular science literature, internet resources, as well as the public discourse of annual holidays.
The article explores the concept of the will in the East Slavic folklore. The main criterion for selecting the material is the frequency of the word “will” and corresponding lexical word family in different genres — epics, funeral, recruitment and wedding lamentations, lyrical songs, proverbs, and spiritual poems. The folklore component of the concept of will is considered in the totality of all semantic and plot information, taking into account synonyms, antonyms, epithets, predicates, and associative series related to the word “will” and its derivatives. The words of the lexical word family will reveal a wide range of meanings that generally coincide with the meanings of words in literary languages and dialects. Among them, in most genre projections of the concept of will, there are two poles, one of which collects positive meanings, such as the idea of the will as someone’s own right to choose as well as physical liberty, which is identified with the life itself. The other pole collects negative meanings: the idea of the will as the power of the alien, the older or the stronger one; redundancy of freedom and willfulness up to disobedience and immorality. However, in some genres such bipolarity is broken: in proverbs, negatively assessed meanings of will come to the fore, while spiritual poems render will in negative terms, as a centre of the sinfulness of a person and of the entire profane world.
The article is devoted to understanding the role and place of folk costume in the system of traditional art of the Kalmyk people. The relevance of this study is due, first of all, to the need to analyze the functional nature of women’s national costume, the decorative value of folk clothing. The Kalmyk costume, being an extremely multifaceted phenomenon, is distinguished by its shape, cut, quantity of details, color, embroidery, ornamentation, etc. The costume is considered as a marker of the class and gender status of a person, its social and aesthetic functions are revealed. Of particular interest is the inseparable version of the complete everyday-festive women’s vestments, namely, the two-piece basis of clothing, designated by the authors as a pair of “terlg-tsegdg”. Analogs of the Kalmyk sleeveless jacket tsegdg, the upper dress for women, are such types of dress among the Buryats as the khubaysi and uuzh (the latter is also available among the Mongols), chegedeks — among the Altai, and segedeks — among the Khakass. The authors suggest that some difference in the name of a single type of clothing is based on the well-known custom of tabooing the name among the listed peoples, associated with the prohibition of pronouncing the name of the ancestor totem. It is concluded that the inseparability of clothing is explained by the image of the progenitor bird in Kalmyk folklore.
Folklore researcher M. Maksymowicz introduced the term duma for an epic and lyric genre of orał Ukrainian folk art related to song (cf. the synonymic terms: Cossack song, Cossack epos, Cossack psalm) in 1827. The genre was bom in the 15th c. and sińce the 19th c. it has been the subject of folklore research, linguistics, literary studies, cultural studies, history. The researchers studied its poetics, language, musical shape, form of performance, etc.
Abstract Humor in terms of content is a literary genre in which the writer and the poet express the causes and reasons of backwardness, defects, corruptions, and painful inadequacies of a society with an intentionally adjusting look with a taste of laughter in an exaggerated way. The four main elements of "laughter", "exaggeration", "social criticism" and "reformism" are involved in the formation of any humorous writing. Although a humorous look to reveal political and social anomalies and problems has always existed in the Iranian history and literature, it can not be compared, in terms of frequency and stylistic characterization, with the humor of the constitutional era. The relatively free and temporary atmosphere which was created for the writers and poets along with the emerging of newspaper media provided enough appeal for satirists to write. In Isfahan, the Naqour newspaper began to be published, imitating Mollansereddin and Sur Israfil. In the column "Ugly and Beautiful", which was probably written following Dehkhoda's "Nonsense and Birds", interesting humorous content was inserted. This article is qualitative research and examines the text of the column "Ugly and Beautiful" in the whole statistical community published for one year. The method of analysis is documentation (newspaper) and content analysis from a satirical perspective. Naqour newspaper (published in Isfahan from 1326 to 1327) was published under the management of Mirza Masih Tuyserkani. Its first issue was published on the 26th of Rabi al-Awal, 1326 AH, in Isfahan. This newspaper criticized the events of the society of that time and the activities of the Isfahan Provincial Association with a humorous and sometimes satirical expression. In its humor, Naqour, while playing with words and interpreting them, has used allegories and anecdotes to criticize the political situation of the country, and in this way, it has made humorous use of proverbs and presenting the letters of the readers. Most of Naqour's political satires are interpretive and how those satires deal with current events. Its distinctive feature is the use of humor, language, and folklore, especially since this newspaper was one of the local newspapers and was published in Isfahan. It has tried to use the dialect and idioms of Isfahanians and sometimes the Armenian minority. In the ‘Ugly and Beautiful’ column of Naqour newspaper, most of the content is related to the country. The relatively high level of political issues in the newspaper is influenced by the main function of this newspaper as a political tool, and the most important political issue raised in the Naqour newspaper is the criticism of the Isfahan Governors’ Association. In this newspaper, occasionally dealing with religious issues is only for the sake of the judiciary and the unjust behavior of that power. Otherwise, the humor and joke of the newspaper do not include this field, because the writers use religion as a lever of pressure or threat when they want to clarify something that is religiously understandable to the people or to respect the rights of the people by the authorities with a humorous and of course softened look.
Language and Literature, Indo-Iranian languages and literature
This article addresses the problems of dating “The Verse about the Holy Mountain,” by Vyacheslav Ivanov, the origin and the meaning of the epigraph, and establishes the connection between the poem and the topic of Kiev. It formulates a hypothesis about the connection of the “Verse” with the written sources and folklore legends about the construction of the Assumption Cathedral of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. By studying the letters written by Vyacheslav Ivanov, we can establish that the poem was written in March 1900 and not at the end of 1900 (as it was stated by several commentators), and that the epigraph was added later. It is argued that the deathbed words of Vladimir Solovyov that the poem uses as its motto, attracted Vyacheslav Ivanov not only due to their profound meaning but also because they correlate with the images of the “Verse,” which had been written before their utterance albeit under the influence of the ideas of Vladimir Solovyov. Vyacheslav Ivanov’s verse about the construction of an invisible church and the impending transformation of the Russian land echoes the ideas of Vladimir Solovyov about the mystical church and future theocracy, therefore the dedication of the verse to the memory of the philosopher seemed quite natural. The plot of the “Verse” recalls the folkloric version of the legend about the construction of the Assumption Cathedral that circulated in the 19 th century publications. The immediate source for the “Verse” could have been a legend recorded by a 60-year-old peasant from the Tver’ province, Mikhail Vasilyevich Baldovkin, and published in 1899 in the periodical Zhivaya Starina.
Burial customs and beliefs are imbued with numerous magical and religious procedures and rules of behavior of living from the moment of dying to the last farewell but also afterwards. The first task that the surviving members had to fulfill, after death, was breaking all the connections with the deceased. The deceased had to be separated from the family and the object that he used during life, and then from the house and the whole community. Although the ritual of separation had begun during lifetime, for example in last farewell with the dying individual, the actual separation could be seen in numerous ceremonies that followed after death. Order and the symbolic meaning of the ritual and the objects that were used had an important role.
The musical language structure consists of living elements (because inside them the human`s musical language is synthesized), rich elements (because through them, people expressed their ideas and feelings), various elements ( as all cultures have formed and developed throughout history, their own and inexhaustible structures, transmitted through the ages, taken over, selected, enriched, extended). George Breazul was the first Romanian musician, who tried to conceptualize the embodiment of musical education through song, music play, and listening, starting from the specific acoustic universe, namely, children‟s folklore. Dmitri Kabalevski propsed the accomplishment of the musical education, based on the interpretation and listening of songs, belonging to a group of genders, which could represent musical styles and forms organized on themes. Originality and viability of the two visions, can be further noticed, because the logical organization of the acoustic material creates the circumstances for the listener‟s emotional auditory perception of the artistic message. The mutual interrelation and conditioning of elements which form the musical language generated the emphasizing and prominence of each one, within the musical speech, which is reflected in the educational process.
The article analyses the historiographical problem of calendar ritualism of the Ukrainians in Opillia between the middle of the 19th and early 21st centuries. The author characterizes works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists between the 19th and 21st centuries. The first works in calendar ritualism were written by the representatives of the “Russian Trinity” and the Ethnographic committee of the Shevchenko Scientific Society.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Educational institutions must adopt ethical values and turn these into behavior. Ethical leadership is adopting relationship based on the principles of ethical values and preceding this understanding in their institutions. In addition, it is inevitable to regard the spiritual elements providing organizational commitment of employees. In light of ethical values, the school administrators’ following a healthy method towards teachers will improve teachers’ organizational commitment. In this study, the relationship between the ethical leadership understanding of administrators who serve at secondary education institutions and the institution employees’ organizational affiliations are being examined. It’sbeing triedtocheckout the relationship between school managers’ ethical leadership understanding and
application degree of this understanding in their institutions and the level of institutionemployees’ organizational commitment. Do the high school teachers’ opinions of organizational commitment show a meaningful difference according to gender, type of school, seniority, branch monthlyincome, the trade union membership of variables? Do high school teachers opinions towards the ethical
leadership skills represented by school administrators, show a meaningful difference according to gender, types of school, seniority, branch monthly income ,the trade union membership of variables? Is there a relaitonship between school managers
ethical leadership understanding and teachers’ organizational affilications? The sample of the study was 123 teachers working in anatolian, vocational and general high schools in Bursa. Emotional commitment scores were significantly higher than
both normative scores and ongoing loyalty scores (p<0,05) and it showed that there is no difference between ongoing loyalty and normative commitment scores (p<0,05). In the research, it has been reached a conclusion that school administrators have applied a moderate leadership behavior but the teachers participating in the research with a high level of commitment to their organizations. It has also been reached a coclusion that school administrators’ ethical leadership understanding has affected teachers’ organizational commitments in different levels.