A publicly provided health service, accessible to all, is a key aspect of the Nordic welfare state project, but questions around its sustainability have arisen in the face of increasing demands and limited resources. Current Norwegian policy concerns coordination (samhandling) between the specialist hospital sector and municipal health and social care in order to shift routine care out of hospitals and into municipal services. Despite coordination reforms, challenges remain, and Norwegian policy has centred on digital solutions to coordination. Questions remain as to whether the policy vision of digitalisation is compatible with the troublesome realities of coordination. This paper presents a case study of a digital platform for skills transfer from hospital to municipal health and social care in a Norwegian health region. It follows the platformʼs transformation from a marginal initiative lacking strategic endorsement to an acknowledged potential resource for health and social care coordination in the region. The paper asks how this transformation came about and what it can teach us about how to make digital technology work for coordination. The paper locates the transformation in how staff and managers engaged with each other and the platform to solve day-to-day coordination problems – many caused by existing digital coordination technology – and thereby adapted the platform to local challenges. The paper further argues that the management of digital coordination must give room for staff and managers to use their local experience to shape tools to local contingencies of coordination. Finally, the paper warns that the Norwegian policy for coordination and digitalisation poses a challenge to the room for manoeuvre at the local level.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Background: The absence of one of the parents can bring about major problems in adolescents’ psychological conditions. The objective of the present study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of solution-oriented group consultation on the increase of resiliency in orphan (fatherless) female adolescents in the city of Isfahan.
Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, post-test, follow-up and control group research design. The statistical population of the study included all orphan (fatherless) female students in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2014-2015. Convenient sampling method was used to select the samples; hence, 40 female adolescents were selected as the sample size and were assigned into two groups of 20. eight ninety-minute therapeutic interventions (solution-oriented approach) was administered on the experimental group once a week. The control group, however, did not receive any teaching. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used as the study instrument. And the collected data were analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA via SPSS23 software.
Results: The results of the study showed the solution-oriented group teaching being effective on the resiliency of orphan adolescents at the post-stage and follow-up stages (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Predicated on the findings of the present study, the solution-oriented teaching method can be applied to increase orphan (fatherless) female adolescents’ resiliency.
Communities. Classes. Races, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Durante el siglo XX la comunidad internacional llegó al consensuar políticas tendientes a limitar el uso de drogas a fines médicos y científicos. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de vincular el surgimiento y el desarrollo del régimen internacional de control de drogas (RICD) al llamado paradigma prohibicionista-punitivo, haciendo hincapié en la región de las Américas. Se trata de un estudio filosófico orientado por el método genealógico propuesto por Foucault. Esta perspectiva permite identificar diferentes factores en la construcción del RICD y el paradigma prohibicionistapunitivo en política de drogas, como así también brinda herramientas para arribar a una lectura crítica, interdisciplinar y prospectiva en políticas de drogas.
Public aspects of medicine, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Amy L. Nyman, Claire A. Spears, Victoria Churchill
et al.
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic may impact cigarette smokers’ behaviors. Among smokers, perceptions about the risks of contracting COVID-19 and the severity of COVID-19 illness likely vary, and perceptions may be associated with individual smoking behavior. Our study measured smokers’ perceptions of COVID-19 risks and their association with smoking and quitting outcomes. Methods: A sample of 1,223 U.S. adult cigarette smokers participated in an online survey in October-November 2020 to assess their COVID-19-related risk perceptions and changes in smoking, readiness to quit, and quit attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: More smokers believed smoking could increase the severity of COVID-19 (43.6%, 95% CI: 40.1, 47.3) than believed smoking makes them more susceptible to COVID-19 (20.0%, 95% CI: 17.2, 23.0.). While there were no associations between perceptions of COVID-19 susceptibility and smoking behaviors or intentions, perceptions of greater smoking-related COVID-19 severity were associated with both higher likelihood of smoking increases (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.93) and greater readiness to quit smoking (aOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.30). Greater perceptions of general COVID-19 severity were associated with higher likelihood of smoking reductions (aOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22), greater readiness to quit smoking (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.22), and higher likelihood of making a quit attempt (aOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.22). Conclusions: Smokers’ perceptions about COVID-19 severity are related to their smoking behavior and likelihood of making a quit attempt. Providing smokers with accurate information on the relationship between smoking and the severity of COVID-19 may alter smoking behaviors.
Psychology, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Abstract Does public opinion react to inequality, and if so, how? The social harms caused by increasing inequality should cause public opinion to ramp up demand for social welfare protections. However, the public may react to inequality differently depending on institutional context. Using ISSP and WID data (1980‒2006), we tested these claims. In liberal institutional contexts (mostly English‐speaking), increasing income inequality predicted higher support for state provision of social welfare. In coordinated and universalist contexts (mostly of Europe), increasing inequality predicted less support. Historically higher income concentration predicted less public support, providing an account of the large variation in inequality within the respective liberal and coordinated contexts. The results suggest opinions in liberal societies – especially with higher historical inequality – reached the limits of inequality, reacting negatively; whereas in coordinated/universalist societies – especially with lower historical inequality – opinions moved positively, as if desiring more inequality.
masoomeh mayeli, Talat Allahyari, Faramarz Sohrabi
et al.
The effectiveness of integrated couple therapy and positive psychotherapy on marital adjustment and forgiveness in couples Experiencing Infidelity Masoomeh Mayeli , Talat Allahyari , Faramarz sohrabi , Mohammad taghi Karami The present study examined the effectiveness of designed intervention (integrated couple therapy and positive psychotherapy) on forgiveness and increasing marital adjustment. The research design is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. Among the couples referred to the counseling centers and social work clinics in Eslamshahr, couples (30 couples) were selected as available and then randomly divided into two groups of 15 couples (experimental group). And control group). Spinner's marital adjustment questionnaire and Ray et al.'s forgiveness questionnaire were used to collect data. In performing the therapeutic intervention, the experimental group was Attended at fifteen sessions (one session per week) individually, with a combined approach, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis in SPSS software. The results showed the effectiveness of the intervention approach on increasing marital adjustment and increasing forgiveness between couples. The Eta square indicates that %97.9 of the variance of the forgiveness variable and %93.3 of the variance of the adjustment variable is explained by the social work intervention approach.
Social sciences (General), Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Angela Isabel Peña Farias, Rosa María Voghon Hernández
This paper presents preliminary research about the process of the construction of concepts in social work. In this case, it is referred to as a social worker’s construction of “family” as a concept and as a field of practice in a current Cuban context. Based on an exploratory and qualitative research design, the paper presents an analysis that also opens to the discussion about social work with families in Cuba. The findings shows that Cuban social workers think of family as a group with cohabitation and affinity, which is more important than consanguinity, as a dimension for family definitions. They also point at structures of family, special bonds in family network and the social internal and external functions of family in their definitions. Among these functions, the transmission of cultural values, as well as the emotional support and shelter for members, seems relevant.
Regarding family as a field of practice, they all share the criteria that is necessary for practice to develop a contextual analysis of each situation that goes from macro-contextual aspects to the micro-reality of family. The importance of structural matters and their impact on family functions is also a common idea, which is nucleated around a multigenerational reality of Cuban families and evaluated as a positive or negative impact depending on the case in question.
They consider social work with families, and social work in general, to be in a critical situation in relation to losing professionalization and social recognition. The reasons explaining these ideas have to do with the instability of social work institutionalization and the recent retraction of social services. These variations have obeyed the changes in a Cuban context that affects the entire welfare system and social work’s position in it.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Anche in questo numero la sezione “Storia e memoria” della Rivista offre ai suoi lettori un documento di grande rilievo. Si tratta della “Relazione sulle risultanze dell’attività del gruppo di lavoro incaricato di svolgere accertamenti su insediamenti e infiltrazioni di soggetti ed organizzazioni di tipo mafiosi in aree non tradizionali”. Tale gruppo speciale di lavoro venne costituito presso la Commissione parlamentare antimafia (a presidenza Luciano Violante) durante l’XI legislatura, durata lo spazio di due anni, 1992-1994. Il gruppo venne coordinato dal senatore Carlo Smuraglia, che fu relatore dei lavori. Pubblichiamo la prima parte del documento, dedicata a “Il fenomeno”. Seguivano altre due parti: una dedicata a “Le attività di contrasto”, l’altra a “Indicazioni e proposte”. La Relazione fu approvata il 13 gennaio del 1994, per essere poi inviata sei giorni dopo al presidente della Camera dei Deputati, Giorgio Napolitano, e al presidente del Senato, Giovanni Spadolini.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar, mediante una investigación documental, el tema de la violencia doméstica centrándonos en la población de hombres veteranos posterior a su reinserción a la vida civil. A su vez, se analizan las implicaciones de este problema para la práctica directa en trabajo social. Se pretende realizar una aportación a la conceptuación del problema y ofrecer recomendaciones de tipo metodológicas a la literatura profesional del trabajo social en Puerto Rico.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Prácticamente en toda América Latina, los procesos de recuperación democrática experimentados vinieron acompañados de reformas a sus sistemas de justicia. El proceso más consistente ha sido el de transformaciones a la justicia criminal. Inicialmente concentrado en la mejora de las garantías procesales, a lo que se le uniría más adelante el interés de dotar al sistema de justicia criminal de mayores niveles de efectividad en el esclarecimiento y sanción de delitos…
Social Sciences, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Alarmist messages surrounding the obesity epidemic have influenced many in the social justice community to adopt a combative stance against the purported “fat explosion.” However, by aligning itself with the corporate interests, biased research, and buried prejudices driving the nation’s fear of fat, the social justice community is distancing itself from its original purpose and unwittingly perpetuating a hostile and antagonistic environment for fat people. This paper will serve as a critique of the mainly uncontested obesity narrative and provide justification for why social workers should frame weight-based discrimination as an issue of social justice.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Fernanda Nunes da Rosa Mangini, Regina Célia Tamaso Mioto
Verifica-se que as pesquisas formais sobre interdisciplinaridade, no contexto sócio-histórico de sua evolução, envolveram, além de intelectuais, o investimento do setor econômico. A presente proposta procura identificar o momento histórico em que a interdisciplinaridade e o mundo do trabalho se aproximam, sinalizando para as possíveis implicações desse encontro. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo focaliza a interface da interdisciplinaridade com o mundo do trabalho e a importância que a referida categoria passa a adquirir nesse espaço. Para tanto, apresenta-se, inicialmente, um breve panorama teórico e histórico da construção e da difusão do conceito de interdisciplinaridade. Após esse percurso, procura-se evidenciar os mecanismos de construção e difusão desse conceito no mundo da produção. O recurso metodológico empreendido foi a pesquisa teórica.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Autorka artykułu zastanawia się czy w kryminologii powinno używać się terminu ciemna liczba przestępstw. Punktem wyjścia dla rozważań podejmowanych w tekście jest szczegółowe wyjaśnienie poszczególnych części składowych przywołanego terminu. Tekst J. Błachut zwraca uwagę, że definiowanie zjawiska przestępczości zarówno ujawnionej jak nieujawnionej zależy od indywidualnego podejścia badawczego kryminologów. Odmienne podejścia wobec zagadnienia wynikają przede wszystkim ze zróżnicowanego postrzegania zjawisk społecznych, które uznawane są za przestępne. Rozważania podjęte w artykule utożsamiają przestępczość z konstruktami społecznymi, polegającymi na nadaniu odpowiedniego znaczenia konkretnym zachowaniom ludzkim. Konstruktami społecznymi używanymi przez kryminologów są przede wszystkim statystyki kryminalne, które nie stanowią dla nich jedynie źródła danych mówiących o przestępczości, ale indywidualny przedmiot badań. Statystyki kryminalne utożsamiane są w tej sytuacji z wytworem procesów zarówno społecznych, organizacyjnych jak i politycznych. Kryminolodzy zależnie od tego jakie przyjmują stanowisko w ramach definiowania zjawiska przestępczości, inaczej badają również jej rozmiary i wyrażają swoje przekonania co do zasadności i potrzeby używania sformułowania ciemna liczba przestępstw. Autorka przekonuje, że posługiwanie się terminem może nie być do końca trafne, gdyż w przestrzeni społecznej przestępstwa nie funkcjonują samoistnie. Można o nich mówić dopiero po nadaniu znaczenia określonym zachowaniom jednostek. Co więcej, o uznaniu czynu za przestępstwo decydują uprawnione organy, więc zachowania uznane za przestępne muszą zostać tak sklasyfikowane. W tej sytuacji mówienie o przestępstwach nieujawnionych, określanych jako ciemna liczba przestępstw może wydawać się nielogiczne, przez co termin ten należałoby rozpatrywać jedynie jako umowny. Autorka tekstu zwraca jednocześnie uwagę na konieczność rozwoju metodologii badań przez kryminologów poprzez sięganie do nowych źródeł pozyskiwania danych mówiących o przestępczości. Wśród nich wymienia najbardziej przydatne dla rozwoju kryminologii: eksperyment, obserwacja uczestnicząca, badania sondażowe (self-report a przede wszystkim wiktymizacyjne). W ten sposób badanie przestępczości nieujawnionejma na celu określenie całkowitej skali przestępczości rzeczywistej. Tekst stara się przybliżyć odbiorcom sposób, w jaki kryminolodzy posługują się definicjami, które konstruują do pomiarów przestępczości. W celu skutecznych obliczeń, pojęciu przestępczości zostały przypisane odpowiednie terminy, takie jak: (przestępczość) zarejestrowana, stwierdzona, wykryta, osądzana. Artykuł podkreśla również przewagę obywateli i instytucji społecznych nad organami ścigania w ujawnianiu przestępstw.
Criminal law and procedure, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology