Hasil untuk "Sports medicine"

Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad, Louisa Si Xian Lim, Jason Kai Wei Lee et al.

Abstract Background Passive and exertional hyperthermia can compromise gastrointestinal (GI) integrity, contributing to systemic complications and heat stroke. Intestinal epithelial injury, a potential early event in this cascade, is likely multi-factorial and context-dependent, influenced by thermal, metabolic and mechanical stress. We compared the effects of passive hyperthermia (PaH) and exertional hyperthermia (RUN) at matched peak body core temperature (Tc) on intestinal epithelial injury and endotoxin translocation to delineate the relative contributions of these mechanisms. A prolonged brisk walking (WALK) condition was included as an exploratory condition relevant to occupational heat exposures. Methods In this randomised, counterbalanced, repeated-measures study conducted per CONSORT guidelines, 15 male endurance athletes (age: 26 ± 3 years, VO2peak: 64 ± 6 ml/kg/min) completed PaH, WALK and RUN. PaH involved warm water immersion (42.0 ± 0.3 °C) to nipple level. WALK comprised 60 min at 6 km/h, 7% incline, followed by 30 min at 6 km/h, 1% incline to prolong exercise and facilitate continued heat storage if Tc<39.5 °C after 60 min. RUN involved treadmill running at 69 ± 2% VO2peak. PaH and RUN continued until Tc reached 39.5 °C, volitional exhaustion or 60 min. Tc, heart rate (HR), perceptual responses, and concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were assessed. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of post-condition IFABP. Results Peak Tc was similar between PaH (39.3 ± 0.3 °C) and RUN (39.4 ± 0.2 °C, P = 0.944), and lower in WALK (38.2 ± 0.4 °C, both P < 0.001). Cumulative heat load assessed by area under the curve Tc≥38 °C was similar between WALK (36.4 ± 11.3 °C/min) and RUN (34.3 ± 7.5 °C/min, P > 0.999) but lower in PaH (25.7 ± 5.6 °C/min, P < 0.05 vs. WALK, P < 0.01 vs. RUN). IFABP increased in RUN (745 ± 432 pg/ml vs. 1855 ± 1465 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and WALK (767 ± 476 pg/ml vs. 1144 ± 995 pg/ml, P < 0.05), but not in PaH (848 ± 569 pg/ml vs. 870 ± 562 pg/ml, P = 0.916). Post-condition IFABP was higher in RUN than PaH (P < 0.01) and WALK (P < 0.05), and similar between PaH and WALK (P > 0.999). LPS decreased in all conditions (all P < 0.05). Body fat percentage, body mass loss and body mass index explained 15% of the variance in post-condition IFABP. Conclusions Intestinal epithelial injury occurred following exertional, but not passive hyperthermia, at matched peak Tc. This highlights that combinations of thermal, metabolic and mechanical stress drive GI injury rather than Tc elevation alone. Prolonged low-intensity exercise relevant to occupational exposures may incur sufficient cumulative heat load to induce subclinical intestinal injury. Interventions should consider managing exertional load alongside thermal strain to protect gastrointestinal health.

Yanbiao Zhong, Meng Ren, Wenjing Wang et al.

Introduction: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is a specific type of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) paradigm with long-lasting effects and a short session duration. Although randomized controlled trials have suggested that iTBS is effective for treating depression, few studies have investigated the effects of iTBS in treating post-stroke depression (PSD). The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether iTBS can be used to treat PSD. We will also investigate the corresponding mechanisms of iTBS via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods and analysis: We will recruit 36 PSD patients for this single-center, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Subjects will be randomly divided into the following two groups according to a 1:1 ratio: the active iTBS group and the sham iTBS group. The data will be collected at 0 and 10 d after the commencement of treatment. The primary outcome will be comprised of scores on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The secondary outcomes will consist of MRI results and the results of neuropsychological tests, including the Brief 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale for clinician administration, and Young Mania Rating Scale. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been granted by the Ethics Committee of Yueyang Integrative Medicine Hospital, an affiliate of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shanghai, China; Grant No. 2019-108). Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant before any procedures are performed. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences. Trial registration number: ChiCRT1900027686.

F.C.E. Watson, O. O'Sullivan, A. Bennett et al.

Objective: Prevalence of hip osteoarthritis (OA) is rarely reported in young populations (e.g., military). We will report the prevalence of hip OA in a young military cohort and investigate the relationship between injury and progression/incidence. Design: ADVANCE is a prospective cohort study comparing physical and psychosocial outcomes in 1145 men who served in Afghanistan including 579 men with combat injury (Exposed) who were frequency-matched to 566 controls (Unexposed). The Exposed group was sub-divided into hip injured (Exp-H), lower limb amputation (Exp-A) and other (Exp-NA). Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scores of pelvic radiographs and Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) questionnaires were collected across two waves (Baseline and Follow-up). Prevalence at Baseline (KL ​≥ ​2), progression (KL ​≥ ​1 ​at Baseline, KL ​≥ ​2 ​at Follow-up) and incidence (KL0 at Baseline, KL ​≥ ​2 ​at Follow-up) at Follow-up were reported and compared between groups for KL and NAHS. Results: Baseline prevalence of radiographic hip OA was 8.5 ​% and 4.4 ​% in the Exposed and Unexposed groups, respectively. Exp-A and Exp-H groups had 3.88 (95%CI:2.27–6.63) and 7.18 (95%CI:3.44–14.98 times increased risk for radiographic hip OA than Unexposed. Exp-A and Exp-H had a 2.15 (95%CI:1.22–3.80) and 3.28 (95%CI:1.42–7.59) times increased radiographic progression risk, compared to Unexposed. Risk of NAHS Progression and Incidence were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Radiographic hip OA prevalence is higher in a young military population than in a similarly aged general population. Combat injury alone may not increase hip OA prevalence; but hip and lower limb loss injuries do. Progression risk is highest in those with hip or limb loss injuries.

Dane R.G. Lind, BA, Meagan J. Sabatino, MSL, Virginia C. Clark, BS et al.

Background: Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLR) have increased dramatically in recent years. However, a comprehensive list of short-term complications related to this procedure has yet to be reported. This study aimed to report complication rates in pediatric ACLR using submissions to the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II Oral Examination. A secondary goal was to assess the relationship of complications with patient sex, geographic region of surgery, surgical volume, and surgeon fellowship training. Methods: A query was submitted to the ABOS Part II Oral Examination Case List Database for all ACLR performed in patients younger than 19 years between 2000 and 2021. Surgeon fellowship training, geographic region of surgery, and patient demographics were included, along with medical, surgical, and anesthetic complications, reoperation, and readmission. Statistic comparisons used chi-square tests for categorical variables with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Surgical complications were the most common type of complication, present in 10.1% of pediatric ACLR. Stiffness (3.6%) and infection (1.5%) were the most prevalent surgical complications. Females had higher rates of overall complications than males (11.9% vs. 10.4%, P = 0.010). Females also had higher rates of surgical complications (10.7%–9.5%, P = 0.019) -- specifically stiffness (5.0%–2.2%, P < 0.001). However, males had higher rates of infection (1.8% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.047). Geographic analyses showed higher infection rates in Hawaii and Alaska and lower surgical complication rates in the Northwest region. Procedures completed by surgeons with a fellowship training other than Sports Medicine and/or Pediatric Orthopaedics had lower rates of overall complications (8.9%, P < 0.001) and surgical complications (8.3%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study establishes that female pediatric and adolescent patients are at an increased risk for complications following ACLR. Arthrofibrosis was more than twice as common in females than in males. Geographic region and fellowship training may be associated with complications in this population. Study design: Cross-Sectional Study Key Concepts: (1) Complications following ACL reconstruction may be associated with geographic region and fellowship training. (2) Females present with more short-term complications following ACL reconstruction. (3) There was a higher reported infection rate overall for surgeons in their board collection period than infection rates in the literature, with males having an overall higher infection rate than females. (4) Arthrofibrosis is more than twice as common in females than males following ACL reconstruction. Level of Evidence: III

Elena A. Leonova, Albina A. Bakhova, Irina L. Cherednik et al.

The article presents current views of scientists on the physiological effects of oxytocin, its influence on social behaviour and on the psychological state of humans and animals. It is known that at the early stages of invertebrate evolution, signals were transmitted through oxytocin-like substances. In the reviewed papers, the development of oxytocin receptors in vertebrates is considered. Facts are presented about the control the oxytocinergic neurotransmitter system and its homologues exert over social behaviour, both in mammals and other vertebrates. The evolution of communicative behaviour associated with the influence of oxytocin is traced. A number of studies have demonstrated a link of the oxytocinergic neurotransmitter system with aggressive behaviour. A correlation has been established between the level of expression of oxytocin receptors in the brain and partner preference. The effect of oxytocin on the formation of social bonds between humans and domestic animals has been described. In domestic animals, oxytocin concentrations have been shown to be positively correlated with the number of contacts with the owner. The anti-stress and anxiolytic effects of this neuropeptide blocking the effects of the main stress hormone, cortisol, have been detected. Thus, oxytocin has the potential for treatment of stress and its consequences. The oxytocinergic system can modulate the mechanisms of emotions and can be used to alleviate social dysfunction in mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. The studied effects of oxytocin confirm the special role of this ancient hormone in anthropogenesis and its importance for human health and socialization, as well as demonstrate its potential use in pharmacotherapy for a number of pathologies.

Rafał Bakalarczyk, Adrian Rejmer, Natalia Woś et al.

Introduction: An attack of renal colic as a result of kidney stones is one of the most common urological emergencies, with a wide spectrum of severity that generates high morbidity and high health costs. However, there is no single pharmacological treatment regimen for its acute phase. Renal colic is described as one of the worst types of pain, and effective analgesia in the shortest possible time is of paramount importance Aim of the study: Summary of current knowledge on the treatment of Acute renal colic / renal stones. The main purpose of our work is to review and summarize the various recommended options for the treatment of acute renal colic attack and prevention of recurrent urolithiasis depending on the type of stones and also to price the efficacy and safety profile of various drugs used in this ailment and to propose a practical treatment regimen. Material and methods: We conducted a literature search in PubMed using the terms "acute renal colic," "renal colic treatment," "anti-inflammatory drugs," "renal stones," and "fluid therapy." The most relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews published from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2022 in English and Spanish were reviewed. Results: In various studies reviewed, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show better pain control, with lower doses and fewer side effects than treatment with opioids. Complete cure in kidney stones is rare due to the frequent recurrence of the disease. Although acute attacks of renal colic are rare in the patients studied, many patients show improvement after taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Opioids and fluid therapy are reserved for subsequent lines of treatment and also have proven benefits in relieving symptoms.

Agata Pikulicka, Katarzyna Pacek, Małgorzata Piekarska et al.

Due to the increasing number of patients suffering from celiac disease (CD) and difficulties in diagnosing, scientists raise awareness of different symptoms that patients might present. CD is an autoimmune, genetical disease of small intestine however, symptoms might be related to many different systems apart from gastrointestinal one, for instance nervous system. A common and non-specific symptom of untreated CD might be depression. A gluten intake by patients with genetical predisposition results in antibodies production which can affect central nervous system causing depression. Moreover, we observe imbalance between amino acids and its metabolites, for example serotonin, which lead to mood disorder. In those patients who suffer from drug-resistant depression, testing for CD should be done and if they are positive, the patient should immediately start a gluten-free diet. This action could reduce symptoms of depression. The following article is a review of current knowledge related to correlation between CD and depression, its pathomechanism and gluten-free diet as a possible way of treatment. This article is based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases.

Lígia Ribeiro Moscardini, David Michel de Oliveira, Paulo Ricardo Prado Nunes et al.

A prática esportiva por adolescentes tem aumentado nos últimos anos, inclusive nesta direção, tem-se observado um crescente processo de profissionalização do esporte. O processo sistemático e rigoroso de treinamento exigido no esporte de alto rendimento, segundo alguns estudos, promove alterações na morfologia do ventrículo esquerdo em atletas adolescentes. O objetivo foi revisar   na   literatura   sobre   a influência do treinamento esportivo na adaptação do ventrículo esquerdo de jovens atletas. Este trabalho tem como delineamento a revisão narrativa, sendo consultadas bases eletrônicas de bibliotecas virtuais (Pubmed e Scielo).  Dos 230 artigos encontrados,14 foram incluídos nessa revisão. O resultado da análise dos artigos verificou-se que o treinamento promove alterações sobre ventrículo esquerdo, nas quais são observadas aumento das dimensões cavitarias, massa ventricular esquerda total e massa indexada pela superfície corpórea, além da espessura relativa da parede maior em atletas, principalmente no sexo masculino e em negros quando comparados a mulheres e brancos esportistas e ao grupo de sedentários, sem diferença significativa na fração de ejeção entre os diversos grupos estudados. Concluímos que o treinamento físico regular e intensivo está associado a diversas adaptações estruturais que resultam na hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo em jovens atletas. A magnitude dessas adaptações é determinada por diversos fatores incluindo idade, sexo, tamanho do corpo, etnia, tipo e intensidade do exercício praticado. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos encontrados tem delineamento transversal, sugerindo assim novos estudos com abordagem longitudinal.

Ilmira R. Gilmutdinova, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-2615, Elena Yu. Kostromina et al.

From the biomedicine point of, view ageing is a natural process, characterized by a gradual decrease in the physiological integrity and adaptive abilities of the body, leading to a violation of its functions and an increase in the risk of death with age. Demographic aging of the population is a serious socio-economic problem, both in Russia and around the world. The main cellular and molecular signs of aging include genome instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, impaired proteostasis, impaired nutrient recognition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular aging, the stem cell pool depletion and changes in intercellular interaction, extracellular matrix rigidity, as well as activation of retrotransposons and chronic inflammation. For these reasons, in modern healthcare, preventing premature aging and treating age-related diseases is becoming a priority task. This review presents modern approaches to the quantitative assessment of the aging process using aging biomarkers as functional parameters reflecting the biological organism age at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. This work also considers the actual non-drug and drug interventions allowing to slow down the development of age-associated pathological processes, allowing you to increase the quality and duration of life.

Neil J. Meigh, Justin W. L. Keogh, Ben Schram et al.

Abstract Background A scoping review of scientific literature on the effects of kettlebell training. There are no authoritative guidelines or recommendations for using kettlebells within a primary care setting. Our review objectives were to identify the extent, range and nature of the available evidence, to report on the types of evidence currently available to inform clinical practice, to synthesise key concepts, and identify gaps in the research knowledge base. Methods Following the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, we conducted a search of 10 electronic databases from inception to 1 February 2019. There were no exclusions in searching for publications. A single reviewer screened the literature and abstracted data from relevant publications. Articles were grouped and charted by concepts and themes relevant to primary care, and narratively synthesised. Effect sizes from longitudinal studies were identified or calculated, and randomised controlled trials assessed for methodological quality. Results Eight hundred and twenty-nine records were identified to 1 February 2019. Four hundred and ninety-six were screened and 170 assessed for eligibility. Ninety-nine publications met the inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were typically trivial to small. One trial used a pragmatic hardstyle training program among healthy college-age participants. Two trials reported the effects of kettlebell training in clinical conditions. Thirty-three studies explicitly used ‘hardstyle’ techniques and 4 investigated kettlebell sport. Also included were 6 reviews, 22 clinical/expert opinions and 3 case reports of injury. Two reviewers independently evaluated studies using a modified Downs & Black checklist. Conclusions A small number of longitudinal studies, which are largely underpowered and of low methodological quality, provide the evidence-informed therapist with little guidance to inform the therapeutic prescription of kettlebells within primary care. Confidence in reported effects is low to very low. The strength of recommendation for kettlebell training improving measures of physical function is weak, based on the current body of literature. Further research on reported effects is warranted, with inclusion of clinical populations and investigations of musculoskeletal conditions common to primary care. There is a need for an externally valid, standardised approach to the training and testing of kettlebell interventions, which better informs the therapeutic use of kettlebells in primary care.

Mehmet Pense, Erbil Harbili, Sultan Harbili

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of circadian rhythm on anaerobic performance and body temperature determined through three different methods. Ten elite male taekwondo athletes (average age: 23.9±2.7 years, height: 178.7±4.9 cm, body mass: 72.1±7.8 kg, training experience: 12.5±4.9 years) participated in the study. The body temperatures of the participants were measured in the morning of the first day, (between 09:00-10:00 a.m.), and in the early evening (between 16:00-17:00 p.m.) through three different methods (Core body temperature, tympanic temperature, and skin surface temperature). The participants performed Wingate test (WT) both in the morning and in the early evening. Core body temperature was significantly higher in early evening than it was in the morning (p lt;0.05), while tympanic and skin surface temperatures remained unchanged (p gt;0.05). However, there was no significant difference between morning and early evening for peak power, mean power, and fatigue index values (p gt;0.05). As a result, a significant increase was observed in core body temperature in early evening compared to morning, but this increase did not show a positive effect on anaerobic performance.

Christopher F. Viozzi

Agnieszka Radzimińska, Magdalena Weber-Rajek, Urszula Jaworska et al.

Radzimińska Agnieszka, Weber-Rajek Magdalena, Jaworska Urszula, Goch Aleksander, Zukow Walery. Zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa w grupie fizjoterapeutów = Spine pain syndromes in a group of physiotherapists. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(6):553-564. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.56691 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3643   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.05.2016. Revised 25.06.2016. Accepted: 28.06.2016. Zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa w grupie fizjoterapeutów Spine pain syndromes in a group of physiotherapists   Agnieszka Radzimińska1, Magdalena Weber-Rajek1, Urszula Jaworska1, Aleksander Goch2, Walery Zukow3   • Katedra Fizjoterapii, Zakład Podstaw Fizjoterapii, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu   • Katedra Fizjoterapii, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu • Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy     Słowa kluczowe: zespół bólowy kręgosłupa, fizjoterapeuta. Keywords: spinal pain syndrome, physical therapist.           Streszczenie Zgodnie z wynikami badań z 2005 roku przeprowadzonymi przez European Fundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Europejską Fundację na Rzecz Poprawy Warunków Życia i Pracy) w krajach Unii Europejskiej najbardziej powszechnym problemem zdrowotnym związanym z pracą są dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowe. Celem pracy była ocena stopnia niepełnosprawności będącej wynikiem bólu kręgosłupa w grupie zawodowej fizjoterapeutów. Narzędziem badawczym były: NDI (NECK DISABILITY INDEX) oraz ODI (OSWESTRY DISABILITY INDEX). Ocena stopnia niepełnosprawności   mierzonej za pomocą kwestionariuszy ODI i NDI pozwoliła zakwalifikować fizjoterapeutów do przedziału wskazującego na łagodną niepełnosprawność. W badanej grupie dolegliwości bólowe kręgosłupa w odcinku szyjnym i lędźwiowym zwiększają się wraz z wiekiem oraz stażem pracy.   Summary According to research conducted in 2005 by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in the European Union the most common health problem is work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of the study is to assess the degree of disability in the occupational group of physiotherapists, measured by questionnaires NDI (NECK DISABILITY INDEX)  and ODI (OSWESTRY DISABILITY INDEX). Assessment of the degree of disability as measured by questionnaires ODI and NDI helped qualify physiotherapists compartment indicating a mild disability. Back pain in the cervical and lumbar increases with age and seniority.

Brian J White, Mackenzie Marie Herzog

Over the past decade, the understanding of the anatomy and function of the hip joint has continuously evolved, and surgical treatment options for the hip have significantly progressed. Originally, surgical treatment of the hip primarily involved resection of damaged tissue. Procedures that maintain and preserve proper hip anatomy, such as labral repair and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) correction, have shown superior results, in terms of pain reduction, increased function, and ability to return to activities. Labral reconstruction is a treatment option that uses a graft to reconstruct the native labrum. The technique and outcomes of labral reconstruction have been described relatively recently, and labral reconstruction is a cutting edge procedure that has shown promising early outcomes. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on hip labral reconstruction. We will review the indications for labral reconstruction, surgical technique and graft options, and surgical outcomes that have been described to date. Labral reconstruction provides an alternative treatment option for challenging intra-articular hip problems. Labral reconstruction restores the original anatomy of the hip and has the potential to preserve the longevity of the hip joint. This technique is an important tool in the orthopaedic surgeon’s arsenal for hip joint treatment and preservation.