Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

E. V. Loktevich

This article explores the specifics of subjective organization in contemporary Belarusian and Russian rock poetry mediated by current gaming strategies. The author pays particular attention to understanding the problem of (self-)identification of the lyrical subject under conditions of fidgetalization, mediatization, and gamification of culture. Comparative analysis results are presented for verbal subtexts from musical groups such as “Vihilija,” “Niamiha,” “Bjarla,” and “Khren” over the period 2021–2025. The role of autocommunication and polyphonic constructs in shaping the image of the game-consciousness-and-speech subject as heir to the role-playing hero is discussed. Verification emphasis is placed on determining the impact of streaming communication strategies and computer-game aesthetics on rock poetics. The relevance of this study stems from the need for scientific comprehension of the relationship between transformations in the subjective organization of rock texts and crises in traditional forms of subjectivity. Concepts introduced include game rock stream, auto-communicative game code, nonsubjective player-hero. It has been demonstrated that the rock hero evolves from monologic “I-the Prophet” to modulated game projection. A classification of lyrical subject's game strategies is proposed: avatar-based, narrative-role-playing, auto-communicative, transmedia. An overview is provided regarding representation of one's own / other / alien consciousness within the focus of existential-virtual artistic being.

A. A. Ilyin, L. M. Shatilova, L. G. Popova

This study investigates the lexico-thematic group of “Film Genres” as constructed through an analysis of German film discourse. Genre designations are examined with regard to the internal structure of this lexical group and the semantic relationships between nominations, thereby illuminating a significant lexical segment of the cinematic language. The analysis reveals a primary division within German film genres into two main categories: “der Film” and “der Trickfilm.” It is demonstrated that German lacks a rigid genre classification system, indicating that genres are dynamic and open to blending. Such combinations generate hybrids comprised of clichés and stereotypes, which undergo transformation and interweaving across diverse contexts, complicating systematic categorization. The research further indicates that filmmakers, screenwriters, and producers actively employ novel combinations of genre elements, rendering genre affiliation largely conventional. Analysis of genre nominations (e.g., Sci-Fi-Horror-Klassiker, Martial-Arts-Kinos, etc.) establishes a high degree of flexibility and mutability within the German cinematic genre system. The study argues that each film genre is further subdivided into subgenres, reflecting the inherent flexibility of its typology. It is concluded that this hierarchical structure of subgenres underscores the complexity and multi-layered nature of the contemporary cinematic landscape

Alexandra Strukova

This article is devoted to the Leningrad Landscape School, an association of artists that existed from the late 1920s to the early 1940s. This expression is employed conventionally, in the sense of the École de Paris : the artists themselves did not use the term “Leningrad Landscape School” and any association independent of the Soviet state was forbidden from 1932. This group included Nikolai Lapshin, Alexander Vedernikov, Vladimir Grinberg, Nikolai Tyrsa and Alexey Uspensky. Their work also inspired emerging artists such as Alexander Rusakov, Vyacheslav Pakulin, Georgy Traugot, Nikolai Yemelyanov and others. Their paintings were characterized by certain formal features : the generalization and simplification of forms, the use of broad compositional perspectives and a clear, constructive organization of urban or rural scenes. This approach was shaped by the very appearance of Leningrad. The article also provides a detailed account of the Soviet conditions under which the artists lived and worked. Their art was often criticized as lacking in ideological depth ; moreover, they typically painted landscapes from memory or from their window, as obtaining permission to work en plein air in the city required clearance from state security authorities.As a result, they earned their living mainly through other activities, such as teaching or illustrating books. The article also traces the history of the Leningrad Landscape School’s recognition and offers an analysis of the creative work of its most prominent representatives.

Róisín Freeney, Orlagh Woods

Anne Enright’s novel The Green Road (2015) spans forty years in the lives of the Madigan family. The matriarch Rosaleen summons her offspring home for Christmas with the news that she is selling the family home. This article will attempt to place the three depictions of motherhood in the novel in a historical and cultural context to expose how the social construction of Irish motherhood can have a presence in the perception, particularly self-perception of generations of mothers. The construction of Irish motherhood has a very particular legacy, entwined in a post- colonial, nation building project that was both extremely catholic, conservative and hostile to modernity. The Green Road confronts the idealisation of the Irish mother as the domestic backbone of family and therefore society’s survival but also explores the idea of ‘Mother Ireland’ being the embodiment of the nation itself and representing all that this ideal entails for immigrants’ notions of hearth and home. The voice of the Irish Mother is one that has been muted in Irish culture, and this article attunes itself to the ways Enright amplifies the Irish mother’s voice in all its nuance. This article draws its approach from literary criticism and cultural sociology, examining how both literary and cultural heritage burden the mothers in Enright’s novel.

Maruša Brežnik Dornik, Ema Štarkl

Nataša Kiš

Hubert Haider, Luka Szucsich

Abstract Slavic languages are commonly classified as SVO languages, with an exceptional property, though, namely an atypically extensive variability of word order. A systematic comparison of Slavic languages with uncontroversial SVO languages reveals, however, that exceptional properties are the rule. Slavic languages are ‘exceptional’ in so many syntactic respects that SVO appears to be a typological misnomer. This fact invites a fresh look. Upon closer scrutiny, it turns out that these languages are not exceptional, but regular members of a different type. They are representative of a yet unrecognised type of clause structure organisation. The dichotomy of ‘head-final’ and ‘head-initial’ does not exhaustively cover the system space of the make-up of phrases. In addition, there arguably exists a third option (T3). This is the type of phrasal architecture in which the head of the verb phrase is directionally unconstrained. It may precede, as in VO, it may follow, as in OV, and it may be sandwiched by its arguments within the phrase. From this viewpoint, the Slavic languages cease to be exceptional. They are regular representatives of the latter type, and, crucially, their collateral syntactic properties predictably match the properties of this type.

Evgeniia V. Kallistratidis, Svetlana V. Ilyasova

The relevance of the study is underpinned by the modifications of the Russian society gender canon, the Russian gender worldview transformations and by the growth of importance of the communicative and linguocultural Internet space that constitutes the field of spontaneous social, psychological and linguistic experiments and also representative sources of information on the Russian-speaking men and women’s speech practices. The research is aimed at revealing and describing derivational, semantic and functional features of the 23 lexicographically undefined, engendered lexical units motivated by the adverb popolam (‘in half’) pointing at the extralinguistic situation of the financial responsibility dividing ina couple. The research is conducted on the material of the authors' contexts corpus including 1750 speech products manifesting informal Internet communication that were published inthe period from 2012 to 2022. The corpus contexts were obtained by continuous sampling method with the help of the Russian social network VK search engine and Google web search engine. The authors used methods of word-formation, semantic interpretation, contextual and discursive analyses and statistical method. The analysis has diagnosed that the constituents of the derivational nest with popolam- as the basis are used to nominate, categorize, characterize and evaluate masculine and feminine persons as participants in romantic, sexual and family relations. The innovations are also used to denote and characterize relationships in a couple from the point of view of financial responsibility division between partners. They are also used to designate actions and behavior types of participants in such relationships. The analysis proves that the innovations contain stable negative evaluation and are prevalent in woman's language. The analysis revealed that the functions of denomination, categorization and negative evaluation of the social interaction subjects and phenomena depend on the main ideological function of the innovations. The ideological function is increasingly important underthe circumstances of the conflict between patriarchal and new egaliterian gender contacts. It is determined that popolamshchik (‘slammer’) as a male denomination is not only the most widespread and important constituent but also a key word of the gendered Internet discourse.

M. Leskinen

The question of native language ("local dialect", “mother tongue”) use in the primary school education of the South-Western part of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period is directly related to the problem of the status of the Little Russian language (dialect), as well as with the struggle against “Ukrainophiles” in the 1860s and 1870s. The article discusses the arguments of two parties: supporters of the use of Little Russian in primary schools (Ushinsky, Korf, Vodovozov, Drahomanov, and Efimenko) and their opponents (Katkov, Ivanov, Bogatinov, etc.) in the context of educational theories, problems with school affairs, and learning to read. It was the teachers who advocated the use of the mother tongue in the elementary schools of the Empire, proving that both inorodtsy and Great Russians had difficulties learning the common Russian literary language. Thus, it is important to take into account the problem of teaching the Great Russian peasant “to be Russian” - such a task (of course, formulated differently) was acutely relevant during the period of nation-building, and its implementation was directly related to education. However, polemicizing with supporters of national movements, the authorities refused to recognize it, being convinced of the “primordial” unity of the Russians as East Slavic people and their a priori “Russianness”.

Зоран Стефановић

Among many philosophically and artistically challenging themes of comics in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the late 1930s — popular entertainment exported from Belgrade into a dozen of European countries — one of the dominating was the new world war. It spontaneously took on various forms, from documentary and pseudorealistic, through technologically sophisticated and futurofantastic, to metaphysical and transcendental. A special place in the microgenre occupies the Belgrade superhero series „The Master of Death” (Gospodar smrti, November 1939 — May 1940), whose author was the then young comic artist George/Yuri Lobachev (Đorđe Lobačev), a Russian born and raised in Serbian culture, founder of some comic strip genres. Unlike openly militaristic spirit reflected in the contemporary popular culture of Europe and the United States, the images of the world conflict in the comics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, a country not yet recovered from The Great War, were most often oriented towards the world peace and universal values. This attitude in the Serbian entertainment industry was a direct intellectual reflection of the fusion of the philosophy of life of Henri Bergson and other European thinkers with the ideas of the classical Serbian tradition and theology, which led to a new philosophical direction in the 1920s and 1930s — Svetosavlje („Saint Sava’s Way”) embodied in the works of Justin Popović, Nikolaj Velimirović, Miloš N. Đurić, and others, whose ambition was to achieve cosmopolitan values through autochthonous national forms. Belgrade comic book superheroes and antiheroes — so different from contemporary American models — through peacemaking attitude, science fiction, and mystic ethical fantasy were bringing a unique concept, in which Dostoyevsky’s All–Man (Serbian: Svečovek, Russian: Vsechelovek) shows himself as not so far away of Tesla’s Man — the Automaton of the Universe.

G. Egry

the voices, for example, of those peasants whom Calic claims preferred nationalism over class solidarity in the early twentieth century? (43–44) The overall lack of human voices in this history—subaltern and others—flattens out what could have been a much more evocative history. A second issue concerns Calic’s regular use of specialized terms and names without adequate definition, which renders her history less accessible than it should be for students and general readers. When reading about the 1960s, to cite one instance, how many such readers will comprehend unexplained terms such as “Bogomoljci” (224), “Bosniak” (227), and “MASPOK” (236), as well as a long list of individuals associated with the journal Praxis (218–19)? This issue, along with the decision to place the book’s maps in an appendix rather than throughout the chapters, will leave non-specialist readers—who would seem to be the book’s intended audience—with a sense of disorientation. With regard to analysis, Calic undercuts her stated primary objective of determining how and why ethnic identity became a matter of contention by consistently using groupist language to tell Yugoslavia’s history. Too often, the main actors in this book are abstract groups; such as “the Serb people,” “the Slovenes,” or “the Croats.” Yet how can we effectively analyze the changing political and everyday salience of ethnic identification when all people in the region seem to automatically (and, in a sense, ahistorically) already be parts of monolithic “ethnic groups?” Recent pioneering research during the past five years (Hajdarpasic, 2015) has significantly enhanced our capacity to analyze the history of nationalism in the South Slavic lands by moving beyond simplistic notions of “groupism.” Although Calic cites much of this work in her bibliography and endnotes, she does not use its theoretical contributions to explain why ethnicity apparently matters in accounting for Yugoslavia’s rise and fall. As such, this history too often naturalizes rather than explains the presence and significance of ethnicity and nationalism. Calic’s book is certainly a useful addition to the English-language literature on Yugoslavia. Yet we are still waiting for a historian with the capacity to tell the country’s history as one of complex individuals and their changing sense (or lack thereof) of ethnicity, rather than retrospectively submerging them into “ethnic groups.”

Aleš Skřivan

an extended chronological period. The focus on Transylvania and the Romanian Principalities, although explained in the introduction, deprives the volume from the rich exchanges throughout the Balkans. Serbia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, mentioned en passant, were all part of the Ottoman realm and also contributed to the flavored culinary exchanges. Even though most scholars mention the paucity of primary sources, which, to a certain extent, explains the belated attention to the history of food in this region, almost each chapter provides extensive empirical evidence. Indeed, many of the contributions are based on a close reading of valuable archival materials, but this often results in long descriptive passages. One of the “delightful” culinary threads, elaborated in many chapters, reveals how bread, the basic staple, had multidimensional material and symbolic value in diverse social, ethnic, and religious milieus. Yet it seems that the attempt to show the “variety of social contexts involving food” (9), engaged too many directions of research. The reader becomes “hungry” for some converging themes framed within a broader conceptual framework. One wishes that the authors had shed more light on the relationship between food choices and concepts of health and on the essential role of food within the family economy and childcare, to name just a few topics. Also, with a few exceptions, one can regret that a gender-sensitive approach to food production and consumption is not enough emphasized. While there are many superb illustrations, a glossary would also be a helpful addition and would have highlighted the rich but dispersed linguistic and cultural analysis of some terms. In sum, this work is a valuable contribution to the study of food and the formation of regional and national identities through material culture, symbolic rituals, stratified consumption, and cultural representations. It provides a contextual look at redefining the notion of prosperity through social attachments to food. Furthermore, the book contributes to de-centering the research on west European cuisine. By offering such transnational readings to a variety of social contexts involving shared cuisine, the authors promote not only academic dialogue, but also address social interconnectedness in a novel way and suggest new venues for research. Additionally, by interpreting archival materials in multiple languages, this collection brings fresh perspectives to an English-speaking audience. The book would thus be of interest to students and researchers engaged in social and cultural history and interdisciplinary studies.

A. Kemp-Welch

legal doctrines and his take on the relationship between customary law and civil law are explored. The section concludes with an exploration of Albania’s constitutional developments. The strengths of this edited volume lie in the detailed exploration of the legal contexts that characterized the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the Balkan region. The volume adds to the literature on international legal studies and developments, and sheds light on a region that has received less scholarly attention in that realm than it deserves. The discussion of colonial powers’ influences on the legal frameworks of the select set of countries and the legacies that lingered even after their official demise created an underlying thread that binds the majority of these academic texts, albeit from different perspectives and under different political circumstances. While this edited volume has a solid structure, the coherence and connectedness of the different texts could have been strengthened with a more focused set of topics and time periods that span different geographic contexts. A closer look at the texts and (albeit not undermining the value of this study in any way) the usage of different terms such as Bosnian Muslims (151), Bosniaks (47), and Bosniak Muslims (179) might present slight confusions for readers not familiar with the Balkan region, and greater consistency in the usage of terms would have eliminated any doubts as to their reference. The volume also misses an opportunity to expose the reader more fully to the legal reforms and developments, or stagnations thereof, during the second half of the twentieth century, both encompassing the period of communist rule and the legal transformation after the dissolution of Yugoslavia. On a related note, the volume also does not have a concluding chapter, which could have provided the reader not only with a synthesis of the major lessons learned from the extensive research presented here, but also of how these lessons had shaped the course of legal studies in these countries for years to come. Lastly, the reading experience is certainly embellished with the inclusion of texts in both English and German, but this same language variance, appreciated here, might present challenges for finding a sizeable number of readers who possess knowledge of both languages equally and who equally wish to immerse themselves in texts presented in both languages. Despite these shortcomings, the edited volume is a valuable addition to the literature and might be of interest to scholars who are bilingual and interested in the nineteenthand twentieth-century legal history of the Balkan region.

Zrinka Kolaković, Edyta Jurkiewicz-Rohrbacher, Björn Hansen

In the paper, we discuss the phenomenon of clitic climbing (CC) out of infinitive complements in contemporary Croatian. Based on the first theoretical work and some empirical findings on CC in Czech and Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (BCS) and the observation that differences in CC linked to register have been reported for some languages, we elaborate on the claim that CC varies in respect of both register and the Raising-Control Dichotomy. The following research questions are addressed: Does clitic climbing out of the single infinitive in Croatian depend on the type of complement-taking predicate (CTP) with respect to the Raising-Control Distinction? Does CC appear with equal frequency in standard and colloquial Croatian if the type of CTP verb (Raising vs Control) as a variable remains constant? Our study is based on data for two types of complement-taking predicates: a) Raising (8 different verbs) and b) Subject Control (8 non-reflexive + 8 reflexive verbs). The data was extracted from the Forum subcorpus of hrWaC v2.2 and from the Croatian Language Repository and Croatian National Corpus. Our data suggest that not only the Raising-Control Dichotomy, but also diaphasic variation have an impact on CC from infinitive complements.

V. V. Kaziaba

The article covers the features of verbal self-presentation in the German-speaking segment of the Instagram Internet service. The study focuses on the virtual personality of influencers from Germany, who through blogging gain popularity among a large audience of users and achieve commercial benefits. The relevance of the work is predetermined by the anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics and the unflagging attention of philologists to the issues of Internet communication. The novelty is seen in the fact that for the first time an attempt is made to comprehensively consider verbal methods and means of self-presentation in the Instagram environment. The linguistic analysis of self-positioning of a special category of virtual communicants-influencers, which has no analogues in modern linguistics, is proposed. The author distinguishes four ways of verbal self-presentation in Instagram: self-nomination (user name and account name), self-description, caption for a photo or video, comment. The use of each method for the construction of a virtual image of the blogger is characterized separately. It is noted that all components of self-presentation of influencers demonstrate certain trends in the use of language tools. The structural, lexical, thematic, graphical specificity of the self-presentational ways is describes. The results of quantitative analysis of the vocabular diversity and readability of the texts produced by the influencers performed with the help of special software are presented.

Ivanova, Maya

The paper discusses some of the initial points, mainly in Bulgaria, of the scholarly interest in the achievements of the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius. Firstly, the term “kirilometodievistika” (‘Cyrillo-Methodian Studies’) is discussed along with its scope and development in Bulgaria. Secondly, special attention is given to the usage of the terms “kirilometodievistika”, “kirilometodievist(i)” (‘specialist(s) in Cyrillo-Methodian Studies’), “Kirilo-Metodiev” (‘belonging to or associated with Cyril and Methodius’), “kirilo-metodievski” (‘of or relating to the Cyrillo-Methodian Studies’), “Kirilov” (‘belonging to or associated with Cyril’), “kirilski” (‘Cyrillic; of or relating to the study of the life and work of Cyril’), “Metodiev” (‘belonging to or associated with Methodius’), “metodievski” (‘Methodian; of or relating to the study of the life and work of Methodius’) and other terms linked to them. Clarification of philological terms and orthographic norms is closely connected to the stages of the establishing of Cyrillo-Methodian Studies as a branch of philology.

G. V. Zarembo, V. V. Uglov, T. N. Gerasimenko

It is reported the monograph “Parent assistance in professional self-determination of senior pupils” (2016), prepared by T. D. Zelenkina, E. Yu. Pryazhnikova and M. G. Sergeyeva, touches upon the problem of effective vocational guidance. The value of the edition is based on the fact that problems of choosing the profession do not lose its relevance. The views of the authors of the monograph on parental involvement in career choice of their children are characterized. For example, it is noted that the family may not only contribute to the process of professional self-determination, but also prevent correct choice. Model of training parents to help in professional self-determination of senior pupils proposed by the authors is briefly described.

Journal Literatūra

M. Marinova

Савва Михайлович Михеев

This paper offers a publication of two short Glagolitic graffiti inscriptions: the inscription ALEKЪSĘDRЪ, dating back to the late 10th or 11th century from St. Archangels’ Church in St. Naumʼs Monastery on the southern bank of Lake Ohrid in Macedonia, and the in-scription AN, in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey.