Hasil untuk "Architecture"

Jinzhou Luo, Jiazhao Sun, Xiaoli Hao et al.

<i>Myzus persicae</i> is the most devastating piercing-sucking pest threatening tobacco production. Precise quantification of infestation severity is a prerequisite for precision pest management, making the integration of visual image analysis highly essential for efficient management. Current computer vision models in modern agriculture are primarily designed for classifying various pest species, and there is a lack of image-driven analytical tools for assessing the severity of damage inflicted by a single target pest. To supplement existing analytical tools and enable the graded recognition of tobacco aphid (<i>M. persicae</i>) infestation levels, we propose the Aphid-ResNetSwin model. This model is constructed by integrating a Global Channel-Spatial Attention module (a specialized attention mechanism) into the well-established InceptionResNetV2 architecture. Performance evaluation results demonstrated that the Aphid-ResNetSwin model achieved a graded recognition accuracy of 89.11%. Compared with widely adopted mainstream baseline models in computer vision, such as MobileNetV3, SwinTransformer, and InceptionResNetV2, our proposed model exhibited superior performance in recognition accuracy. Furthermore, the classification accuracy of our model for <i>M. persicae</i> infestation across all severity levels was significantly higher than that of manual identification, with the exception of healthy leaves. Collectively, our findings indicate that the Aphid-ResNetSwin model provides a robust tool for the graded recognition of <i>M. persicae</i> infestation, offering valuable model-based support for the precision control of aphids in tobacco fields.

Dongjie Chen, Weiwei He, Minglong Ma et al.

This study develops a controlled furnace-cooling method to repair overburned Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys, traditionally considered irreversibly damaged. Slow cooling (0.7℃/min) enables molten grain boundaries to re-solidify into LPSO and RE-rich phases, eliminating defects. The restored alloy outperforms non-overburned counterparts in strength and ductility after extrusion. This breakthrough challenges the irreversibility of overburning and offers a practical industrial strategy to reduce material waste while advancing lightweight magnesium alloys for high-performance applications.

Huali Li, Huali Li, Mingguo Yang et al.

Impatiens hawkeri, a plant of great horticultural significance with high ornamental and economic value, is frequently afflicted by leaf spot disease caused by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, and effective biological control methods for this disease are yet to be fully explored. To address this issue, the plate confrontation method was used to isolate five antagonistic fungal strains from Quercus spinosa, which showed strong inhibitory effects against S. cucurbitacearum with inhibition rates of 53.12% for CG6, 43.42% for CG7, 68.13% for CY12, 54.30% for CJ18, and 67.23% for CJ19, respectively. Among them, strain CY12 demonstrated the highest antifungal activity, significantly suppressing the mycelial growth of S. cucurbitacearum. Through morphological observation and sequence analyses of ITS, TEF, and RPB2, CY12 was identified as Fusarium solani. Further experiments revealed that CY12 could produce cell wall hydrolases and exhibited multiple growth-promoting properties, such as phosphorus and potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, and it also produced various cell wall-degrading enzymes like amylase, cellulase, and β-glucanase. Additionally, CY12 showed strong antagonistic effects against six common ornamental plant pathogens, with an inhibition rate of 71.41% against the pathogen causing Rhododendron leaf spot disease. Pot experiments indicated that CY12 effectively reduced the occurrence of leaf spot disease on I. hawkeri plants, increased the seed germination rate from 93% in the control group to 98.33%, and promoted seedling growth. These results suggest that the endophytic fungus CY12 has strong antifungal and growth-promoting properties, providing potential strain resources for the biological control of leaf spot disease in I. hawkeri and the development of fungal fertilizers, and further exploration of its field application effects and action mechanisms is necessary.

Yi-Hsuan Lin, Lalitphat Khongsomchit, Sakdirat Kaewunruen et al.

IntroductionBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a multidisciplinary methodology that integrates information-rich data with virtual representations to support the management of built assets throughout their lifecycle. While BIM is increasingly adopted in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries and demonstrates significant value in infrastructure projects; however, its application in the railway sector remains limited. The complexity of railway networks, combined with the growing demand for transit projects, presents unique challenges that hinder effective implementation.MethodsThis study investigates the barriers of BIM adoption within the railway industry through a structured questionnaire distributed to professionals and a subsequent detailed analysis of responses.ResultsThis study identifies critical gaps in current BIM practices and highlights several severe obstacles that require urgent attention. Feedback reveals key challenges across four main areas: (1) Technology, (2) Market, (3) Socio-cultural factors, and (4) Policy.DiscussionBy outlining these barriers and suggesting potential solutions, the study provides valuable insights for stakeholders and identifies future research directions to advance BIM integration in railway projects.

Nurullah Bektaş, Maysam Shmlls

Product sustainability has moved beyond being an elective preference to becoming a certain necessity. However, earthquakes in different regions, particularly Türkiye–Syria, Afghanistan, and Morocco, have produced a substantial amount of construction waste and debris. In the context of green urban initiatives and environmental preservation, theeffective management and reduction of environmental impact (EI) are imperative. This urgency underscores the significance of the study’s focus on a ten-story reinforced concrete (RC) dormitory building in Győr, Hungary, chosen as a case study. The research delves into the incorporation of three distinct concrete compositions through seismic design, aligning with the innovative approach of emphasizing recycled aggregate-based concrete to mitigate the EI. Utilizing AxisVM X7 and Revit software, the study meticulously created and analyzed a detailed building model, revealing a significant percentage (35%) and amount (1519.89 tons) of concrete waste that could be incorporated into construction. The results also showed a reduction in both total carbon emissions and the price of materials by falling 27.5% and 9.13%, respectively. We propose an eco-friendly way to effectively reuse debris from earthquakes, focusing on the case study of the 2023 Türkiye–Syria earthquake and encouraging resource efficiency while also addressing the construction waste problems that arise after an earthquake.

Hend A. Elhawy, Laila Mohamed Khodeir, Ahmed Khaled

The challenges related to sanitation and water management in new urban communities have contributed to the emergence of visions of Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) and Water Sensitive Urban Design in cities worldwide to keep pace with these subtle changes in the shape of the urban environment. This research paper aims to monitor the main obstacles and challenges facing residents of new cities in Egypt and the environmental impacts resulting from those challenges in the urban context. A questionnaire was conducted among a group of the population. This study took the economic housing model for low-income people in the 6th of October City in Egypt as a case study. As a result, the study found that the main challenges facing the residents of these areas and their impacts are:1) Lack of regular maintenance. 2) Health risks to the population. 3) Damaging of public parks and gardens. 4) Pollution of the surrounding environment, including soil and water. 5) Lack of state funding for maintenance and Limited financial resources available for projects in this type of housing. 6) Lack of government engagement in preparing programs to raise population awareness and clarity in environmental goals and quality of life policies. 7) Lack of community initiatives to participate in decision-making. 8) Lack of political guidance on planning processes for sustainable infrastructure.

Serafina Amoroso

La aspiración principal de este artículo es que las breves notas que contiene puedan inspirar un debate político sobre la posibilidad de establecer una renovada relación entre la ciudad y el contexto territorial de Florencia y el río que los atraviesa (el Arno) para poder replantearla sobre la base de una mirada renovada y desde una perspectiva de género, no sólo en términos espaciales y físicos sino también en términos temporales y socioculturales. La metodología de trabajo adoptada aúna la investigación bibliográfica de tipo documental con la experiencia y observación directa de los lugares analizados. El texto se estructura en una primera parte en la que se contextualiza su contenido en el marco teórico del realismo agencial de Karen Barad, en una segunda parte en la que se explora brevemente en qué términos la relación e interacción entre ciudad, territorio y río ha favorecido el desarrollo de ciertas actividades a expensas de otras, y finalmente en una parte conclusiva en la que, ofreciendo una lectura crítica de la situación actual desde una perspectiva de género, se puedan vislumbrar potenciales pistas para delinear estrategias futuras para renovarla.

Jiangnan Zhang, Hai Wang, Fengjuan Cui et al.

The establishment of ship trajectory prediction is critical in analyzing trajectory data. It serves as a critical reference point for identifying abnormal behavior and potential collision risks for ships. Accurate and real-time ship trajectory prediction is essential during navigation. Since the timing of automatic identification system (AIS) data is irregular, traditional methods usually use time calibration to simulate the data of uniform sequencing before analysis. Inevitably, this increases the chances of error and time delays. To address this issue, we propose a time-aware LSTM (T-LSTM) single-ship trajectory model combined with the generative adversarial network (GAN) to predict multiple ship trajectories. These analysis methods are capable of directly analyzing AIS data and have demonstrated better performance in both single-ship and multi-ship trajectories. Our experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high accuracy and can meet the practical navigation requirements of ships.

Junkang Song, Wanjiang Wang, Pingan Ni et al.

Opening windows for ventilation in summer is an essential means to improve the indoor thermal environment and enhance comfort. At present, there are much researches on the factors affecting the occupants’ window-opening behavior, and the research on their optimization strategies is relatively scarce. This paper selects 13 typical climate cities in Xinjiang, uses LBT to simulate natural ventilation through parametric modeling and conducts experimental verification. The results show that the parametric model has high fitting accuracy (RMSE<0.8, R2>0.9). Subsequent optimization using GA in an optimized solution for summer open windows suitable for all parts of Xinjiang. Southern Xinjiang has the most significant increase in comfort, followed by northern Xinjiang and the smallest in eastern Xinjiang. The most effective (47.3%) is in Korla, southern Xinjiang. Through verification and comparison with related research, the optimized solution has good generalization ability and flexibility. The research results show that the optimal ventilation strategy significantly improves indoor comfort in rural areas in this region. This paper provides an effective tool and idea for studying the aspects of increasing the efficiency of the use of natural ventilation.

Ibrahim Alameri, Jitka Komarkova, Tawfik Al-Hadhrami et al.

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are used in a variety of research areas, including the military, industry, healthcare, agriculture, the Internet of Things (IoT), transportation, and smart cities. The swift advancement in MANET technology is the driving force behind this rising adoption rate. Routing over MANET is a critical problem due to the dynamic nature of the link qualities, even when nodes are static. A key challenge in MANETs is the need for an efficient routing protocol that establishes a route according to certain performance metrics related to the link quality. The routing protocols utilised by the nodes in WMNs and MANETs are distinct. Nodes in both types of networks exchange data packets through the routing protocols. For this highly mobile network, the ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been suggested as a possible solution. Recent years have attracted researchers’ attention to AODV since it is a routing technique for ad-hoc networks that prevents looping. The architecture of this routing protocol considers several factors, including the mobility of nodes, the failure of connection links, and the loss of packets. In this systematic review, one of the key focuses is bringing attention to the classic AODV, which was developed after discussing the recent development of several versions of AODV. The AODV routing protocol performs a path strength check to generate a more reliable and secure route between the source and destination nodes. In AODV, investigations demonstrate advances in both the format protocol approach and the network simulation-2 (NS-2), and these improvements were made in the same scenario used to revitalise AODV. It has been discovered that the AODV is more effective in several aspects, such as throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), energy consumption, jitter, packet loss ratio, and network overhead. Furthermore, this paper presents this systematic review based on AODV modifications in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). It also provides a methodological framework for the papers’ selection.

Jihoon Park, Sukkeun Kim, Geemoon Noh et al.

This study contains the process of developing a Mission Planning System (MPS) of an USV that can be applied in real situations and verifying them through HILS. In this study, we set the scenario of a single USV with limited operating time. Since the USV may not perform some missions due to the limited operating time, an objective function was defined to maximize the Mission Achievement Rate (MAR). We used a genetic algorithm to solve the problem model, and proposed a method using a 3-D population. The simulation showed that the probability of deriving the global optimal solution of the mission planning algorithm was 96.6% and the computation time was 1.6 s. Furthermore, USV showed it performs the mission according to the results of the MPS. We expect that the MPS developed in this study can be applied to the real environment where USV performs missions with limited time conditions.

Андрей Бодэ, Анна Ермакова

The construction history of the Church is revealed, the original architectural appearance is determined, the architectural, artistic and stylistic assessment is given, and the characteristic features of the monument's architecture are revealed. The completed comprehensive scientific surveys of the object allowed us to consider two options for restoration solutions and analyze their validity. The evaluation criteria are authenticity and reliability. Special attention is paid to preserving the patina of time and the naturalness of an old building.

D. Dilts, N. Boyd, H. H. Whorms

José-Lorenzo Cruz, Antonio González, M. Valero et al.

Maria Salomaa

Universities are expected to contribute to regional development through the ‘third mission’ going beyond traditional academic core functions. Hitherto, the literature has focused on a rather idealistic ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to university engagement, though in reality universities have different ways to carry out third-stream activities. This has been partly explained by geographical factors. Therefore, this paper focuses on how a particular context – in this case a rural region – can shape universities’ institutional responses towards the third mission. A single case study of the University of Lincoln (UK) demonstrates that a rural context has an impact on the way universities develop their entrepreneurial architectures. A contextual element, namely a rural region, was added to the entrepreneurial architecture framework, originally conceptualized by Vorley and Nelles in 2009 to study how the rural context affects the other dimensions of the entrepreneurial architectures framework. Tentative findings from the case study suggest that in rural regions universities face increased expectations to take leadership outside academia in the lack of other local knowledge institutions. The engagement is largely based on personal linkages with external stakeholders instead of a formal collaboration mechanism, while the structures and strategic choices are oriented towards serving the local job market and regional priority sectors. These results imply that a particular context shapes the university’s orientation and institutional responses to third-stream activities, and thus further context-sensitive studies on universities’ entrepreneurial architectures would be beneficial for exploring how universities can efficiently contribute to regional development in different environments.

Maria Isabel Imbronito, Marcos Mari Barreto

O livro A Construção Funcional Moderna, escrito por Adolf Behne em 1923, contém discussões fundamentais para a compreensão (e condução) da Arquitetura Moderna na década de 20. Em seu texto, o autor identifica correntes e categorias de pensamento diversas, e as explora em três tempos, determinando os três capítulos fundamentais de seu livro. O primeiro deles, objeto desse texto e tradução, tem como ênfase a recusa na adoção de princípios formais estabelecidos, e operação de retorno à finalidade para gerar um edifício vivo. O efeito desta operação reposiciona o conceito de edifício, libertando-o de uma condição estática e fachadista. Behne apoia-se nas casas de Frank Lloyd Wright dos anos 1900 para desenvolver seu argumento, e termina por escrever um texto acurado e preciso sobre a obra de Wright, apontando características que só se acentuariam na obra do arquiteto norte-americano nas décadas de 1930 e 40.

Zhijun Zhou, Jiangtao Lei, Shaobo Shi et al.

Aeolian sand high embankments are always damaged by earthquakes; however, little research has addressed this so far. In this study, shaking table tests were conducted on three aeolian sand high embankment models. Based on the shear failure mechanism of aeolian sand, the seismic responses of model embankments were analyzed. When seismic waves were inputted, the horizontal acceleration magnification (HAM) of three models always exceeded 1.0, and showed an increasing trend with height. Furthermore, according to the HAM change rules of three models under different input peak accelerations, the destruction of model embankments under earthquakes includes three stages: the reflected wave emergence (RWE) stage, the reflected wave strengthening (RWS) stage, and the acceleration magnification attenuation (AMA) stage. According to this definition, models with slopes of 1/1.2 and 1/0.8 experienced all three stages during tests, and the critical horizontal acceleration transform from the RWS stage to the AMA stage appeared. The model with a slope of 1/1.5 only experienced RWE and RWS stages during the test. At the end of the tests, the macroscopic instability mechanisms of all three models were studied, which were found to match the distribution law of HAM during tests and the destruction stage definition.

J. A. Fisher

K. Ebcioglu, E. Altman

A. Venkat, D. Tullsen