Los arquetipos desempeñan un papel fundamental en la formación del inconsciente colectivo, y generan cambios significativos en la psique de la sociedad. En particular, y gracias a la tendencia del femvertising, las nuevas princesas de Disney proyectan arquetipos poderosos, como el de la reina o la guerrera. Esto contrasta con el arquetipo de la doncella, que solían representar las primeras princesas de la franquicia, marcándose así un cambio generacional en favor del empoderamiento femenino. El presente trabajo establece una clasificación cronológica de las princesas de Disney a través de un análisis semiótico arquetípico. Además, se abordan las características aceptadas y rechazadas generacionalmente en una mujer, y se comparan las princesas con las antagonistas de los cuentos. Las características que alguna vez se consideraron negativas en sus antagonistas han evolucionado para convertirse en atributos y valores positivos que ahora proyectan las nuevas princesas.
Drawing. Design. Illustration, Communication. Mass media
Modern illustration is widely used in packaging design, the expression of illustration in beverage packaging is constantly changing, illustration packaging design is also constantly innovating, promoting the development of packaging design, in order to adapt to the economic competition, the competition of innovative design. Taking Nongfu Spring, a well-known product, as the research object, the application of illustration art in beverage packaging is presented. Nongfu Spring cleverly makes use of consumers' psychology, and uses exquisite visual illustrations to stimulate consumers. At the same time, it integrates the design concept of packaging: creativity + product + communication, and uses composite materials to decorate, further strengthening the sense of trend of mass beverage packaging.
У статті надано аналіз сучасних матеріалів для комплексного захисту особового складу, військової техніки та об’єктів від атак противника. Мета роботи – аналіз використання сучасних матеріалів під час розроблення й упровадження засобів маскування військової техніки та особистого спорядження. Методологія статті полягає у зборі та аналізі існуючих матеріалів, які існують для маскування, класифікації технічних засобів, моделюваннї маскувальних засобів для об’єктів військової техніки та спецодягу. Результатами роботи статті є розкриття сутності та змісту комплексного використання матеріалів промислового виробництва, що призначені для влаштування маскування людей і об’єктів від виявлення різними засобами. Результати дослідження можуть бути корисними для фахівців у галузі військової науки, розробників та виробників військового обладнання, а також для військових стратегів та планувальників операцій. Практична значимість матеріалу статті полягає у тому, що вона розкриває основні принципи застосування матеріалів промислового виробництва в заходах маскування. У цьому аналізі досліджується низка інноваційних матеріалів, включаючи адаптивний текстиль, покриття, що відбивають інфрачервоне випромінювання, і рішення на основі нанотехнологій, а також їх застосування в дизайні камуфляжу для військової техніки, такої як танки, літаки та машини піхоти. Дана стаття розглядає використання сучасних матеріалів для камуфляжу військової техніки та особового складу. Досліджено актуальні технології та матеріали, які використовуються з метою підвищення ефективності приховування військового обладнання та особового складу на полі бою. Розглянуто не лише традиційні камуфляжні засоби, а й інноваційні матеріали, такі як термочутливі полімери, нанотехнології та ін., що дають змогу ефективно маскувати військову техніку в різних умовах. Висвітлено переваги та недоліки використання таких матеріалів, а також їхні можливі перспективи в аспекті вдосконалення засобів приховування на бойовому полі. Наукова новизна статті полягає у дослідженні інтеграції цих матеріалів в особисте спорядження, таке як уніформа, бронежилети та аксесуари, що підвищує ефективність окремих солдатів на полі бою; у її комплексному підході до проєктування маскувальних речей, рекомендаціях щодо підбору матеріалів, які відповідають практичним потребам військових. Представлено моделі з матеріалів, які сприяють маскуванню військової техніки, а також самих військових. Досліджено види матеріалів для маскування та можливість їх практичного використання, останні досягнення в матеріалознавстві та їхній вплив на військовий камуфляж.
The practice of ecological restoration spans a wide range of human interventions in socio-ecological systems. These interventions include activities ranging from plant propagation to river rerouting, and are done with the intention of bringing about desirable futures in response to ecosystem degradation. Through restoration, post-industrial sites have been transformed into thriving oases, and forests decimated by severe fire have been revegetated. This ever-expanding global body of work offers concrete, longstanding examples of people working together to design for transitions and create restored human habitats. In this paper, I frame this widespread movement of multiple epistemic cultures and their restorative projects as examples of designing for transitions. This paper concentrates on one specific subculture within restoration: the international Ecosystem Restoration Communities movement, which is a network of more than fifty restoration communities across thirty different countries working at the grassroots level to restore degraded land.
I analyse the case of the Ecosystem Restoration Communities movement using the lens of “theories of change” from the Transition Design framework, bringing the two fields into conversation. Transition Design scholarship argues for greater consideration of the theories of change that drive designing. As such, those who design for transitions need concrete examples of how a theory of change may be translated into a design strategy and designed artifacts as part of a change-making process. To this end, I present four themes of change theories present in the Ecosystem Restoration Communities network. I discuss how they are translated into restoration approaches and subsequently into designed artifacts through individual Ecosystem Restoration Communities. I present this case to strengthen the connection between designing for transitions and restoration, as well as to illustrate how theories of change can guide the work of designing transformative change.
As the Author has been constantly working in various fields of architecture since his student days (1976-1980) (designed, wrote professional and scientific papers, wrote books, managed the work of the faculty...), over time a large number of drawings, paintings... Most of the drawings presented in this work by the author in the period from 1983 to 1987. The author presented the drawings edited in 1983 to the public through an author's exhibition entitled 'Postcards of summer 1983', which was organized in the exhibition hall of the (then) Labor University „Đuro Đaković“ in Sarajevo, as part of the cultural promotion of Sarajevo and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on the occasion of the XIV Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo. As these drawings were used for illustrations in the spatialist (1985) and master's (1986) thesis as well as in the doctoral dissertation (1988), the Author worked with emphasized precision and their documentary nature, but 'cleaned of excess details'. In this way, the Author established a deep relationship with the artifacts on the spot, got to know them better and more or less 'remembered them for all time', which is not the case with the making of photographs. An incomparably greater number of drawings and paintings, with which the Author spoke about architecture, 'scattered over time'. This work is the connective tissue that connects most of the books and architectural projects that the Author has done so far.
Forgetting is often described as an undesirable sin of our memory, depicted as a completely uncontrollable action. If one desires to forget, it is to erase unimportant or unpleasant information. Moreover, the general mental model of memory suggests that we first remember and lastly forget.
Thus, the linear memory model suggests a one-way dynamic from remembering to forgetting. This mental model of memory has been projected into the digital space design, where one remembers by acquiring data and forgets by deleting it.
However, the advent of infinite data storage scenarios provides new opportunities to re-establish how we forget and remember using data repositories. I discuss a possible paradigm shift: how forgetting a memory can help remembering in longer terms by presenting a speculative design artefact, the Horcrux Ear. It was created using Research through Design approach that develops a new understanding of these processes’ temporality and spatial dimension of memory.
This paper aims to contribute to the debate over the relationship between forgetting and remembering, its role in the infinite data scenario, and the relationship between human and computer memory.
Further, it illustrates the circumstances in which: 1. Forgetting important memories is a desirable action; 2. Forgetting is a controllable action; 3. Forgetting is data creation rather than data deletion; 4. Forgetting is a means to remembering rather than the last step in the linear memory model.
Drawing. Design. Illustration, Architectural drawing and design
Thierry Groensteen’s concept of iconic solidarity (IS) is one of the most familiar terms in all of comics scholarship. This paper introduces a new theoretical term and concept, figural solidarity (FS), as a critical adaptation of Groensteen’s notion (1999; 2011); FS provides additional explanatory power in the central cases of narrative comics. FS is founded on the coreferentiality of sequential figures, which provides both cohesiveness and driving force for visual narratives. The introductory section compares empirical eye-tracking data with the hypothesized top-down strategies of readers influenced by FS, as they concentrate on recurring characters to understand narratives. Subsequent sections retrace FS’s theoretical roots in Groensteen, Mikkonen and other scholars. The concept of figure in the FS context is defined and intuitive motivation for it provided. We then address, without fully resolving, the question of whether and how linguistic theories of meaning can be applied to comics (with particular reference to Cohn’s Visual Language Theory). We hope that the concept of FS may promote a broader research program into how comics images create meaning.
Drawing. Design. Illustration, Literature (General)
ABSTRACT This article reports on a study in which, for five weeks, the English lessons of two classes of 11–12 year olds in Sweden were based on Roald Dahl’s Fantastic Mr Fox. To promote the learners’ engagement with the text, support understanding, and facilitate incidental vocabulary acquisition, a range of language-focused tasks were designed within the framework of the Storyline approach. In Storyline, a fictive world is created in the classroom. The story develops when learners, working in the same small groups, collaborate on open so-called key questions, which structure the Storyline, introduce happenings and problems, and link with the syllabus. Another characteristic is the integration of practical and theoretical subject content. Learners’ art work and texts are displayed on a frieze, or walls of the classroom, creating a visual record of the developing story. The study also investigated the influence on learning of the book’s illustrations, and the learners’ own drawings. The majority of the learners made gains in vocabulary, as evidenced in pre- and post-tests, writing and speaking tasks. While some learners had never thought about illustrations and drawings as a support, for many, both of these were found to be helpful.
Claire E. Reymond, Christine Müller, Indre Grumbinaite
Word production is stimulated by images in treatment processes for people with aphasia (Heuer & Hallowell, 2007). Although stimulation through pictorial stimuli has a long tradition in aphasia therapy, there is a lack in research on which image stimuli are the most suitable for this purpose (Brown & Thiessen, 2018). Current research assumes that stimulation via photographic images evokes better and more direct retrieve of searched words, than stimulation by illustrations (Heuer, 2016). However, the illustrations investigated so far mostly comprise black and white line drawings and there are hardly any studies investigating possible effects of different image parameters as style, image cropping or perspective in relation to clear naming. We developed a visual concept of illustrated images enabling clear determinability of activities and objects. The 128 designed stimuli that meet linguistic research criteria were named by 62 students regarding "name agreement" and evaluated on a 5-point scale with respect to "visual complexity" and "image agreement". The illustrated images will be examined in a following study regarding the correctness of the naming by persons with aphasia and be compared with corresponding photographic stimuli. The analysis presented here is part of the study E-Inclusion, an interdisciplinary project that includes researchers in life science technology, linguistics and speech therapy as well as image research from the University of Applied Sciences and Art Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW).
The purpose of the article is to clarify the meaning and functions of illustration festivals and book fairs from a socio-cultural perspective, as well as to determine and summarize the level of Ukrainian illustration’s representation in the international space through participation in such events. Research methodology. Empirical method, method of analysis and synthesis were applied. Journalistic materials on international events containing locations for the presentation of illustrative works and professional communication between illustrators were subject to analysis. Scientific novelty. The article considers the theoretical aspects’ importance of professional exhibitions of illustrators at international book fairs, competitions and festivals in the field of illustration for the development of this sector of creative industries. It is determined that these events are a powerful socio-cultural phenomenon and an effective platform for social communication between the main players in the sector. The events also perform a compensatory and motivating function for both professional environments and ordinary viewers of illustration, and their festivity and positive public response increase the illustration importance as a creative industries’ sector among the population. Also, for the first time, the article synthesizes factual data on the awards and prizes of Ukrainian illustrators, which exist in separate news publications, in the chronology of each event. It turned out that the most attractive for the participation of Ukrainian illustrators is The Illustrators Exhibition – Bologna Children’s Book Fair, as the chronology of achievements at this event is the longest and largest. The most successful illustrators in terms of international awards are Romana Romanyshyn and Andriy Lesiv («Agrafka»creative workshop). Conclusions. Over the last decade, Ukrainian illustration has been actively asserting itself internationally. The works created in 2010 correspond to world trends and attract the attention of foreign colleagues, publishers and critics. In recent years, the promotion and PR of illustrators have reached a much higher level, which increases the publicity of Ukraine’s achievements and strengthens the prestige of the sector in the public. The constant worldwide recognition of a narrow circle of Ukrainian illustrators in the presence of many talented authors raises the question of forming a culture of Ukrainian illustrators’ professional ambitions, when presenting themselves in international competitions and festivals, submitting their work should be understood as part of professional activity. The presentation of Ukrainian illustration in such events can be interpreted as a tool of cultural diplomacy of Ukraine in the international space.
Los niveles de contaminación ambiental provocados por la industria han sobrepasado la capacidad del planeta, en este resultado tiene una responsabilidad importante el diseñador de productos, por ello juega un papel sustancial la ética del diseñador en lo que respecta a la sustentabilidad. Las innovaciones de los biomateriales brindan una oportunidad en esa reivindicación, es así que, la investigación pretende a través de la aplicación de la celulosa bacteriana obtener nuevas posibilidades para la industria del diseño y cuidado del medio ambiente reduciendo los niveles de basura que generan los materiales comunes, debido a que este material celulósico es considerado como sustentable y de carácter renovable. Se planteó el desarrollo de los productos a través de la ruta metodológica ARZ, que coloca los criterios de sustentabilidad como eje de inicio y final al momento de plasmar la necesidad, ideación, venta, uso y desuso del nuevo producto. Como resultado se obtuvo un biomaterial con características fisicoquímicas y mecánicas que permitieron la aplicación en tres series de productos: calzado, carteras y bisutería. La sustentabilidad es la opción del nuevo pensamiento productivo del diseño y de los diseñadores, es decir, crear con responsabilidad social y ambiental.
Karabük’s Ovacık district is a settlement that has been used as a residential area since ancient times, though experiences recently an increase in immigrations from day to day due to various reasons which are mainly economical. Even though Ovacık is one of the rare residential areas whose architectural texture remained almost intact, the district has not been able to stand out with this aspect. Until 2019, no studies based on its rural architecture have been carried out in the district and its villages. Within the scope of this study, on-site investigations were made in all 12 neighborhoods of the village in order to determine the construction materials and techniques used in traditional buildings of Dudaş village. In addition, face-to-face interviews were held with those who are still alive among the craftsmen who built houses by using traditional methods in the region. In Dudaş village; wood and stone seem to be the most preferred building materials. The carrier system of the buildings is either a masonry system or a wooden framework or a wooden masonry system. It is also possible to see a combination of these production systems in one building. Both in the carrier system and interior elements of traditional buildings, wood is widely used. Stone is preferred in building foundations, garden walls and for filling the gaps between the wooden framework. Other traditional building materials found in the study area are adobe and clay bricks. Considering the construction system of the traditional buildings in this village, it can be seen that the ground floor walls are constructed out of rubble and coarse stone by using masonry technique, while for the upper floor walls adobe between wooden framework is used. This study is important in terms of recording and documenting the construction techniques, materials and traditional buildings of Dudaş village, which reflect the characteristic features of local architecture, which already lost some of their parts in time, and rapidly keep losing the other parts that have survived.
Within the last few years, a need for renewed product personalisation has been observed in some markets such as consumer electronics, fashion to meet the exact demands of the customers. Product customisation emphasises the fulfilment of explicit requirements of a defined market segment, but product individualisation targets at satisfying the particular needs of a customer. Mass Individualisation (MI) is a new product design approach comprising of an open hardware platform and multiple modules to be integrated with the platform. It gives freedom to end-users to integrate different modules into the platform as per their choice. Technological and strategic integration of all actors involved in the design process is the primary focus of this research. This paper identifies key areas which need to be focussed on to realise this approach and convert it into an industrial practice by an explorative study of existing product design and customisation approaches. An industrial survey was conducted, and results for the industrial implication and insights on this approach are presented. The findings show that the end product from product design for MI will be more creative and innovative by the networking of all actors, and offers more individualised and technologically advanced products.
Come si disegnava l’architettura negli anni ’30? È questo il quesito di partenza attraverso cui si vuole imbastire una più ampia riflessione sull’architettura di quel periodo, assumendo come riferimento un progetto siciliano di Luigi Moretti: la Casa del Balilla di Messina del 1936. L’analisi iniziale del corpus delle tavole di progetto dell’edificio ha preventivamente lo scopo di valutare i contenuti espressivi del disegno inteso come strumento disciplinare proprio dell’architettura. Ma il fatto che l’opera prima di Luigi Moretti in terra di Sicilia non abbia mai visto la luce ha altresì indotto all’elaborazione di un’esegesi ulteriore, consistente nella costruzione di un modello tridimensionale virtuale dell’edificio: un processo atto a verificare la complessità delle forme trascendendo l’imprevedibilità che pervade il prodotto ultimo di questa consecutio logico-applicativa degli strumenti propri della Scienza della Rappresentazione, le immagini digitali. Pertanto la riduzione dell’oggetto tridimensionale (il modello) in ente a due dimensioni (l’immagine) pone questioni sia metalinguistiche che proiettive: il modello funge da strumento critico che esplica la realtà immaginata da Luigi Moretti, restituendone – attraverso la forza euristica delle immagini – tutte quelle tensioni sintattiche, spaziali, architettoniche, urbane o addirittura territoriali che l’edificio avrebbe possibilmente generato.
Sihua Hu, Kaitlin T. Torphy, Kimberly Evert
et al.
Background/Context Teachers face many different problems in teaching. Traditionally, research examines the complexity of teaching students and content by focusing on a teacher's physical space and influencing factors therein. While established conceptions of curricular enactment suggest that instructional materials shape both the intended and enacted curriculum, the materials themselves are traditionally conceived of as those that the district officially adopts (e.g., textbooks) or creates (e.g., curricular pacing guides). Yet, in 21st-century schools, a new era of information and technology presides. Facilitated by the cloud, teachers’ professional learning and interactions meld with a global network of colleagues, extending to community of practices online and curating instructional resources therein. In particular, the use of social media to broaden and deepen teachers’ access to instructional resources is a potentially transformative and yet disruptive phenomenon that has implications for classroom instruction. Narrowly focusing on districts’ official curriculum and its enactment by the teacher as an individual who is shaped by (but does not shape) her school landscape may not, in fact, fully reflect teacher professionalism today and account for teachers’ professional life in the social continuum from cloud to class. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Situated in the conceptualization of managing problems in teaching and curating online resources as informal learning for the intended and enacted curriculum, this article builds on and extends these lines of research to examine teachers’ leverage of social capital—social network among individuals and resources available to people within their social network—from the virtual space to solve the problems common to teaching. Through this empirical illustration of resource diffusion from cloud to class, and how the curation of resource is integrated with teachers’ curriculum planning as well as classroom practices, we present a unique way of understanding teachers’ management of teaching problems in 21st-century schooling. Research Design We collected various types of data from 67 early-career teachers in one Midwestern state, including interviews, observation, and survey. We drew primarily on the interview data to exemplify our conceptual model of curation to address the problems of teaching. The three curation processes we identified are: (1) self-directed curation, (2) incidental curation, and (3) socialized curation. We observed more empirical evidence on the self-directed curation process in our data and chose to select a single case to go into further detail about the enactment of online resource in the classroom using the observation data, in additional to the interview data. We analyzed the case by specifying the perceived problems of teaching in one teacher's preparation to teach and how the curated resources from Teachers Pay Teachers were adopted and adapted to manage each of the problems, and the teacher's rationale for the decisions she made during the planning. We noticed, in this case and in other data that we have across teachers, that teachers rarely, if ever, directly articulate the curation of online resource for preserving classroom order, among the four endemic problems identified in the literature. Last, we examined the enactment of the online resource by describing teachers’ instructional practices in relation to her perceived ways of managing the problems of teaching. We also examined the resulting student learning in the mathematics lesson we analyzed. The single case of one teacher serves as an empirical illustration of how teachers could curate resources from the cloud in their planning and enactment of curriculum. Conclusions/Recommendations At the core of this study, we see teachers taking up their agency and drawing on a particular type of social capital resource to manage their enduring problems of teaching. We identified the different paths that teachers’ social capital may travel and accrue, and we argue for the importance of the community of practice online in the facilitation of resource flow from the cloud to the classroom. Also, we used a mathematics teacher's planning and enactment of instructional resources attained from the cloud for a three-day lesson series as an example to demonstrate how perceptions of teaching problems and curations of materials can culminate in a teacher's actual practices and impact student learning in the classroom. Our work has several implications for the field. First, although the different problems in teaching are well documented, teachers tend to seek out social capital resources from the virtual spaces to address some, but not all, of their problems. Specifically, preserving classroom order has not been present in our analysis of teachers’ articulation of their perceived problems for curation. Future studies can add more understanding to the online resources used in relation to teachers’ modes of curation and the type of teaching problems they hope to address. Second, the process of accessing the instructional resources, as delineated in the three modes of curation, demonstrates the complexity of the social network and social capital accrual mechanism in the 21st century, through which teachers’ professional communities expand beyond the school walls. Third, our work presents the considerations and thought processes of teachers’ curation of instructional materials in virtual spaces and enactment of the tasks. The combination of social capital resources and classroom processes in this study provides the foundation for researchers with different perspectives to further investigate the emerging phenomenon of social media and education.
Objective: To evaluate the health education infographics posted on Twitter accounts by major health care institutions in Saudi Arabia. Method: Cross-sectional review of health education infographics using a semi-structured evaluation form. The scoring rubric included 10 criteria grouped under 4 main headings: (1) usefulness, (2) legibility, (3) graphics and illustrations and (4) aesthetics. Rated on a scale of 1 to 5, scored items were summed and converted into a percentage. Each infographic was classified as being of high quality (70%–100%), medium quality (40%–69%) or low quality (0%–39%). Results: A total of 297 infographics were evaluated. The most common topics concerned chronic diseases and associated risk factors (n = 72) and healthy lifestyle (n = 51). The highest re-tweets (524), likes (605) and replies (226) were received by government organisations. Overall, 249 (83.8%) infographics were categorised as of ‘high quality’, 46 (15.5%) as ‘medium quality’, and 2 (0.7%) as ‘low quality’. The highest proportion (93%) of ‘high-quality’ infographics came from government hospitals. Among individual criterion, drawings (17.2%) made up the highest proportion of the ‘low quality’ category followed by overall design (10.8%) and purpose (10.8%). Light text (covering < 50% of the infographic) showed a significant statistical association with the number of replies (p = .007), number of likes (p = .003) and number of retweets (p = .018). Conclusion: The majority of infographics were rated as being of ‘high quality’. Government institutions were assessed as having better quality infographics than private hospitals. We recommend that social media design specialists and health education specialists collaborate to design clear infographics with better overall design.
This important new textbook describing the pediatric and adolescent hip is a long-awaited contribution to the orthopedic literature. There have been several less comprehensive attempts at producing such a text over the last 30 years, but this would appear to be the first that addresses all childhood and adolescent hip conditions in a comprehensive manner, including femoroacetabular impingement. The authors/editors are a distinguished group with both a North American and international viewpoint. Alshryda works in the Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University in the United Kingdom, while Huntley and Howard work at Sidra-Weill Cornell Medicine —Qatar (with Howard joining the DuPont Institute staff—Wilmington in mid-2019). Finally, Schoenecker is from Vanderbilt University (Nashville). Although remarkably international, the editors have had much of their education in the major children’s orthopedic training centers of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, or Australia, bringing a broad and contemporary tone to the text. The forward, by John Wedge (Toronto), nicely outlines the importance of this text and lauds its comprehensive nature. The extensive author list includes luminaries from throughout North America and the world, all who are considered experts in the field of children’s orthopedics. The topic of femoroacetabular impingement and other relatively new topics are well represented. The book is divided into 10 parts (38 chapters) with a very broad range of topics beginning with “Foundational Aspects” which includes history, anatomy, and biomechanics. This is followed by a magnificent treatise on developmental dysplasia of the hip, with part 3 devoted to Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphyses, and hip impingement. The sections on infection are excellent and include a chapter on tuberculosis of the hip. Trauma is covered only as it relates to proximal femoral and pelvic injuries. Neuromuscular hip conditions are well presented in 6 separate chapters in part 7. The excellent CP section reflects the life work of Kerr Graham and his Melbourne trainees. The needed chapters on syndromes and skeletal dysplasias as well as tumors and then miscellaneous hip conditions, such as bladder exstrophy and proximal femoral focal deficiency, round out the comprehensive index. The book’s well designed “educational layout” includes many attractive features. The editors have chosen to use so-called macro quotes (or “insets”) within each chapter, printed in a different color so that one can quickly browse the headlines or keynotes from each chapter. Each chapter closes in an extremely educational manner, with sections labeled “Classic Papers,” “Key Evidence,” and “Take HomeMessages” preceding the traditional reference list. The generally excellent reference lists range from those of modest length to a list of 391 publications ending the comprehensive developmental dysplasia of the hip chapter authored by Weinstein and colleagues of Iowa. The image quality is generally excellent, and most chapters can be described as well illustrated. One of the editors (Schoenecker) has a strong interest in digital illustration and apparently offered his technique to all authors. This provides a degree of standardization for many black-andwhite line drawings that have been converted to full color. This adds some uniformity to the text but not all authors utilized this approach. This digital drawing/color overlay technique can be very useful in most cases; however, in a few circumstances in this text, the color palette range and depth obscure some details of the drawing. This textbook is a timely and important contribution to the orthopedic literature on children’s and adolescent hip disorders and the editors can be proud with the results of their massive effort to accumulate and organize current information on this key subspecialty. As such, it will be required reading in all orthopedic departments throughout the world, and every children’s orthopedic surgeon will want to have his own copy.
En el ámbito de la arquitectura y el urbanismo, ¿qué significa proyectar algo nuevo? Este artículo problematiza el concepto de lo “nuevo” con base en la manera en que fue desplegado en las vanguardias artísticas europeas del siglo XX. Lo anterior, con el fin de analizar uno de los movimientos arquitectónicos más radicales de la historia occidental: el constructivismo ruso. La propuesta del artículo es que el ámbito de la arquitectura en especial resalta un problema “temporal” inherente al concepto de lo “nuevo” que no aparece en otros medios artísticos. La intención es que mediante el estudio del concepto de lo “nuevo” en el contexto del constructivismo, el lector pueda a su vez utilizar el marco histórico-conceptual presentado para asumir una postura crítica ante el ejercicio arquitectónico y urbanístico actual.