Hasil untuk "Metaphysics"

M. Masterman

M. Chiara, P. A. Metelli

Ignacio Cea, Ignacio Cea, Niccolo Negro et al.

In this article we present two ontological problems for the Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness 4.0: what we call the (i) the intrinsicality 2.0 problem, and (ii) the engineering problem. These problems entail that truly existing, conscious entities can depend on, and be engineered from, entities that do not objectively exist, which is problematic: if something does not exist in objective reality (i.e., in itself, independently of another entity’s consciousness), then it seems that it cannot be part of the material basis and determinants of other entities that do exist on their own. We argue that the core origin of these problems lies in IIT’s equation between true existence and phenomenal existence (consciousness), and the corresponding ontological exclusion of non-conscious physical entities (i.e., extrinsic entities) from objective reality. In short, these two problems seem to show that IIT should reconsider the ontological status of these extrinsic entities, because they need to exist objectively to account for the ontological implications of the scenarios we present here, which are permitted by the operational framework of the theory.

Dmitry D. Romanov

The research explores the ways of Kantianism reception in Russian symbolism philosophy. The emphasis is made on the philosophical systems of V.S. Solovyov, A. Bely, V.I. Ivanov and P.A. Florensky as the most holistically reflecting the development of epistemological, aesthetic, and general theoretical tendencies of the symbolist school, whose representatives are united by the similarity of critical positions regarding the teachings of I. Kant, which indicates the homogeneity of symbolist philosophy itself in its relation to transcendental idealism. The Kantian influence is analyzed, firstly, through the symbolist philosophy of culture disclosure and the influence of Marburg school neo-Kantianism on it, secondly, by identifying the foundations of the Silver Age mythocentric metaphysics with its unique ethical paradigm, thirdly, through solving the problem of antinomianism in the theory of cult as a space of religious creativity. Evolution peculiarity of Kantian influence on symbolism is explicated from the absolute acceptance of the criticism concepts of pure reason and the ability of judgment to their complete denial and search for the possibility of resolving antinomianism through the specific mission of social aesthetics. It is argued that with Kant's strong influence on the development of symbolist aesthetics, the symbolists themselves are looking for ways to bridge the gap between the world of noumenons and phenomena in it, noting the special role of theurgic creativity and the concept of catholicity consciousness. This makes it possible to understand the philosophy of symbolism as a counterargument system when posing the problem of the noumenal reality incomprehensibility. It is concluded that the symbolist criticism of Kantianism is generally religious and mystical-intuitionistic in general, justifying the possibility of comprehending the noumenal world as a principle of spiritual doing.

S. Blackburn

S. Haack

Antonella Del Prete

Examining the period from the 1920s to the 1970s, one of the key features of the Rivista di filosofia is a lasting interest in the Renaissance and Vico, while the focus on seventeenth-century metaphysics is significantly more time-bound and linked to the activity of some prominent figures in the journal such as Piero Martinetti, Eugenio Colorni, and Gioele Solari. The rise of the Neo-Enlightenment caused a radical change in the editorial choices, and turned the journal’s focus toward the empiricist tradition and the debate on historiographical methodologies.

Paulina Sulenta

In the article, the author undertakes the problem of whether the world, which in the light of the philosophical theory of creation ex nihilo was introduced into being as indestructible in some of its elements, can be annihilated by God and turned into non-being again. The divine power, which is the principle that sustains the world in existence, is subjected to metaphysical analysis. In the first part, the considerations concern the order of potentia Dei absoluta and focus on whether the annihilation of creation is within the scope of God’s power and what such an action may consist in. In the second part, the subject of consideration is the ordered power of God (potentia Dei ordinata), which is related to the search for an answer to the question of whether God, from whom the effect in the form of creation comes, not only can but actually wants to deprive the world of existence? Since the annihilation of the world is related to the issue of God’s decision to stop the creative activity that has been initiated, in addition to the principle of power, God’s will is also taken into account in the last part of the analysis.

H. Nagano

The resource-based view (RBV) has not previously been conceptualized as a theoretical framework encompassing metaphysical and empirical perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to logically analyze the evolutionary process of the RBV, triggered by “rigidity.” It attempts to clarify the significance and limitations of the RBV.,Based on Popper’s methodological model of the growth of knowledge, the study analyzed and evaluated the evolution of the RBV.,The RBV has evolved in three phases. The sub-problems have changed through empirical testing on the basis of one metaphysical problem and one metaphysical theory. Thus, the evolution may indicate progress within one framework. However, during phase 3, the ambiguity of concept may inhibit the growth of knowledge. For further progress, it is necessary to overcome the vulnerability of the RBV’s metaphysical statements.,This paper shows the possibility of the growth of knowledge within the RBV framework and for a new framework to emerge due to its limitations. It should contribute both theoretically and practically to the field of strategic management.,Popper’s model was used to examine a previously neglected topic, namely, the growth of knowledge in the evolution of the RBV. Moreover, considering “rigidity” as corresponding to a process of error elimination is a novel approach, clearly revealing the dynamism of the RBV’s evolution.

Paul de Lacvivier, Jason Morgan

Paul de Lacvivier This paper aims to highlight how the trial of Louis XVI expresses a complete inversion of the legal principles of Old Christian France, where the authority of the absolute King submits to superior customary and divine laws, against the Revolution, which makes the ‘general will’ a God allowing for unrestrained legal positivism. After recalling how the assassination of the King allowed the vicious circle of terror, the trial of Marie-Antoinette and the revolutionary trials, we propose an explanation of the legal principles that can lead to this kind of totalitarianism. To do so, we present some cases from 19th century Japan, which, when compared with the revolutionary trials and the pre-revolutionary Christian world, provide a key to understanding: the hierarchy of positive, natural and divine laws greatly explains how such and such a legal system can allow or not the justification of mass crimes or totalitarianism. Jason Morgan In his 2022 volume Common Good Constitutionalism, and in a series of essays and other works prior to the book’s release, Harvard Law School professor Adrian Vermeule advances a new vision for the American republic. Against the two dominant strains of constitutional interpretation in the United States, namely originalism and progressivism (“living constitutionalism”), Vermeule argues for common good constitutionalism, a return to the ius commune pursuit of that which is good for all in accordance with the natural law. While Vermeule’s work is ambitious and his intervention into originalist-progressivist debates welcome, a question remains: will common good constitutionalism be able to overcome America’s Enlightenment civil religion? In this paper, I consider the challenges which America’s Enlightenment civil religion poses to common good constitutionalism (and any other attempt to think past the Constitution from within a constitutional framework), concluding that common good constitutionalism, insofar as it is predicated on the pre-existing Constitution and deployed within the American politico-theological domain, cannot overcome America’s Enlightenment civil religion to effect the common good.

Nikolai N. Pavliuchenkov

The article examines literary heritage of I. V. Kireyevsky in the context of influence of F. W. Schelling’s philosophy on the domestic concepts of “whole knowledge” and pan-unity. The problem of spreading these concepts in the area of theology is also examined. The importance of development of this theme is rationale for the fact of perception of ideas of F. V. Schelling and I. V. Kireyevsky by Vladimir Solovyov, whose work had a significant impact on both philosophical and theological theories in Russia of the late 19th — early 20th centuries. It is noted that on the late stage of his work I. V. Kireyevsky tried to follow the teaching of Holy Fathers while borrowing some positions from F. V. Schelling. As the basis of his project of “whole knowledge” and new “science of philosophy” he took an idea about such development of human reason that would gradually result in the comprehension of dogmatic truths of Christianity. As envisioned by I. V. Kireyevsky, patristic theology should be rethought in accordance with the modern level of development of human reason. He also gave a concept of “personality” a metaphysical value, as well as F. V. Schelling did. I. V. Kireyevsky rethought and developed the teaching of F. V. Schelling about development and formation of Divine Personalities in relation to a man. The author affirms that the influence of conceptions of F. V. Schelling appears undoubted in the teaching of I. V. Kireyevsky about man’s falling off from the original “wholeness” and further overcoming of internal discord with following formation of a man of valuable personality. The author of the article has suggested that works of I. V. Kireyevsky mattered very much for the subsequent development of “theological personalism” and theological comprehension of the metaphysics of pan-unity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Małgorzata Gruchoła

According to Étienne Gilson, an endless reproduction of the technical aspects of a work of art can modify not only the aesthetic experience of which it is an object, but also the culture it is embedded in. Since industrialization of a cultural product in the form of the internet is a means of generating mass culture, questions could be raised regarding its sources and effects. This article offers three assumptions: 1) the internet, together with its content and actions taken by internet users, is a source of fear of experiencing cybercrime; 2) experiencing cybercrime is a result of using the internet; 3) in mass culture, the aesthetic experience has been replaced by the experience of fear. In order to address the titular question, I performed comparative analyses of EU citizens’ opinions on the basis of the Eurobarometer study conducted in EU countries (2013-2020) relating to the social perception of cybercrime, treated as a source of experiencing fear, and the level of their personal experience. A secondary quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data were performed, and a comparative method was used.

M. Raven

Roberto Casati, Achille C. Varzi

Anna-Sofia Maurin

Grounding theorists insist that grounding and explanation are intimately related. This claim could be understood as saying either that grounding ‘inherits’ its properties from (metaphysical) explanation (and that, therefore, contemplating the nature of explanation informs us about the nature of grounding) or it could be interpreted as saying that grounding plays an important—possibly an indispensable—role in metaphysical explanation (and that, therefore, that there are these explanations justifies positing grounding). Or both. I argue that saying that grounding ‘inherits’ its properties from explanation can only be justified if grounding is explanatory by nature (if so-called ‘unionism’ is true), but that this view is untenable. We ought therefore to be ‘separatists’ and view grounding and explanation as distinct. As it turns out, though, once grounding has been in this sense distinguished from the explanation it backs, the view that the role grounding plays in explanation justifies its introduction ends up in serious trouble. I conclude that the role grounding plays in explanation (if any) does not justify attributing to grounding whatever nature we think it has, and it most likely does not give us any special reason to think grounding exists.

Martin Lin

This chapter explores the meaning of Spinoza’s Principle of Sufficient Reason (the PSR) and the role it plays in his system. Some commentators have argued that Spinoza’s PSR applies to every truth and that Spinoza relies on it in deriving a great deal of his system. Against such interpretations, this chapter argues that Spinoza’s PSR is restricted to existential truths and is applied only once by Spinoza, to the case of the existence of God. In making this case, it considers Spinoza’s arguments for necessitarianism, causal and conceptual dependence, and the identity of indiscernibles, and it concludes that none of them rely on the PSR. It further argues that the limited scope of Spinoza’s PSR is a philosophical advantage because a fully unrestricted PSR is an unattractive doctrine that creates demands for explanation that cannot be met.

D. Mertens

Claudio Calosi, Jessica M. Wilson

D. Armstrong

C. Jenkins