After the 1980s transition ‘from plan to market’, from 1992 Vietnamese economic growth accelerated significantly. Strategy continued to stress industrialisation; yet current price GVA/worker in manufacturing, initially relatively high, was by around 2010 below average. Services therefore came to dominate growth, not industry. Effective capital and labour markets, which had come to prominence in the 1980s, developed further, and higher rewards paid to labour and capital in services drove structural change, despite policy favouring manufacturing. This account, though not generally accepted, follows the global pattern and contradicted donor advice. However, like the 1980s, by the end of the 2010s Vietnamese ‘lived experience’ came to contradict donor-supported strategy and extant Party doctrine, and policy shifted to support servicisation, or more accurately structural change that supported relatively high actual or potential GVA/worker rather than an ‘industrialisation’ vision. The paper suggests that we can learn from this, and analyses structural change with an unorthodox analytical framework that requires defending as it is anathema to mainstream approaches. It does this by building on recently published work analysing the causes of confirmation bias in most economic analyses that supported the incorrect donor advice of the necessity of industrialisation. It blames this upon the reliance of standard analyses upon constant price sectoral GDP data to empirically found production function-based modelling (Arrow 1974, Fforde 2024c). This then legitimises the paper’s use of current price sectoral GVA/worker (GDP/worker) to analyse structural change during Vietnam’s ongoing Economic Miracle. The results show important aspects of servicising growth: the absence of a sub-sector that can be conceptualised as a ‘leading sector’ (the role played by manufacturing in standard incorrect narratives); and the striking failure of the very high relative GVA/worker in manufacturing in the 1990s to drive industrialisation, as by the 2010 this was below average and contributing little to GDP growth; and the importance of understanding the operative incentive pattern (which so far we do not) and the causes of variations in GVA/worker.
Abstract The 2011–2020 period is the final stage of poverty alleviation in China, which emphasizes regional development. Using county‐level panel data from 2006 to 2015, we explore the impact of regional poverty alleviation policy on economic growth of contiguous destitute areas (CDAs) in China. The results show that since 2012, economy in CDAs has developed rapidly, that GDP per capita has significantly improved by 5.4% and that county GDP has significantly improved by 6.6%. The regional strategy enhances construction of infrastructure and ecological projects, and gives full play to exert synergy effect, which doubles economic growth. The impact of economic growth is heterogeneous in different regional scales, regional inequities, geographic locations, and population sizes, and lasting even if counties are lifted out of poverty. Our findings recommend regional collaboration and highlight the importance of ecological protection in poverty alleviation.
Este artículo analiza las motivaciones de la política económica implementada por el equipo de José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz (1976-1981), durante la última dictadura militar en Argentina. El objetivo es complementar las explicaciones existentes sobre el accionar del equipo económico, poniendo el foco en un aspecto poco explorado: la lectura que los funcionarios hicieron sobre los cambios globales que se desplegaron desde comienzos de la década de 1970. A partir del análisis crítico de intervenciones públicas de los principales funcionarios, con énfasis en los discursos del propio Martínez de Hoz, se examina cómo dichas interpretaciones sobre el escenario internacional incidieron en el diseño de la política económica, particularmente en su impacto sobre la industria. Se concluye que, si bien las medidas aplicadas respondieron a una lógica antiinflacionaria ya señalada por la literatura, también pueden comprenderse como parte de una reconfiguración productiva inspirada en una visión específica del orden global emergente. Esta perspectiva permite matizar las explicaciones centradas exclusivamente en la destrucción del aparato industrial como objetivo prioritario, subrayando el papel que las interpretaciones sobre el capitalismo global desempeñaron en la formulación de la estrategia económica.
Latin America. Spanish America, Regional economics. Space in economics
Claudinei da Rosa, Pedro Lucas de Resende Melo, Diego Barbosa Garcia
O objetivo desse estudo é identificar quais dimensões do ambiente institucional estão relacionadas à presença de redes de franquias na Região Norte do Brasil. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram utilizados dados da ABF - Associação Brasileira de Franchising - contemplando 129 cidades da região envolvida, e dados do ambiente institucional, disponibilizados pelo IBGE. A mensuração dos dados estatísticos foi realizada com a técnica de análise de regressão múltipla e análise multivariada. Os resultados confirmaram as três hipóteses do estudo, sendo possível concluir que quanto melhores os indicadores relacionados à demografia, situação econômica e recursos humanos, maior será a atratividade das redes de franquias para os mercados da Região Norte. Espera-se, com este estudo, contribuir para o enriquecimento da teoria do ambiente institucional voltada à expansão dos negócios e para a difusão da teoria de expansão geográfica para a Região Norte do Brasil, com foco no modelo de redes de franquias.
The growing economic prominence of BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has attracted considerable attention to the macroeconomic dynamics driving their development. As these economies grow rapidly and become more integrated into global markets, it becomes increasingly difficult to balance economic growth, trade liberalization, and sustainable fiscal policies. Government size, a key factor in fiscal management, tends to increase with national income (as suggested by Wagner’s Law) and in response to trade openness (as outlined by the Compensation Hypothesis). Understanding these dynamics is crucial due to the unique fiscal pressures and global competitiveness faced by BRICS countries. This study investigates the validity of Wagner’s law and the Compensation Hypothesis in the context of BRICS. Using a panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model on annual panel data from 1999 to 2023, our findings confirm Wagner’s law, showing a positive relationship between economic growth and government size. Additionally, the results support the Compensation Hypothesis, indicating that trade openness enhances government size. This study underscores the potential trade-offs between promoting economic growth and trade liberalization, as these strategies may inadvertently expand the government sector and affect fiscal stability. As BRICS economies continue to integrate into global markets, this research contributes to the discussion on Wagner’s law and trade openness, offering new insights into sustainable fiscal policies, government expenditure optimization, and the pursuit of global competitiveness and economic growth within the BRICS framework.
Lucas Silva Pedrosa, Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro, Samia Mercado Alvarenga
Este trabalho analisa se houve mudança na participação de diferentes setores dos territórios de planejamento de Sergipe por meio da arrecadação do ICMS no período 2016-2020. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método diferencial-estrutural com a mudança proposta por Esteban-Marquillas (1972). Os principais resultados indicam que, apesar de a região da Grande Aracaju ainda ser o principal motor produtivo do estado, houve expressiva interiorização de alguns setores, como agricultura e comércio, que se tornaram especializados e competitivos em diversos territórios do planejamento do estado. A indústria e os serviços, por sua vez, apesar de ainda apresentarem vantagem competitiva na maioria dos territórios, vêm perdendo seu grau de especialização ao longo do período.
Ahmad Dhea Pratama, I Wayan Suparta, Ukhti Ciptawaty
Many research in economics only focus on the independence of a region while neglecting the effects of space and the interaction that occurs between mutually adjacent areas. The purpose of this study is to measure the multidimensional poverty concept in 15 districts/cities in the province of Lampung in 2015-2019. Spatial analysis such as moran i statistics, LISA clustered map, and lisa signification are used to analyze spatial patterns and spatial autocorrelation. Spatial modeling with spatial autoregressive model, geoda and geographical information systems are used as explanatory spatial data and spatial modeling. The results show that the percentage of poor people between districts/cities in Lampung Province have positive Moran's I values, there is a clustered pattern in 2015-2019, Moran scatter plot depicts 4 quadrants, LISA Cluster map indicates high-high and low-low areas, and LISA map has 4 significant areas. Spatial regression results show that per capita expenditure for nonfood has a negative effect, per capita expenditure for food has a positive effect, population growth rate has a positive effect, household clean water has a positive effect, life expectancy has a negative effect, mean years of schooling has a negative effect, and simultaneously the independent variables have a significant influence on the percentage of poor people. Poverty in Lampung Province is spatially related to each other between regions, the findings suggest that the variables used affect spatially. The implication of this result is one of the basis for inter-regional policies in the interests of multi-dimensional poverty alleviation between regions.
Keywords: Poverty, Spatial analysis, Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR)
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics
This article analyzes that the media image is an important tool for shaping the image of the country and the theoretical and cognitive aspects of the image. We perceive an object or event through our senses, see and hear them. We understand and comprehend the new information received. They are then placed in our memory as a definite quality mark, image, or ‘piece of symbol’. Therefore, in the modern media space, it is important to understand the content of information about a country, positive or negative information about the image of the region, to understand the realities of what is happening in the region. In the same process, the person who reads the news is the executor of the cognitive activity. There is a "subject-object relationship" between the subject, that is, the person and the area that is the object of cognitive activity. The main issue is the perception of the person receiving the information in relation to that country. How the country is perceived by the recipient of the information is always important. The nature of any image is closely related to the information stored in the subconscious. For this reason, the study of image in a cognitive context is required. The problem of formation and development of the regional image is one of the interdisciplinary studies from the theoretical and methodological point of view. That is, it is not just a problem facing the science of journalism or mass communications. The issue is multidisciplinary, including sociology, imageology, economics, political science, philosophy, linguistics, especially cognitive linguistics, and can be studied in various aspects. Cognitiveness is a scientific phenomenon that connects language with thinking, that is, consciousness, and explores in deep theoretical aspects the integral connection of psychological, biological, and neurophysiological aspects with social, cultural, and linguistic phenomena in the formation of a particular imagination. According to scholars, cognitive linguistics in this respect is divided into various sub-branches such as psycholinguistics, anthropolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics. In this research, we tried to study the role of journalism in the formation and development of the country's image, the cognitive impact of the language of the media on the consciousness of the public (audience).
Models of governance of higher education in large and heterogeneous countries with numerous universities significantly differ from approaches to coordinating universities in unitary states. The research literature still lacks in-depth analysis of these differences. At the same time, achievement of national goals for the higher education’s development in federal countries requires an effective model for the distribution of responsibilities between government’s federal and regional levels. The paper studies the structure of a model of federal-regional relations in higher education in the Russian Federation. For this purpose, I consider the history and preconditions for shaping the model of federalism in higher education. Additionally, I examine the present balance of federal and regional powers in governance of higher education. The article analyses the structure of federalism in higher education in the Russian Federation in comparison with eight countries characterised by heterogeneous regional higher education systems. The study’s results have shown that Russian model of federalism in higher education remains one of the most centralised among comparable countries. Budget and tax policies are the prerogatives of the federal government, as the regions have limited opportunities to influence the development of universities, including restrictions on co-financing the federal universities. The model of governance of higher education in Russia is based on the principle of “pragmatic” federalism. This principle implies that the balance of federal-regional relations should solve specific problems facing the country in general, not individual regions. Based on the analysis, the paper suggests directions for changing the balance of federal-regional relations in higher education. They involve the expansion of the principle of subsidiarity between levels of government, with the preservation of the majority of powers at the federal level. Governance of regional higher education systems should enable concentration of federal and regional resources on certain university programs and development projects.
Preface This volume of IOP Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering contains the papers presented in the “World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium” in the city of romance Prague (Czech Republic) during 17-21 June 2019. WMCAUS 2019 aimed to provide a forum for discussion of the latest findings and technologies in different fields of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning, to give opportunities for future collaborations. It is a platform for sharing knowledge and experiences in the fields of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning by providing a forum for early career researchers for presentation of their work and discussion of their ideas with experts in different fields of Civil Engineering, Architecture and City and Urban Planning such as; Construction Management and Engineering, Construction Materials, Geotechnics, Hydromechanics, Structural Engineering, Building Performance Simulations, Transportation, Architectural Space, Social Sciences and Architecture, Architectural Culture, Theories of Vision and Visuality, Architectural Design and Methods, Architectural Historiography, Architectural Heritage and Conservation of Historical structures, Sustainability in the Built Environment, Urban Planning, Public Space, Urban Design, Theories and Methods, Regional Planning, Archaeological Method and Theories, Sustainable Urban Development, Urban Sociology, Economics and Politics, Risk Management and Mitigation Planning, GIS-Based Modelling for Mitigation Planning, Computer Aided Design, Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Integrated Coastal Zone Planning and, Management, Accreditation of Civil Engineering, City and Regional Planning Education. WMCAUS 2019 is the 4th of the Annual series with its main mission to contribute in multidisciplinary studies related with Civil Engineering, Architecture, City and Urban Planning, and improvment of interactions between people within these fields. WMCAUS also provided a forum for this diverse range of studies which report very latest results and document emerging understanding of the related systems and our place in it. We would like to show my deep gratitude to the honored Scientific Committee and Institutional Scientific Partners of WMCAUS. The Scientific Committee and Institutional Scientific Partners of WMCAUS was completed by paying strict attention, and all members were selected from well-known, very much appreciated, productive and representatives of the different countries. We are deeply grateful to the members of the scientific committee and institutional scientific partners. All the missions of World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium – WMCAUS 2019 were completed, and 422 peer reviewed articles were published. We would like to thank all reviewers for their great effort to achieve the high quality of published articles We thank to the sponsors of WMCAUS 2019 (as main sponsors LAMA Energy Group, LAMA Gas and Oil, and to be co-sponsor Prague City Tourism) for their very much appreciated supports during the organization of “World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium – WMCAUS 2019”. Of course, we would like to express my sincere gratitude to all participants with more than 500 submissions from more than 50 different countries all over the world for their interests and contributions in WMCAUS 2019. Another thank goes to the team of WMCAUS for their very much appreciated high workload during year. We united our efforts to establish one of the largest and appreciated event of Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Sciences for one important cause To work together for better, more clean and more beautiful place where our children will grow up. And, this place is known as the Earth. We hope to see the participants of WMCAUS 2019 once again during the next event 5th Anniversary WMCAUS 2020 that will be held in Prague (Czech Republic) during 15-19 June 2020. Işık YILMAZ Marian MARSCHALKO Marian DRUSA Ana Maria DABIJA Derya TOKSOZ Dominik NIEMIEC Chairmen of WMCAUS 2019
Topicality. The current change in the ideology of forest management in Ukraine towards sustainable spatial development of forestry is due to the promising importance of ecosystem, economic and social values of forest resources, their multifunctional and intersectoral nature of the use of resource and ecological potential of forests, as well as the growing needs of society regarding the quality of the natural environment. Structural negative changes taking place in the forest sector during the transformation of the economy focus on the problem of sustainable spatial forestry. In particular, the restructuring of forest ownership forms, fiscal policy in the sector, forest management functions and integrated multi-purpose forest use are not consistent with the requirements of sustainable spatial development and a market-oriented model of forestry economics. More active implementation of institutional, ecological and economic, organizational and managerial mechanisms for ensuring sustainable spatial forestry requires conceptual and methodological reflection on the spatial approach to forestry.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is deepening the conceptual and methodological principles of sustainable spatial forestry in the context of modern environmental and economic problems of rational use of forest resource potential. Conceptually-methodological understanding of forestry requires: the disclosure of the substantive content of the spatial forestry; definition of features of formation and development of forest management; formation of criteria (classification) signs of the forestry space.Research results. The conceptual and methodological basis for the formation of forestry space is proposed in order to ensure sustainable development of the forestry complex. The basic economic-organizational principles of spatial development of forestry systems are considered. The content basis of sustainable forest management, in contrast to the forestry (in the broad sense), includes a wider range of organizational and technological components of forest-ecological, environmental, economic and social trends that are associated with sustainable use and the reproduction of forest resource potential and forestry space. Forestry space represents a combination of components of forest resource potential and socio-economic environment within a certain forestry region with their links and diverse relationships that are necessary for the sustainable development of society. The natural, informational, economic, financial, and intellectual components of forestry complement the institutional, which outline the legal norms for forest management. Forestry within the understanding of forestry space includes aspects of socio-ecological and economic equilibrium of forestry systems of different hierarchical levels of the organization.Conclusion. Research of the economic space of forestry goes beyond the substantive basis of the forestry economy, the theoretical and methodological basis of the regional economy, therefore, there is a problem of the formation of a new direction in the implementation of sustainable spatial forestry, which requires the consolidation of research into a coherent whole. It is the formation and development of an environmentally balanced, economic forestry space that is a prerequisite for rational use, reproduction and conservation of forest resource potential on an ecosystem basis.
Cities are multiplex ecosystems driven by our daily life style, which directly reflect in our health, resources, economics, social and community services. It can be spatially considered that cities are unique and regionally specific. Education for sustainable development is a process with a primary role to protect and use of environment, to manage spatial planning and urban development as a whole holistic system. In relation to education for sustainable development, creativity of urban planning and design can significantly improve quality of life of their urbanites. Hence, students and teachers are an epic symbiosis in a process of teaching and learning. Actually, this interaction can be more bonded and interdependent with high-tech didactic tools. The digital era has implemented in the education system new creative methods of learning, a new way of life and style in schooling. The relationship between a student of architecture and teachers broadened more with introduction of computer aided design and simulation tools in presenting those ideas into the reality. The new millennium began a crucial activity for the city of Prishtina in terms of urban, demographic and socio-spatial phenomenon’s. The research methods consist of empirical observation carried out during 25 years of experience in academia, and direct observation of teaching methods. The purpose of this paper is to examine the teaching process, with the focus on creativity of interactive education for sustainable development. Findings indicate that through an informal meeting places for interactive education, the teaching process in architectural studies can bring more: sustainable development and awareness of space, a didactic process which bonds multidimensional threads between students and teachers; thus, strengthening a powerful sense of partnership, avoiding boredom and passive learning, while facing the real day to day challenges, accompanied with the development of technology, life style, and global world trends. Research concludes that uniform old teaching platform, cannot respond to all specific issues faced by students in this globalisation era. Therefore, new teaching strategies must involve interactive education for sustainable development, and education research as a new partnership, a new working holistic system between students and teachers, thus, working together simultaneously towards continuous improvement of academia processes, answering to the needs of new globalisation era.
The basic principle of the functioning of local self-government is its independence, which is limited by the applicable law created in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. The article analyzes the normative acts concerning the participation of local self-government bodies in the law-making process. Observation of the practice of their application leads to the conclusion that these solutions are not effective, and they do not correspond to the constitutional guarantees of the territorial self-government system position. The conclusions propose a new mode of selecting the Polish Senate and Self-Government Commission as well as the Polish delegation to the EU Committee of the Regions, which could improve the influence of territorial self-government bodies and the quality of solutions adopted in legal acts.
The lack of coordination between the different levels of government on public policies for the agro industrial sector sugarcane in Veracruz Mexico has serious consequences on social, economic and environmental areas. The objective of this research is to analyze the current situation, to reveal the key elements, and to propose strategies that activate the development of the sector with an approach for change in the future; involving a systemic understanding of present reality, to implement the changes required to reach the desired future. A SWOT analysis applied to the study exposes the actual conditions in the environments; where the strategic elements obtained were placed within a structural system for the sustainability of the sector, and where they were used to propose strategic planning. It was concluded that the variables to work and the derivative strategic issues are three: Infrastructure; Public Policy Development; and Research, development and innovation, by inspiring the creation of the necessary proposals.