Hasil untuk "Microbiology"

Brankica Filipić, Vladimir Žugić, Majda Golob et al.

Over the past decade, Shewanella spp. have been increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens, particularly in patients with malignancies, neutropenia, severe heart failure, renal insufficiency, and hepatobiliary diseases. Shewanella indica is a rarely reported species within the Shewanella genus, and its role in human infection remains poorly documented. In this study, we report the first case of S. indica isolated from the stool of a critically ill 72-year-old man in Serbia with multiple pre-existing comorbidities and co-infections. Initial identification using the VITEK 2 system misclassified the strain as Shewanella algae, while species-level identification by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was inconclusive. However, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) definitively identified the isolate as S. indica and revealed a multidrug-resistant profile together with numerous virulence-associated genes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for 32 antibiotics, although interpretation was constrained by the lack of species-specific breakpoints. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges in differentiating Shewanella indica, discusses its possible clinical roles, and underscores the value of genomic tools for accurate identification. It also reinforces the importance of recognizing rare pathogens in complex clinical scenarios.

Amanda Carroll-Portillo, October Barnes, Cristina N. Coffman et al.

Interactions between bacteriophages with mammalian immune cells are of great interest and most phages possess at least one molecular pattern (nucleic acid, sugar residue, or protein structure) that is recognizable to the immune system through pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors (i.e., TLRs). Given that phages reside in the same body niches as bacteria, they share the propensity to stimulate or quench immune responses depending on the nature of their interactions with host immune cells. While most in vitro research focuses on the outcomes of direct application of phages to immune cells of interest, the potential impact of their transcytosis through the intestinal barrier has yet to be considered. As transcytosis through intestinal cells is a necessary step in healthy systems for access by phage to the underlying immune cell populations, it is imperative to understand how this step may play a role in immune activation. We compared the activation of macrophages (as measured by TNFα secretion) following direct phage application to those stimulated by incubation with phage transcytosed through a polarized Caco2 epithelial barrier model. Our results demonstrate that phages capable of activating TNFα secretion upon direct contact maintain the stimulatory capability following transcytosis. Furthermore, activation of macrophages by a transcytosed phage is enhanced as compared to that occurring with an equivalent multiplicity of directly applied phage.

Anjali Patond, Vijayshri Deotale, Ruchita Attal

One of the biggest risks to public health is tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. As one of the most communicable diseases in the present day, tuberculosis has historically claimed more lives than any other infectious disease, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite being present, it is still disregarded by clinicians as a cause of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This case report focuses on an atypical presentation of an extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) infection in the form of a soft tissue mass presenting as a chest wall abscess in an immunocompetent person. This case was identified and managed appropriately. This atypical case presentation without lung involvement indicates that a complete case analysis is necessary. In this case, diagnosis was established using microbiological methods, molecular, imaging, and histopathological diagnosis. However, this example clarifies an essential lesson that the shift is beginning from pulmonary to extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases.

Giuseppe Nicolò Conti, Serena Spampinato, Andrea De Vito et al.

Background: Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) with cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB + RPV) has emerged as a promising alternative to daily oral regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly those facing adherence challenges. While clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy, real-world evidence remains limited. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of CAB + RPV in 160 virologically suppressed PLWH across eight Italian infectious disease units. Participants received intramuscular CAB (600 mg) and RPV (900 mg) every eight weeks without an oral lead-in phase. Clinical, immunological, and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and after 24 weeks. Results: At week 24, 96.25% of participants maintained virological suppression, and the proportion of individuals with target-not-detected viral load increased from 71% to 76%. Only one case of virological failure was observed. Significant immunological improvements included an increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.0038) and a reduction in CD8+ T-cell count (<i>p</i> = 0.0150). Biochemical analysis showed a decrease in serum creatinine (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and an increase in HDL cholesterol (<i>p</i> = 0.0223). Treatment discontinuation occurred in 3.75% of participants, primarily due to adverse events or psychological factors. Conclusions: CAB + RPV demonstrated high efficacy and tolerability in a real-world setting, with favorable immunological and metabolic outcomes. These findings support its use as a viable therapeutic option for PLWH, especially those with adherence barriers. Further long-term studies are warranted to confirm these results across broader populations.

Jaya Verma, Manish Sharma, Rajesh Kumari Manhas

Abstract Due to high resistance to medicines, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens, particularly MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci), are a significant public health concern for treating nosocomial infections. Researchers are developing novel compounds responding to the global rise in MDR infections. This study aimed to extract, purify, and characterize bioactive metabolites from Streptomyces levis strain HFM-2, a human gut isolate, exhibiting strong antimicrobial activity against several MDR pathogenic bacteria and fungal phytopathogens. Ethyl acetate extract of S. levis strain HFM-2 was purified using silica-gel column chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Structure elucidation of the purified antimicrobial compound was done by performing detailed analyses including MS, IR, and NMR. The bacteriostatic activity of the compound revealed interesting values against broad-spectrum MDR pathogens. The bacterial cell destruction was recorded through SEM and fluorescence microscopy analyses. HFM-2P is displayed to be non-mutagenic and non-cytotoxic to the normal cell line. However, dose-dependent cytotoxicity was observed against the HeLa cancer cell line and exhibited antimutagenic activity against Salmonella Typhimurium strains (TA98 and TA100). This study is the first to report antiproliferative, DNA protective potential, antimutagenic properties, and antimicrobial activity of a 2,6-disubstituted chromone derivative isolated from S. levis strain HFM-2 against drug-resistant MRSA, VRE, and fungal phytopathogens. Therefore, this essential compound could be a candidate for future research in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.

Feng-Feng Xie, Li-Ba Xu, Hua Zhu et al.

Fever is one of the most common clinical conditions and is characterized by pyrogenic infection, malignancy, inflammation, and tissue damage, among others. Ellagic acid (EA) can inhibit the expression of related proteins on the pathway by blocking the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) signaling pathway, inhibit the levels of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), increase the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, and effectively alleviate inflammatory symptoms. In addition, EA can also reduce the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide(NO) in the body, increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase(CAT), scavenge oxidative free radicals, inhibit lipid oxidation, and achieve antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between EA and various inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, prostaglandin E2(PGE₂), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP), and clarify the mechanism of the cyclooxidase-2(COX-2)/NF-κB signaling pathway. Combined with the metabolomics analysis, our study revealed the effects of EA on multiple endogenous biomarkers, reflecting the characteristics of a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanism. Compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- treated animals, subsequent administration of EA significantly lowered the LPS-induced rectal temperature increase (<i>p</i> < 0.05 or <i>p</i> < 0.01), significantly increased serum SOD and GSH levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05 or <i>p</i> < 0.01), and significantly decreased serum MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05 or <i>p</i> < 0.01). In addition, compared to LPS-treated animals, subsequent administration of EA significantly decreased cerebrospinal fluid cAMP and PGE₂ levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05 or <i>p</i> < 0.01), significantly decreased cAMP, significantly increased 5-HT levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05 or <i>p</i> < 0.01), and significantly down-regulated p-NF-κB p65 and COX-2 protein levels in the hypothalamus. Subsequent gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) metabolite analysis indicated that 12 differential metabolites were detected in serum isolated 4 h after LPS treatment, and 10 differential metabolites were detected in serum collected 7 h after LPS treatment. Next, Pearson correlation analysis was used to systematically characterize the relationship between the identified metabolites and TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, SOD, PGE₂, and cAMP. The levels of propionic acid, pyridine, and L-valine were up-regulated by EA, which inhibited the expression of MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α and increased the activity of GSH. The levels of inositol, urea, and 2-monopalmitin were down-regulated by EA, which inhibited the expression of MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α, increased the activity of SOD and GSH, reduced the inflammatory response, and alleviated the oxidative stress state. Combined with the results of the metabolic pathway analysis, we suggest that the pathways of the galactose metabolism, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, as well as ascorbic acid and aldehyde acid metabolism are closely related to the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of EA. Our study established the relationship between EA and various inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, PGE₂, and cAMP, and clarified the mechanism of the COX-2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Combined with the metabolomics analysis, our study revealed the effects of EA on multiple endogenous biomarkers, reflecting the characteristics of a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanism.

Ojasvi Ramesh, Mamta Gupta, Sanjay Kaushik et al.

Objective: To study the spectrum and distribution of histopathological changes and evaluate immunohistochemistry markers p53 protein and Ki67 antigen in various lesions of gall bladder. Materials and Methods: A total of 804 consecutive gall bladder specimens were evaluated. Forty cases were selected for immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate expression of p53 and ki67 proliferation index, including 20 carcinoma gall bladder cases and 20 cases of inflammatory pathology associated with metaplasia, atypia, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and adenoma. p53 immunostaining was categorized as wild type and mutant type. ki67 of >20% was considered high expression. Results: The majority of the gall bladder lesions were inflammatory in origin, most common being chronic cholecystitis. In the group of 20 gall bladder carcinoma cases, 65% were p53 mutant and the remaining 35% cases had a p53 wild-type immunophenotype. 55% cases showed high expression for ki67 labeling. However, significant correlation (P < 0.05) was seen with lympho-vascular invasion. Among non-malignant lesions, normal/wild-type p53 expression was seen with increasing intensity and positivity in lesions with atypia and intra-epithelial neoplasms. Ki67 index also showed the same trend in all cases. Conclusions: p53 and ki-67 expression increases in inflammation, and further increment occurs in premalignant and malignant lesions of the gall bladder epithelium and can be used as a marker of aggression of histopathological lesions. The results emphasize the potential of Ki-67 and p53 as biomarkers of carcinogenesis in gall bladder carcinoma.

Fatai A. Olabemiwo, Claudia Kunney, Rachel Hsu et al.

IntroductionPlastic pollution has surged due to increased human consumption and disposal of plastic products. Microbial communities capable of utilizing plastic as a carbon source may play a crucial role in degrading and consuming environmental plastic. In this study, we investigated the potential of a modified Winogradsky column (WC) to enrich Connecticut landfill soil for plastic-degrading bacteria and genes.MethodsBy filling WCs with landfill soil and inorganic Bushnell Haas medium, and incorporating polyethylene (PE) strips at different soil layers, we aimed to identify bacterial taxa capable of degrading PE. We employed high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to identify the microbes cultivated on the plastic strips and the intervening landfill soil. We used PICRUSt2 to estimate the functional attributes of each community from 16S rRNA sequences.Results and discussionAfter 12 months of incubation, distinct colors were observed along the WC layers, indicating successful cultivation. Sequencing revealed significant differences in bacterial communities between the plastic strips and the intervening landfill-soil habitats, including increased abundance of the phyla Verrucomicrobiota and Pseudomonadota (néé Proteobacteria) on the strips. Based on inferred genomic content, the most highly abundant proteins in PE strip communities tended to be associated with plastic degradation pathways. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences showed novel unclassified phyla and genera enriched on the plastic strips. Our findings suggest PE-supplemented Winogradsky columns can enrich for plastic-degrading microbes, offering insights into bioremediation strategies.

Taylan Onder, Sevil Alkan, Ebru Dogan et al.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is observed in immunosuppressive patients and causes adverse clinical outcomes. CMV reactivation in immunocompetent patients is less known. We aimed to retrospectively investigate CMV reactivation in immunocompetent critically ill patients with bacterial growth in lower respiratory tract; and investigate the relationship between reactivation and outcomes such as length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation duration, and mortality. Methodology: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients that were CMV IgG-positive, CMV IgM-negative immunocompetent, mechanically ventilated for over 48 hours, and were diagnosed with respiratory tract colonization with Acinetobacter baumannii or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were included. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on serum and endotracheal aspirate samples. The patients were divided into groups of those with and without VAP and sepsis. Reactivation rates and CMV DNA levels were compared between the groups. Results: CMV reactivation was seen in 27 of 34 patients (79.4%). CMV DNA level was 5.8 times higher in patients with VAP and sepsis than patients without, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.717). LOS and mechanical ventilation duration were higher in patients with reactivation (p = 0.047 and 0.036). No relationship was found between reactivation and mortality (p = 0.774). Conclusions: The rate of CMV reactivation was 79.4%. This was the second-highest reactivation rate reported in the literature. The reactivation was associated with prolonged hospitalization and mechanical ventilation.

A Madinu Abd Malik, Jouhary Naufal Amir, Ulfa Aulia et al.

This study aims to better understand the coastal dynamics along the 6.89 km of Subang shoreline using Landsat data and GIS methods with cloud computing-based analysis. The data is processed using remote sensing techniques, image classification, and change detection algorithms. Furthermore, this research harnesses cloud computing to efficiently manipulate big data, enabling rapid and measurable analysis of coastline changes. Cloud computing-based platforms facilitate data storage, processing, and dissemination, enhancing accessibility for researchers and stakeholders. This study indicates that the area has experienced significant changes from 1990 to 2023, with the total length of the coastlines that have changed (positive stands for accretion and negative for erosion) being 8.21 km (-16,86 %) for 1990 to 2000, 6.52 km (16.21%) for 2000 to 2010, 8.14 km (6,66%) for 2010 to 2020, and 8.81 km (-19,16%) for 2020 to 2023. The results provide valuable information about erosion, accretion, and coastal morphological changes. The findings can help make informed decisions for sustainable coastal management. The methodology presented in this article demonstrates a solid approach to coastline monitoring that can be replicated in other areas for more efficient and effective coastal management and environmental preservation.

Yan-Sheng Zhao, Xin-Meng Tong, Xue-Mei Wu et al.

Barley bran has potential bioactivities due to its high content of polyphenols and dietary fiber, etc. Fermentation has been considered as an effective way to promote the functional activity of food raw materials. In this study, polysaccharides from barley bran extract fermented by <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> dy-1 (FBBE-PS) were analyzed, and its effects on lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in high-fat HepG2 cells induced by sodium oleate were evaluated. The results showed that the molecular weight decreased and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides changed significantly after fermentation. In addition, 50 μg/mL FBBE-PS could reduce the triglyceride (TG) content and reaction oxygen species (ROS) level in high-fat HepG2 cells by 21.62% and 30.01%, respectively, while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) represented by 64.87% and 22.93%, respectively. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that FBBE-PS could up-regulate the lipid metabolism-related genes such as <i>ppar-α</i>, <i>acox-1</i> and <i>cpt-1α</i>, and oxidation-related genes such as <i>nrf2</i>, <i>ho-1</i>, <i>nqo-1</i>, <i>sod1</i>, <i>cat</i>, etc. The metabolomics analysis indicated that FBBE-PS could alleviate lipid deposition by inhibiting the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, which is consistent with the downregulation of <i>scd-1</i> expression. It is demonstrated that fermentation can alter the properties and physiological activities of polysaccharides in barley bran, and FBBE-PS exhibited an alleviating effect on lipid deposition and oxidative stress in high-fat cells.

Kate L. Hepworth‐Warren, Krista Estell, Bobby Cowles et al.

Abstract Background Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein in horses which could be a useful tool for assessing clinical response to treatment of bacterial pneumonia in adult horses. Objectives To monitor SAA concentration in response to treatment and identify associations among SAA concentration, WBC and neutrophil counts, and fibrinogen in bacterial pneumonia in adult horses. Animals Eighteen adult horses with bacterial pneumonia. Methods Prospective clinical study. Horses hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia were enrolled and SAA concentration and vital signs were assessed daily. SAA concentration was measured by a handheld meter. CBC and plasma fibrinogen were assessed on days 0, 1, and 2, then every 3 days until discharge. Data were not normally distributed and therefore were log transformed. Log‐transformed data were analyzed and comparisons were performed on LSMeans by the 2‐sided Student's t‐test at the 5% level of significance. Results Geometric mean SAA concentration on day 0 was 537 μg/mL (SE 383 μg/mL). Geometric mean SAA concentration decreased significantly over time (P = .0001), peaking at day 2 (geomean 1038 μg/mL, SE 261.7 μg/mL) and decreasing until discharge. Plasma concentration of fibrinogen (P = .06), neutrophil count (P = .48), and WBC count (P = .07) did not change significantly over time. Conclusions and Clinical Importance SAA concentration decreased significantly over the course of treatment and correlated with clinical improvement of pneumonia whereas fibrinogen, neutrophil, and WBC counts did not.

Nikolina Bogdanić, Josip Begovac, Loris Močibob et al.

The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a highly hepatotropic virus transmitted mainly via the fecal–oral route. The purpose of this study is to describe a prolonged HAV outbreak in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users in Croatia in 2022. Croatia has a centralized system of HIV care and the PrEP service is only available at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases (UHID), Zagreb. We reviewed all MSM living with HIV and MSM PrEP users at UHID and identified those diagnosed with HAV between January and October 2022. During this period, a total of 1036 MSM living with HIV and 361 PrEP users were followed, and 45 (4.4%) and 32 (8.9%) were diagnosed with HAV, respectively. Most cases were diagnosed in mid-February. A total of 70.1% (726/1036) MSM living with HIV and 82.3% (297/361) PrEP users were susceptible to HAV. Sequencing information was available for 34 persons; in all cases the HAV subtype IA was found. Our findings indicate that both MSM living with HIV and HIV-uninfected PrEP users are vulnerable to HAV infection and might be a potential source for a more widespread HAV epidemic.

Tanvi Suhane, Vijayalakshmi Bindumadhavan, Nupur Fangaria et al.

ABSTRACT DNA damage-induced Rad51 focus formation is the hallmark of homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Earlier, we reported that Rad51 physically interacts with Hsp90, and under the condition of Hsp90 inhibition, it undergoes proteasomal degradation. Here, we show that the dynamic interaction between Rad51 and Hsp90 is crucial for the DNA damage-induced nuclear function of Rad51. Guided by a bioinformatics study, we generated a single mutant of Rad51, which resides at the N-terminal domain, outside the ATPase core domain. The mutant with an E to L change at residue 108 (Rad51E108L) was predicted to bind more strongly with Hsp90 than the wild-type (Rad51WT). A coimmunoprecipitation study demonstrated that there exists a distinct difference between the in vivo associations of Rad51WT-Hsp90 and of Rad51E108L-Hsp90. We found that upon DNA damage, the association between Rad51WT and Hsp90 was significantly reduced compared to that in the undamaged condition. However, the mutant Rad51E108L remained tightly associated with Hsp90 even after DNA damage. Consequently, the recruitment of Rad51E108L to the double-stranded broken ends was reduced significantly. The E108L-rad51 strain manifested severe sensitivity toward methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and a complete loss of gene conversion efficiency, a phenotype similar to that of the Δrad51 strain. Previously, some of the N-terminal domain mutants of Rad51 were identified in a screen for a Rad51 interaction-deficient mutant; however, our study shows that Rad51E108L is not defective either in the self-interaction or its interaction with the members of the Rad52 epistatic group. Our study thus identifies a novel mutant of Rad51 which, owing to its greater association with Hsp90, exhibits a severe DNA repair defect. IMPORTANCE Rad51-mediated homologous recombination is the major mechanism for repairing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in cancer cells. Thus, regulating Rad51 activity could be an attractive target. The sequential assembly and disassembly of Rad51 to the broken DNA ends depend on reversible protein-protein interactions. Here, we discovered that a dynamic interaction with molecular chaperone Hsp90 is one such regulatory event that governs the recruitment of Rad51 onto the damaged DNA. We uncovered that Rad51 associates with Hsp90, and upon DNA damage, this complex dissociates to facilitate the loading of Rad51 onto broken DNA. In a mutant where such dissociation is incomplete, the occupancy of Rad51 at the broken DNA is partial, which results in inefficient DNA repair. Thus, it is reasonable to propose that any small molecule that may alter the dynamics of the Rad51-Hsp90 interaction is likely to impact DSB repair in cancer cells.

Ghada Abd-Elmonsef Mahmoud, Hassan H. A. Mostafa

Crop production is challenged in our world by increasing food demands, decrease natural resource bases and climatic change. Nowadays plant growth regulators works like fertilizers in increasing plant growth production efficiency and needed to produce in large industrial scale. Fermentation condition and medium constituents can significantly affect on the product production and designing an acceptable fermentation medium is critical importance. In this paper Fusarium sp. could be considered as promising indole-3-acetic acid producers with the ability to improve the production using statistical methods. The results showed that fermentation type, incubation temperature and L-tryptophan were the most influencing parameters on the production. Maximum IAA production by Fusarium oxysporum was 300.4 mg/l obtained under the fermentation conditions: temperature at 25oC, incubation period 5 days, pH 7, inoculums size 2%, shaking rate at 150 rpm and medium constituents: Glucose 40 g/l, yeast extract 3 g/l, L-tryptophan 1 g/l, KH2PO4 2 g/l, NaNO3 4 g/l, MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/l with regression analysis (R2) 99.67% and 2.12-fold increase in comparison to the production of the original level (142 mg/l). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1012348

V. Muriel-Galet, J. P. Cerisuelo, G. López-Carballo et al.

Lydia S. Manguiat, T. J. Fang

Rosida, Yulistiani R dan Awandhana R JURNAL TEKNOLOGI PANGAN

<!-- P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } --> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></span></p> <p style="text-indent: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Tempura is one product of fish processing results. In Indonesia, the development of the tempura fish meatballs. Making tempura include: sorting, washing, peeling vegetables, ingredient mixing, making and frying. Problems tempura product is the save relatively short, therefore it needs the addition of compounds that act as antioxidants and antimicrobia in the tempura manufacture of Sodium Tripolyphosphate. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of addition of Sodium Tripolyphosphate and long term storage for the characterictic of chemicalphysic, organoleptic, microbiology and oreochromis mossambicus Tempura. The experimental design used was factorial Completely Random Design with two factors, namely the addition of Sodium Tripolyphosphate (0%; 0.25%; 0.50%) and during long term storage (0 days, 2 days, 4 days) with three replicates. The results showed that the best treatment is present on the oreochromis mossambicus tempura by the addition of Sodium Tripolyphosphate 0.50% and prolonged storage 4 days. oreochromis mossambicus Tempura has moisture content of 44,71%; WHC 45,41%; the texture of 0.21 mm/dt gr.; a total of 2,715 microbes log (cfu/g); peroxide number 5,68 (meq/1000 g); 4.14% fat content; Water activity (Aw) 0,77% with a value of organoleptic the smell of 116; the texture of the 125</em></span></p> <p style="text-indent: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Keyword : Oreochromis Mossambicus</em></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Tempura, sodium tripolyphosphate</em></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em><strong>Abstrak</strong></em></span></p> <p style="text-indent: 0.39in; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Tempura merupakan salah satu produk hasil pengolahan ikan. </em></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="it-IT"><em>Di Indonesia, tempura merupakan pengembangan dari bakso ikan. Pembuatan tempura meliputi:sortasi, pencucian bahan, pengupasan sayuran, pencampuran, pencetakan dan pengorengan. Permasalahan pada produk tempura adalah masa simpan yang relatif pendek, oleh karena itu perlu penambahan senyawa yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan dan antimikrobia dalam pembuatan tempura yaitu Sodium Tripolyphosphate. </em></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="it-IT"><em>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Sodium Tripolyphosphate dan lama penyimpanan terhadap sifat fisikokimia, mikrobiologi dan organoleptik Tempura ikan mujair. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu penambahan Sodium Tripolyphosphate (0%;0,25%;0,50%) dan lama penyimpanan selama (0 hari,2 hari, 4 hari) dengan 3 kali ulangan.. </em></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="es-ES"><em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada tempura ikan mujair dengan penambahan Sodium Tripolyphosphate 0,50% dan lama penyimpanan 4 hari. Tempura ikan mujair tersebut memiliki kadar air 44,71% ; WHC 45,41% ; tekstur 0,21 mm/gr.dt ; total mikroba 2,715 log(cfu/gr); angka peroksida 5,68 (meq/1000g) ; kadar lemak 4,14% ; Aktivitas air (Aw) 0,77% dengan nilai organoleptik bau 116 ; tekstur 125</em></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent: 0.39in; margin-bottom: 0in;" lang="es-ES"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="es-ES"><em>Kata kunci : mujair, tempura, </em></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="it-IT"><em>Sodium Tripolyphosphate </em></span></span></span></p>

Mark eDopson, Francisco eOssandon, Francisco eOssandon et al.

All metals are toxic at high concentrations and consequently their intracellular concentrations must be regulated. Acidophilic microorganisms have an optimum growth pH < 3 and proliferate in natural and anthropogenic low pH environments. Some acidophiles are involved in the catalysis of sulfide mineral dissolution, resulting in high concentrations of metals in solution. Acidophiles are often described as highly metal resistant via mechanisms such as multiple and/or more efficient active resistance systems than are present in neutrophiles. However, this is not the case for all acidophiles and we contend that their growth in high metal concentrations is partially due to an intrinsic tolerance as a consequence of the environment in which they live. In this perspective, we highlight metal tolerance via complexation of free metals by sulfate ions and passive tolerance to metal influx via an internal positive cytoplasmic transmembrane potential. These tolerance mechanisms have been largely ignored in past studies of acidophile growth in the presence of metals and should be taken into account.

R. Dainty