Hasil untuk "Technological innovations. Automation"

Hemanth Ponnambalath Mohanadas, A Manikandan, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail et al.

Abstract BackgroundThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical devices is transforming health care by enabling enhanced personalization and precision medicine. AI-driven medical devices can tailor treatments based on individual patient profiles, including genetic data, medical history, and physiological parameters. This advancement holds the potential to refine therapeutic interventions, improve patient outcomes, and streamline health care delivery. However, challenges such as data quality, algorithmic bias, patient privacy, and regulatory complexities hinder the full realization of AI-driven personalization. By 2030, the global AI in health care market is projected to exceed US $187.95 billion, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 37% from US $15.1 billion in 2022. ObjectiveThis review aims to explore the scope and impact of AI-driven personalization in medical devices. It seeks to analyze key technological innovations that have enabled AI integration, identify the critical challenges impeding progress, and evaluate strategies to address these challenges. Additionally, it highlights future research directions and innovation opportunities in this evolving field. MethodsA systematic review was conducted, drawing from scholarly literature, industry analyses, and regulatory advisories. Relevant studies and case examples were analyzed to assess the current applications of AI in medical devices, the barriers to its implementation, and best practices for overcoming these barriers. Ethical, technical, and regulatory considerations were also examined. The review included studies published between 2016 and 2023, covering over 100 peer-reviewed articles and reports. ResultsThe review highlights significant advancements in AI-driven medical devices, including applications in diagnostics, treatment personalization, wearable health monitoring, and smart prosthetics. AI-based diagnostic tools have achieved up to 98.88% accuracy in multiclass disease classification from X-ray images and 95% accuracy in insulin injection site recognition. It identifies key challenges such as data security risks, algorithmic biases, regulatory constraints, and integration issues with existing health care infrastructures. Currently, more than 70% of clinical decisions rely on diagnostic tests, yet AI-driven automation could reduce diagnostic delays by up to 50%. Several strategies, including improved data validation techniques, regulatory frameworks for AI approval, and ethical guidelines, were found to be effective in mitigating these challenges. Case studies demonstrate how AI has enhanced medical device functionality and patient outcomes. ConclusionsAI-driven personalization in medical devices holds immense potential to revolutionize health care, offering more precise, adaptive, and patient-centered solutions. However, successful implementation requires addressing technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges. Emerging technologies such as quantum computing could improve AI-driven medical diagnoses by 10‐20 times in processing efficiency, while blockchain-based patient data management could reduce security breaches by more than 30%. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, health care professionals, policymakers, and industry leaders, fostering informed discussions and guiding future advancements in AI-enabled personalized medicine.

Matthew Chidozie Ogwu, Sylvester Chibueze Izah

Linnea Tavakoli Hagström, Zeina Othman

This paper explores how Responsible Innovation (RI) is enacted at the firm level in the digital healthcare sector, with a focus on user inclusion. While RI has gained traction, its practical implementation within firms remains under-theorised. Drawing on a relational approach, this study examines how sociomaterial and spatiotemporal dynamics shape user inclusion in an early-stage digital health startup. Through a longitudinal qualitative field study, we identify key barriers and enablers of inclusion, including material agency and implicit social norms. Our findings extend RI frameworks by showing that inclusion is not merely procedural or normative, but a situated practice shaped by interactions between human and non-human actors. This study contributes to both RI theory and organisational practice by offering a grounded understanding of how user inclusion unfolds in real-world innovation contexts.

Mahidur R. Sarker, Maher G. M. Abdolrasol, Saad Mohamad Hanif Md et al.

Agricultural automation (AA) driven by artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a transformative approach to addressing modern farming challenges, such as resource optimization, animal health monitoring, precision farming, and supply chain efficiency. This study examines the adoption and development of AI and IoT technologies in agriculture over the past decade, focusing on key advancements, trends, and their practical applications in the field. A bibliometric analysis of 3404 publications from 2014 to 2024, revealing a 402% growth in research output over the decade, with 18.21% of contributions originating from China and 13.82% from the United States, highlighting these nations’ leadership in this field. Prominent themes include smart agriculture, precision farming, and AI-driven decision-making systems. The findings also show a comparatively lower contribution from European countries, indicating potential areas for collaborative growth. This analysis identifies critical tools and technologies, such as IoT-enabled sensors and AI-powered data analytics that address real-time agricultural issues, such as crop health monitoring and yield prediction. The bibliometric analysis identifies key themes including smart agriculture, precision farming, and AI-driven decision systems. Performance data from reviewed studies show that Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models achieve up to 97% accuracy in yield prediction based on time-series data, while convolutional neural networks reach 90%–99% accuracy in image-based plant disease detection. IoT-enabled precision irrigation systems demonstrate 20%–30% water savings, and autonomous machinery has been shown to reduce labor requirements by up to 25%. Furthermore, the study anticipates significant future advancements, including enhanced energy-efficient IoT devices and integration of robotics in farming. By presenting a comprehensive review of the literature and identifying gaps in current research, this work provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders aiming to accelerate the adoption of AI and IoT in agriculture.

Fernando Marcos de Oliveira, Marcelo Henrique Manzke Brandt, Fabiano Salvadori et al.

Photovoltaic (PV) systems face challenges in achieving maximum energy extraction due to the non-linear nature of their current versus voltage (I<i>x</i>V) characteristics, which are influenced by temperature and solar irradiation. These factors lead to variations in power generation. The situation becomes even more complex under partial shading conditions, causing distortion in the characteristic curve and creating discrepancies between local and global maximum power points. Achieving the highest output is crucial to enhancing energy efficiency in such systems. However, conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques often struggle to locate the global maximum point required to extract the maximum power from the PV system. This study employs genetic algorithms (GAs) to address this issue. The system can efficiently search for the global maximum point using genetic algorithms, maximizing power extraction from the PV arrangements. The proposed approach is compared with the traditional Perturb and Observe (P&O) method through simulations, demonstrating its superior effectiveness in achieving optimal power generation.

Serge P.J.M. Horbach, Rachel Fishberg, Sven Ulpts et al.

Scandals involving cases of research misconduct are often considered to be main drivers for policy initiatives and institutional changes to foster research integrity. These impacts of scandals are usually witnessed during scandals’ peak visibility. In this article we change this perspective by examining the way in which scandals continue impacting academic institutions long after the initial attention has faded. To do so, we empirically study research integrity courses at multiple Danish universities. We combine data from document analysis, participatory observations and interviews. In addition, this article makes a conceptual contribution by introducing the notion of the ‘institutional afterlife’ of a scandal. We use this notion to demonstrate how scandals can affect academic communities and practices long after their initial visibility has faded, by re-entering communities and institutions. We thereby contribute a novel approach to studying scandals and their wider implications in academia.

Harsh Deswal, Ullas Pandey, Shiv G. Singh et al.

Microfluidics explores the fluid behavior at micron scale and is therefore suited to applications that need precise manipulation of fluids at small length or volume scales. In a span of over two decades, microfluidics has become an essential tool for modern genome sequencing platforms, single-cell analysis and common diagnostic tests. Despite many successful applications, the field has various challenges: Fabrication processes are yet to transition to commercial materials, microfluidic systems are reliant on skilled operators, and supporting equipment. Technological innovations in automation are needed to enable easy to use, completely on-chip microfluidic systems. Sensors are a critical component of any automated system. Fluid and flow properties such as flow rate, pressure, temperature, viscosity are critical to applications in drug development, and material/chemical synthesis. The flow rate (μL/min or nL/min) predictions based on external (off-chip) flow measurements can lead to erroneous calculations. The present work explores a technique based on chronoamperometry to measure flow rates inside a microchannel. Chronoamperometry based redox cycling of aqueous NaCl was performed by using interdigitated electrodes (IDE). The sensor measures current transients (which are modulated by the flow rate of the solution) effected by redox reactions on surface of the electrodes. The sensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.016 (μL/min)−1 change in charge transfer per unit change in flow rate and 3σ resolution of 9.3 μL/min. The calibration curve is linear in the range 0 – 200 μL/min, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 5 μL/min, making it suitable for various microfluidics applications.

Levan Sabauri, Nadezhda Kvatashidze

For a long time, investors and other interested parties have not been satisfied with the only financial achievements of companies - profitability, dividend payments and other financial indicators. Today, investors are interested in the long-term sustainability of companies -social and environmental responsibility, which becomes the basis for making investment decisions. With the efforts of the governments and financial institutions of the world's leading countries, significant work has been done on defining and evaluating ESG sustainability principles and creating unified global international standards. As of today, the International Sustainable Standards Board (ISSB) has developed draft standards, which are still under review, requiring analysis, implementation and taxonomy with IFRS standards - presentation and disclosure requirements. Familiarization with the ESG principles of sustainability and the IFRS S1 and S2 sustainability reporting projects developed by ISSB; understanding the importance of prospective scenarios for the information on climate change risks (physical and transition); and studying the issues of consolidation with IFRS standards. Guiding recommendation materials of ISSB, international audit companies ("Big Four"), scientific articles, methods of systematization and comparative analysis. The concepts of sustainable development are familiarized; ISSB projects and the "Big Four" methodological materials are analyzed. Furthermore, corporations will be required to submit sustainability reports commencing in 2024.

K. Saivarun, R. Ramakrishnan, M. Kishore

With the advanced computer innovation and automation, the industries across the world have undergone a major revolution. This led to the increased living standards of the commoner and contributed to the country's economic growth. IoT has transformed itself to suit various fields, namely home automation, smart devices, and significantly contributing to the healthcare sector. IoT provides a perfect solution for cost reduction over to 1/10th of the conventional systems. IoT also effectively increases the productivity and efficiency of any industry, thus contributing to its development. Unlike Traditional Systems, we have used IoT technology to make a Smart Industry Monitoring and Alerting System and perform data analytics on sensor readings using cloud service successively. This will detect any leakage of harmful gases, and thus reports the details of the leakage effectively. This model's vision is to develop a system that automatically senses and alerts the corresponding officials, thus stopping gas leakages in those permeable areas. Throughout this paper, our prototype's technological advantages - “IoT Based Smart Industry Monitoring and Alerting System” are being explored.

U. O. Matthew, J. S. Kazaure, Onyebuchi Amaonwu et al.

Biljana Macura, J. McConville, Solveig L. Johannesdottir et al.

Background Research and development on the recovery and reuse of nutrients found in human excreta and domestic wastewater has intensified over the past years, continuously producing new knowledge and technologies. However, research impact and knowledge transfer are limited. In particular, uptake and upscaling of new and innovative solutions in practice remain a key challenge. Achieving a more circular use of nutrients thus goes beyond technological innovation and will benefit from a synthesis of existing research being readily available to various stakeholders in the field. The aim of the systematic map and online evidence platform described in this protocol is threefold. First, to collate and summarise scientific research on technologies that facilitate the recovery and reuse of plant nutrients and organic matter found in human excreta and domestic and municipal wastewater. Second, to present this evidence in a way that can be easily navigated by stakeholders. Third, to report on new relevant research evidence to stakeholders as it becomes available. Methods Firstly, we will produce a baseline systematic map, which will consist of an extension of two previous related syntheses. In a next stage, with help of machine learning and other automation technologies, the baseline systematic map will be transformed into ‘living mode’ that allows for a continually updated evidence platform. The baseline systematic map searches will be performed in 4 bibliographic sources and Google Scholar. All searches will be performed in English. Coding and meta-data extraction will include bibliographic information, locations as well as the recovery and reuse pathways. The living mode will mostly rely on automation technologies in EPPI-Reviewer and the Microsoft Academic database. The new records will be automatically identified and ranked in terms of eligibility. Records above a certain ‘cut-off’ threshold will be manually screened for eligibility. The threshold will be devised based on the empirically informed machine learning model. The evidence from the baseline systematic map and living mode will be embedded in an online evidence platform that in an interactive manner allows stakeholders to visualise and explore the systematic map findings, including knowledge gaps and clusters.

Federico Cassioli, Giulia Fronda, M. Balconi

The fourth industrial revolution comprehends smart manufacturing, where sensors, computing platform, and data modeling are employed (Kusiak, 2018). Di Nardo et al. (2020), in the frame of Industry 4.0, developed a model where the role of management is key in this new highly networked environment. It is suggested that cyber-physical systems, along with massive data acquisition and mining, might support the decision making and planning execution phases. In this framework, technological advancements are a necessary, but not sufficient condition. In fact, a functional and targeted human–machine interaction, defined as a communication/interaction between the human user and machines via different interface in a dynamic context, is also essential. Management has to oversee the rising demand for tech-innovation, which is essential because of the renewed complexity, the stricter time-to-market process, and a higher competition generated by globalization (De Carolis et al., 2016), and to ensure that innovation fits well within the work environment. In this sense, the automation of part of the process adds value only if substantial changes are implemented among all the organization, which happens when the efficiency of the machine is strengthened by human cognitive skills and adequate flexibility. Under this light, neuromanagement, a new branch of management, was recently developed, where decision-making processes (Balconi and Fronda, 2019, 2020a) and social behavior and interaction (Balconi and Vanutelli, 2017; Venturella et al., 2017; Balconi and Fronda, 2020b) are studied in real-world situations by using a neuroscientific approach. The conjunction and the outcome of this multidisciplinary approach might boost smart manufacturing, in particular for co-bot technology, where operational fluency between agents has a significant weight for safety and productivity reasons. In this work, with the term “co-bot,” we intend to underline its collaborative dimension, being it the main feature that differentiates from other technological systems (Ajoudani et al., 2018).

Sukhpal Kaur, Krishnendu Rarhi

Wioletta Wierzbicka

A very important factor in sustainable development, especially of small cities, is their endogenous capital, including human capital. Cities with a higher level and quality of human capital are able to gain advantage in productivity and competitiveness, and they can develop more rapidly owing to the “knowledge spillover”. Differences in the level of human capital between cities also affect the pace of development of an entire region and country. It is therefore important to analyze the scale of such differentiation, particularly among small cities, which are struggling with problems like urban shrinkage, talent drain or peripheralisation. The aim of the research was to assess the differentiation in the level of human capital among small cities in the warmińsko-mazurskie voivodship. The study covered 39 small cities. The Perkal synthetic indicator was applied to assess the level of human capital. Based on the values of this indicator, the cities were ordered linearly and grouped, using the standard deviations method. The level of human capital in the cities included in the study was significantly varied. The highest positions in the ranking were taken: Mikołajki, Lubawa, Biskupiec, Kisielice, Zalewo and Olsztynek. These cities were classified into the group of cities with high level of human capital. The lowest values of the human capital synthetic indicator were achieved for the cities: Sępopol, Jeziorany, Korsze, Pieniężno and Reszel. These cities were classified as cities with a very low level of human capital. The research results can help to design a strategy for the socio-economic development of the voivodship and to identify areas in need of strategic intervention.

B. Raj, Varun Upadhyay

The term ‘FinTech’ is a combination of the words ‘financial’ and ‘technology’. It can be broadly defined as technology-enabled financial innovation that could result in new business models, applications, processes or products with an associated material effect on financial markets, institutions and the provision of financial services. FinTech, therefore, has the potential to reshape the financial services and financial inclusion landscape in India in fundamental ways. Through their innovations, new business models and applications, FinTech firms can help increase competition and play an important role in accelerating Financial Inclusion in India by helping reduce costs and improving access to financial services to the under-served, persons in low income groups, rural and other under-served sectors of the Indian economy. An estimate suggests that almost 90% of micro units in India are still outside the formal credit system. This segment, along with the small enterprises, can benefit immensely from a collaboration between banks and FinTech players, whereby their other payment records can form a basis for assessing their credit worthiness. It is noteworthy that a number of FinTech players have witnessed strong growth over the past few years and from being virtually unheard of, at the beginning of this decade, today we have as many as 1218 entities operating in India. This paper, therefore, takes stock of the technological revolution that is shaping the future of finance in India and the important role FinTech can play in accelerating Financial Inclusion in India. It also discusses the regulatory initiatives taken to spur the FinTech movement in India, the framework for Regulatory Sandbox in India and the steps required to help achieve the potential that the sector offers towards growth and inclusion. The paper draws insights from the work of leading FinTech firms focused on enhancing financial inclusion in our country and discussions with industry experts and officials leading the FinTech agenda in our country. It proposes accelerating the agenda of financial inclusion through innovation and offers solutions on how FinTech can help in this regard. The paper also discusses the importance of an ecosystem which promotes collaboration and advocates the need for banks and FinTech firms to work together for their mutual benefit. It discusses how to harness the benefits of FinTech while ensuring that concerns relating to data confidentiality and customer protection are also addressed. As regards the potential risks and their mitigation, the important role of RegTech and SupTech i.e. technologies which help improve efficiency through the use of automation, introducing new capabilities and streamlining workflows, is also discussed. The key to success in FinTech is to harness the benefits while managing the risks. Therefore, this paper concludes with the need to have an appropriate regulatory and supervisory framework to facilitate the growth of this sector to ensure that FinTech continues to help accelerate Financial Inclusion in India.

T. Branca, B. Fornai, V. Colla et al.

The technological transformation in the European steel industry is driven by digitalization, which has the potential to strongly contribute to improving production efficiency and sustainability. The present paper describes part of the work developed in the early stage of the project entitled “Blueprint ‘New Skills Agenda Steel’: Industry-driven sustainable European Steel Skills Agenda and Strategy (ESSA)”, which is funded by the Erasmus Plus Programme of the European Union. The project aims at achieving an industry driven, sustainable and coordinated blueprint for addressing the economic, digital and technological developments, as well as increasing energy efficiency and environmental demands through continuously update of qualification, knowledge and skill profiles of the workforce. On the one hand, main aspects of the current state of the technological transformation in the steel sector are described through the analysis of the main recent innovation projects and developments. On the other hand, survey results from a dedicated questionnaire addressed to the European steel companies are analyzed, providing an overview on the (planned) technological transformation affecting the steel sector. The existing levels of plant automation and the possible adoption of the new paradigm of Industry 4.0 are discussed, by also considering the possible impact on the workforce. Main results are that the steel industry foresees an implementation of almost all Industry 4.0 technologies not only for competitive but also environmental improvement. Because this is foreseen in an incremental way upskilling of the existing workforce is a precondition, not only because of recruitment difficulties on the employment market but also because the existing qualification and experience of the workplace is necessary to unfold the full potential of digital and green transformation.

K. Kopishynska

Kateryna Kopishynska. "Current state and prospects of digital transformation of the transport and logistics sector of Ukraine". The article examines the current state of digital transformation of enterprises in the transport and logistics sector and identifies key prospects for its development. Diagnosis of Ukraine's results in the international rankings, which determine the intensity and direction of use of digital technologies and ICT by countries, found that the country's position on these indicators is average or below average among the studied countries. Analysis of the evaluation of the innovation index of Ukrainian companies for enterprises in the transport and logistics sector revealed that most of the innovations implemented by enterprises relate to digital technologies and ICT. However, these companies are technological market leaders and do not fully reflect the trends of the entire industry. Analysis of the use of ICT in the transport and logistics sector by domestic enterprises showed that in 2019 almost 90% of enterprises use the Internet in their activities, only 22% have their own website, and less than 9% of the total number of enterprises in the sector use cloud computing. In 2020, due to the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the implementation of quarantine measures to prevent its spread, there were significant changes in the functioning of the world economy in general, and the transport and logistics sector in particular. To determine the prospects for the digital transformation of the transport and logistics sector, it was proposed to define them by levels and directions. Four main levels of digital transformation were proposed: microlevel (internal management and business processes of the enterprise), mesolevel (interaction of the enterprise with consumers, clients and partners), macrolevel (interaction of the enterprise with the state and state regulation and management) and megalevel (harmonization with international rules and integration with international infrastructure). Among the most promising areas are proposed the automation of management and production processes, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, robotics, last mile delivery, warehouse automation, blockchain, data analysis, cloud computing, autonomous vehicles.

Xiaolin Yao, Qiaoling Wei, Qisong Zhang

The fast development of a new generation of information technology represented by artificial intelligence has brought a far-reaching impact to the financial management activities in enterprises. In the future, big data, artificial intelligence and robot process automation will be widely applied, these promoted the transformation of traditional financial management into intelligent financial management [1]. How to meet the demand of financial management transformation in the big data era is an important issue that all universities and colleges should consider. By integrating OBE educational concept and CDIO engineering education mode, this paper reforms the curriculum system and teaching contents of financial management major of undergraduate education in order to improve students' ability of big data analysis. With the help of school-enterprise cooperation resources and technological advantages, the undergraduate education can cultivate compound and intelligent financial management talents to meet the needs of enterprises in the era of big data

Michal Beno

The future of work is shaped by technological progress, globalisation and glocalisation, and societal and institutional change. As a result of recent developments, a diverse world of work with significant differences in working conditions by industry and occupation will develop, with a focus on creative, interactive and more complex activities with essential skills. At the same time, demands on companies with regard to innovation and flexibility are growing. To understand the future of work, we believe it is essential to explore four major factors that will impact on the future of work: 1) Technological progress, IT platforms, the sharing and knowledge economy; 2) Demographic, social and environmental changes; 3) Globalisation and glocalisation; and 4) Labour flexibility. Our aim is to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the future of work by examining these four key factors that influence today’s labour market, because this market is agile, since people can work anywhere at any time. In summary, seeing automation as synonymous with job losses is not correct. We contend that it is a mistake to believe that globalisation and technological advances lead to a reduction in the demand for human employees. However, it is possible that the opposing viewpoints of those who agree and those who disagree with this opinion are causing a polarisation of the workforce. Changes in our society, such as the constantly evolving demography, as well as environmental issues and ICT, have an influence on the way we work, and when, how and where we work.

Roman P. Bulyga, Alexey A. Sitnov, Liudmila V. Kashirskaya et al.