Hasil untuk "Judaism"

David Moster

The author purchased a copy of Christian David Ginsburg’s The Massorah (1880-1905) and it contained thousands of mysterious handwritten numbers. It was determined by a handwriting analysis that these notes belonged to Ginsburg himself, and that he was analyzing the Masoretic material of two privately-owned codices. The first, MS Holkham 2, has been attributed to the scribe Yisrael Hasofer from Toledo, ca. 1200-1250. The second, the Schottenstein Spanish Bible, is of Sephardic origin from ca. 1300s. Both of these codices reference the now-lost Masoretic Bibles known as the Muggah and Hilleli codices.

Vibeke Moe

Recension

Laura Attardo

Placed at the beginning of Raban Maur’s Commentary on Jeremiah – London, British Library, Add MS 22820, fol. 9ro –, the historiated initial of the prophet Jeremiah has never been studied. Produced under the abbatiate of Maieul (954-994), the image presents a unique iconographic formula whose several levels of interpretation allow us to understand the spirituality and ecclesiology of the community’s monks in the mid-to-late 10th century. Firstly, it provides precious evidence to the early anti-Judaic climate that developed at Cluny, culminating in the writings of the ninth abbot, Peter the Venerable (1122-1156). Placed in the context of its creation, the anti-Jewish discourse subsequently served as a basis for the development of a Cluniac ecclesiology focused on the redemption of sins.

Yaelle Elfassi

The land of Israel is currently navigating challenging and distressing times. The abrupt shift from the celebratory high holidays to the disturbing terror acts of Hamas has deeply affected a new, contemporary generation. This generation, accustomed to a strong sense of security and the comfort of life in the Jewish homeland, had hoped that any future conflict would involve a 'clean' cyber war fought from the safety of their own living rooms The national memory, intertwined with the Yom Kippur War and the captives, revives a national trauma. The belief in our strength and the feeling that we would never again witness horrendous scenes shatters and reveals wounds that have yet to heal. Revisiting a time of warfare with Iron Swords and tanks, images of Jews suffering in inhumane conditions, not tolerated for their Judaism, even within their own land, is unsettling. The intensity of cruelty, the loss of basic moral principles, the slaughter of women, children, and infants, and scenes of horror—these transcend beyond the terrifying wounds inflicted upon us, causing severe disruptions in our perceptions and affects In these days, we are all witnesses to terror and affected by it in one way or another. Within the framework of this article, I aim to depict the concept of ‘terror witnessing’, outline this experience in general terms, and propose appropriate intervention principles. In doing so, I will address the unique highlights of our current situation due to terror witnessing as an entire nation. This is to contribute, to the rapidly accumulating body of knowledge for the intervention and treatment of the numerous victims of the attack and war drawing from my research and therapeutic experiences.

Gábor Schweitzer

Mercédesz Viktória Czimbalmos, Dóra Pataricza

The captivating painting of Helene Schjerfbeck, Fête juive / Lehtimajanjuhla (1883), is considered to this day an exceptional piece of art with significant cultural value. It already carries great value, aside from its artistic quality and how it showcases the Jewish feast of Sukkot. What is not evident from simply looking at the artwork, however, is the intriguing background story to the fate of its models – more specifically, that of its female model, Chava Slavatitsky, and the ‘scandal’ connected with her story. Her name became known all over Finland, as it gained significant attention from the local press, perhaps mainly as it occurred during the turbulent times of the late nineteenth century when the question of Jewish emancipation in Finland was frequently discussed in society. This article aims to briefly introduce the reader to Schjerfbeck’s motivation in creating the painting and to its representation of the Sukkot 140 years ago, as well as aiming to tell the extraordinary story of its relatively unknown young sitter, including her abduction and conversion to Christianity. Hence, this contribution aims to provide an addendum to the Jewish history of the country in the late 1800s and to briefly reflect on the nature of Jewish–Christian relations of the era.

Ana Jayone Yarza Pérez

Acre is a port city in the north-western part of Israel, with a history that goes back more than 4000 years. Being inscribed on the World Heritage List, the Old City of Acre preserves the urban and architectural elements of a historic town. Its outstanding value relies on the Crusader remnants preserved under the Ottoman city, showcasing the dynamism and continuous change of Mediterranean port cities. Moreover, the presence of various religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Bahai, adds to its complexity, expressed as monuments and religious sites that enrichen Acre’s cultural heritage. The dramatic change in values over the past decades has a direct impact on the built environment and the citizen’s lifestyles, in some cases jeopardising the physical elements and drastically influencing people’s lives. This paper aims to analyse the changes linked to the sea: livelihoods, tourism, and recreational use; and the change of use of the khan, as both the sea and the khan are constant elements in the city. The analysis of these processes serves as the starting point to identify changes in values which can enhance development or promote gentrification, and in the case of Khan Al-Umdan and its vicinity, we aim to recognise the lights and shadows that followed the adaptive reuse evaluation procedure, and the influence of the multiple narratives in its development. The conclusions will provide a solid base on which to develop a methodology on the one hand, identify changing processes, such as gentrification; and on the other, to evaluate adaptive reuse alternatives of cultural heritage in contested societies and changing values.

Adriana Kanzepolsky

By the mouth of the father? Tamara Kamenszain and the languages of Judaism. This article inquiries which place "the Jewish" occupies in Tamara Kamenszain´s poetry, as a condition inherited from the father and handed down, even grudgingly. Assuming this condition is reflected in Tamara´s poems by the recurrence of a series of images / concepts, among which the signifier “ghetto” stands out, therewith, the Jewish condition, as a narrative recovering a past and a genealogy, opens itself into a question of the order of procedure: to inquire the poem as an appropriate space to narrate one's own life and, also, whether it is a favourable space or not to the inscription of the intimate.

Jakub Havlíček

The paper deals with the world religions paradigm (WRP) in education on religions in the Czech education. The paper summarizes the criticism of WRP in the study of religions. The WRP formed in the 19th century under strong influence of Christian theology and colonialism, there are no objective criteria for its defining, it is highly abstract, ahistorical and it leads to essentialism and normative understanding of religions. The analysis of framework education programmes reveals that the WRP is applied in this curricular documents. The framework programme for basic education covers Christianity, Judaism and Islam, while Christianity has a privileged position. Framework programme for secondary education connects religions with the concept of civilization circles. World religions, understood in essentialistic and highly abstract terms, represent a basis for culture circles. This concept corresponds with the model of world civilizations by S. P. Huntington. In this perspective, world civilizations are based on religious traditions of WRP. European civilization is founded on Christianity, other religions are represented as aliens. The WRP in framework programmes enables formation of stereotypes on religious traditions and identities.

André de Souza Pinto

Este artigo, ao selecionar Retratos antigos: esboços a serem ampliados, de Elisa Lispector, teve como objetivo analisar a existência de um discurso fragmentado e memorialístico, assim como a construção, por intermédio dos retratos familiares, de uma autobiografia de Elisa e de sua família. Assim, o principal objetivo desse artigo foi apresentar a história dos Lispector feita por fotografias esquecidas em um velho álbum.

Adolfo D. Roitman

El libro de Judit es un libro apócrifo judío, escrito probablemente para finales del siglo II a.e.c. en la tierra de Israel, y existente solamente en versión griega o en versiones hechas a partir de ésta. La obra de carácter novelesco cuenta sobre la proeza de Judith, una mujer piadosa, bella, viuda y rica, que con arrojo y picardía decapitó al general Holofernes, salvando así a los judíos de Betulia de caer en manos de los asirios. La obra presenta un plan estructural muy complejo (una pirámide quiástica piramidal), el cual sirve como soporte literario para comunicar una doctrina religiosa original, a saber: una revisión de la tradicional doctrina de la retribución. El objetivo de esta composición habría sido presentar de una manera novelada una reflexión en retrospectiva acerca del significado religioso de la revuelta macabea.

André E. Key

Robert A. Saunders

This article provides a critical examination of the politico-religious content of the highly successful television series Game of Thrones and Vikings. By comparing and contrasting two very different representations of ethnically-marked “European” polytheism, I seek to uncover underlying trends in contemporary attitudes towards reconstructed “native faith” among peoples of European origin, particularly in contrast to “imported” monotheisms (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). This article makes several tentative claims about the protean nature of religious identity in the context of popular culture. First, that traditional lmic treatments of pagans qua villains is shifting, with contemporary popular culture allowing for more nuanced framing of Western forms of polytheism. Secondly, that such popular-culture representations of paganism have direct impact on certain contemporary Pagans’ personal spiritual paths by promoting and influencing the “invention of tradition” among a population which manifests non-traditional religious identities.

Alison C. Cares, G. Cusick

Arturo Marzano

This paper intends to analyze the way the Italian press reported one of the most sensitive events of the Second Intifada, the siege to the Nativity Church in Bethlehem of April-May 2002. In particular, it aims at investigating whether and to what extend the identified press used a 'nexus' between anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism. In some of the articles and of the cartoons published on the Italian newspapers and journals, it is possible to identify stereotypes coming from an anti-Jewish 'archive', that has been combining different discourses, from the Catholic anti-Judaism, to the racial and the political anti-Semitism, both right-wing and Marxist, up to the current anti-Israeli and anti-Zionist positions.

Fabio Py Murta Almeida

Este artigo é dedicado ao estudo do livro de Josué. Seu objetivo é apresentar, segundo a abordagem da pesquisa histórico-crítica, algumas possibilidades de se pensar um entendimento sistêmico dessa obra, enquanto literatura integrante do cânon cristão.

Z. Gitelman

J. Levison

Stephen Joseph

The impact of traumatic events is well documented within the clinical psychology literature where it is recognized that people who experience traumatic events may go on to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At first glance one might ask what the relevance of positive psychology is to the study of trauma. But a number of literatures and philosophies throughout human history have conveyed the idea that there is personal gain to be found in suffering. The observation that stressful and traumatic events can provoke positive psychological changes is also contained in the major religions of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism. Within existential philosophy and humanistic psychology it has also been recognized that positive changes can come about as a result of suffering. But it is only within the last decade that the topic of growth following adversity has become a focus for empirical work. In this paper I will provide an overview of the subject and the research we have conducted at the Centre for Trauma, Resilience, and Growth (CTRG).

A. Gerdmar