Hasil untuk "Journalism. The periodical press, etc."

Simon Portegies Zwart, Arjen Doelman, Jelmer Sein

Braids are periodic solutions to the general N-body problem in gravitational dynamics. These solutions seem special and unique, but they may result from rather usual encounters between four bodies. We aim at understanding the existence of braids in the Galaxy by reverse engineering the interactions in which they formed. We simulate self-gravitating systems of N particles, starting with the constructing of a specific braid, and bombard it with a single object. We study how frequently the bombarded braid dissolves in four singles, a triple and a single, a binary and 2 singles, or 2 binaries. The relative proportion of those events gives us insight into how easy it is to generate a braid through the reverse process. It turns out that braids are easily generated from encounters between 2 binaries, or a triple with a single object, independent on the braid's stability. We find that 3 of the explored braids are linearly stable against small perturbations, whereas one is unstable and short-lived. The shortest-lived braid appears the least stable and the most chaotic. nonplanar encounters also lead to braid formation, which, in our experiments, themselves are planar. The parameter space in azimuth and polar angle that lead to braid formation via binary-binary or triple-single encounters is anisotropic, and the distribution has a low fractal dimension. Since a substantial fraction of ~9% of our calculations lead to periodic 3-body systems, braids may be more common than expected. They could form in multi-body interactions. We do not expect many to exist for time, but they may be common as transients, as they survive for tens to hundreds of periodic orbits. We argue that braids are common in relatively shallow-potential background fields, such as the Oort cloud or the Galactic halo. If composed of compact objects, they potentially form interesting targets for gravitational wave detectors.

Judyta Ewa Perczak

Celem artykułu jest opis i analiza dwóch efemerycznych czasopism: Ze Świata Czarów i Świat Złudzeń, ukazujących się w połowie lat dwudziestych XX w. Są one interesujące z kilku względów. Były to najprawdopodobniej jedyne czasopisma poradnikowe dla iluzjonistów ukazujące się w Polsce, a ponadto miały pewien związek z modnym w tym okresie spirytyzmem. Miesięcznik Ze Świata Czarów ukazywał się w 1924 r., natomiast jedyny numer miesięcznika Świat Złudzeń ukazał się w lipcu 1925 r. Obydwa były redagowane i wydawane w Warszawie przez tych samych autorów, z których co najmniej jeden był praktykującym iluzjonistą. Do analizy wykorzystano wszystkie zachowane numery obydwu miesięczników, czyli 1–3 w przypadku pierwszego i 1 w przypadku drugiego czasopisma. Analizie poddano stronę edytorską, treści zamieszczane w obu tytułach oraz sposób realizacji zadań postawionych przed pismami przez redaktorów. Obydwa efemeryczne czasopisma łączą w sobie dwa, zdawałoby się odległe zagadnienia, czyli sztukę iluzji i spirytyzm. Nie będąc czasopismami spirytystycznymi czy ezoterycznymi, czerpią z nich sporo, ponieważ jednym z ich podstawowych celów jest wykazanie, że „wywoływanie duchów” to nic innego jak zręczne działania prestidigitatorów. Szczególnie pismo Ze Świata Czarów często zajmuje się udowadnianiem tej tezy. Jednocześnie oba pisma mają cechy fachowego poradnika dla amatorów iluzji i artystów zajmujących się nią zawodowo: omawiają ogólnie i szczegółowo zasady uprawiania „nowoczesnej magii”, opisują poszczególne triki, podają literaturę przedmiotu i polecają ukazujące się w całej Europie czasopisma na ten temat. Redaktorzy Ze Świata Czarów nawoływali nawet do założenia organizacji mającej pełnić funkcję m.in. związku zawodowego iluzjonistów. Omawianie tak niszowych i efemerycznych pism ma znaczenie nie tylko ze względu na ich unikalną tematykę, ale także jako uzupełnienie wiedzy o międzywojennym polskim rynku prasowym i trudnościach, z jakimi musieli się borykać mali, prywatni wydawcy prasowi.

Angel Torres-Toukoumidis, Mónica Hinojosa Becerra, Isidro Marín-Gutiérrez et al.

This study examines the role of local media in fostering a sense of community belonging among readers in the Ecuadorian context, focusing on how geographical coverage, news sources, and covered themes reinforce community identity. Through content analysis of 17 local media outlets and 6356 news pieces, we investigate how these elements cohesively contribute to the construction of an interconnected community. The findings indicate that predominantly local and regional coverage, along with reliance on primary sources within the community and the prevalence of topics related to politics, sports, and culture, play pivotal roles in creating a shared community fabric. By contextualizing the importance of “glocalization” in journalism, the study demonstrates how local media act as a mirror to community realities and aspirations, promoting a sense of intersubjectivity, adaptability, and civic engagement. This work underscores the critical importance of local media in representing the diversity of reality, facilitating civic participation, and strengthening the social fabric within the local context.

Fatma Kübra Astam, Tuğçe Esin Akgül, Şükrü Balcı

Günümüzde, farklı kullanım amaçlarına hizmet eden sosyal medya platformları, bireylerin bu mecralardaki kullanım alışkanlıkları ve olası bağımlılıkları üzerine yapılan araştırmaların giderek daha da önem kazandığı bir alana dönüşmektedir. Sosyal ağlar içerisinde TikTok gibi öne çıkan platformlar, kendine özgü özellikleriyle dikkat çekmekte ve kullanıcıların motivasyonlarını, olası bağımlılık risklerini anlamlandırmak adına önemli bir araştırma alanını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin TikTok kullanım motivasyonları ve TikTok bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Eskişehir’de öğrenimini sürdüren Anadolu Üniversitesi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi ve Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi'nde 400 gönüllü katılımcıyla saha araştırması yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen bu araştırma, TikTok kullanım motivasyonlarını ve bağımlılık ilişkisini incelemektedir. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, “bilgi, kişisel kimlik, uyum ve sosyal etkileşim ve eğlence” motivasyonları arttıkça TikTok bağımlılığının da arttığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca analizlerde “bilgi” motivasyonu ile “uyum ve sosyal etkileşim” motivasyonunun kadınlarda erkeklere oranla daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, TikTok'un kullanım nedenlerinin ve potansiyel bağımlılık risklerinin anlaşılmasına yönelik temel atıcı bir nitelik taşımaktadır.

Anatoli Ivanov, Bernhard Lani-Wayda, Sergiy Shelyag

A simple non-autonomous scalar differential equation with delay, exponential decay, nonlinear negative feedback and a periodic multiplicative coefficient is considered. It is shown that stable slowly oscillating periodic solutions with the period of the feedback coefficient, and also with the double period of the feedback coefficient exist. The periodic solutions are built explicitly in the case of piecewise constant feedback function and the periodic coefficient. The periodic dynamics are shown to persist under small perturbations of the equation which make it smooth. The results are confirmed and illustrated by numerical simulations.

Ulrich Schimmack, František Bartoš

The influential claim that most published results are false raised concerns about the trustworthiness and integrity of science. Since then, there have been numerous attempts to examine the rate of false-positive results that have failed to settle this question empirically. Here we propose a new way to estimate the false positive risk and apply the method to the results of (randomized) clinical trials in top medical journals. Contrary to claims that most published results are false, we find that the traditional significance criterion of $α= .05$ produces a false positive risk of 13%. Adjusting $α$ to .01 lowers the false positive risk to less than 5%. However, our method does provide clear evidence of publication bias that leads to inflated effect size estimates. These results provide a solid empirical foundation for evaluations of the trustworthiness of medical research.

Váleri Codesido Linares

Esta investigación profundiza en los elementos del cine dirigido por el cineasta valenciano que operan como distintivos de su narrativa fílmica, y toma como referente el largometraje Vivan los novios (1970). Ciertamente, el director valenciano retrató aspectos reconocibles de la España del momento: la llegada masiva del turismo y el consecuente choque cultural, el erotismo como rasgo argumental, etc., desde los presupuestos estético propios del cine comercial del momento. Sin embargo, sus reconocibles estilemas, relacionados con el esperpento y la fiesta como escenario subversivo, prevalecen si bien se entrelazan con los constructos de la comedia alimenticia. En la aplicación del método de análisis textual que propone la Teoría del Texto con el referente teórico planteado por Jesús González Requena, la presente investigación analiza la estructura simbólica del relato, así como su tesis narrativa, que contradice en su presupuesto a la habitual del cine comercial español coetáneo.

Hameed Jaeed

اولاً: مدخل الاعلام والديمقراطية ارتبط نمو الاعلام وتطور تقنياته، بتطور النظام الديمقراطي ومؤسساته السياسية والجماهيرية. وفي حالات كثيرة تمكنت التقنيات المعنية من فتح الابواب الموصدة امام انتشار الديمقراطية وتوسيع قاعدة تطبيقاتها. وكما يشير دوبريه "السمعي-البصري قد فتح الصورة والصوت بعد ان فتحت الطباعة اللغة الطبيعية"(1) امام تعميم الديمقراطية. فقد ادى تعميم الكتاب بفعل تطور الطباعة الى تجاوز هيمنة الكنيسة في اوربا، والبث المباشر ونقل المعلومات مكن الاعلام من تجاوز هيمنة الانظمة الفئوية. وفوق هذا وذاك فتح تطور تقنيات الاعلام خزائن الذاكرة الانسانية والاجتماعية لغرض امتلاك المعرفة، وكيفية ترجمتها الى فعل يومي متواصل. فقد سمحت لنا برؤية شكل الارض، والاطلاع على احوال الطقس والحركة الاقتصادية، والاطلاع المباشر على القرار السياسي، والتعرف بصورة افضل على معطيات المنجز العلمي والتقني(2).

Dmitry Kolesnikov, Nikolai Shakura, Konstantin Postnov

Her X-1/HZ Her is one of the best studied accreting X-ray pulsars. In addition to the pulsating and orbital periods, the X-ray and optical light curves of the source exhibit an almost periodic 35-day variability caused by a precessing accretion disk. The nature of the observed long-term stability of the 35-day cycle has been debatable. The X-ray pulse frequency of Her X-1 measured by the Fermi/GBM demonstrates periodical variations with X-ray flux at the Main-on state of the source. We explain the observed periodic sub-microsecond pulse frequency changes by the free precession of a triaxial neutron star with parameters previously inferred from an independent analysis of the X-ray pulse evolution over the 35-day cycle. In the Fermi/GBM data, we identified several time intervals with a duration of half a year or longer where the neutron star precession period describing the pulse frequency variations does not change. We found that the NS precession period varies within one per cent in different intervals. Such variations in the free precession period on a year time scale can be explained by <1% changes in the fractional difference between the triaxial neutron star's moments of inertia due to the accreted mass readjustment or variable internal coupling of the neutron star crust with the core.

Michele Trabucchi, Nami Mowlavi

Pieces of empirical evidence suggest the existence of a period-age relation for long-period variables (LPVs). Yet, this property has hardly been studied on theoretical grounds thus far. We aim to examine the period-age relation using the results from recent nonlinear pulsation calculations. We combined isochrone models with theoretical periods to simulate the distribution of fundamental mode LPV pulsators, which include Miras, in the period-age plane, and we compared it with observations of LPVs in Galactic and Magellanic Clouds' clusters. In agreement with observations, models predict that the fundamental mode period decreases with increasing age because of the dominant role of mass in shaping stellar structure and evolution. At a given age, the period distribution shows a non-negligible width and is skewed toward short periods, except for young C-rich stars. As a result, the period-age relations of O-rich and C-rich models are predicted to have different slopes. We derived best-fit relations describing age and initial mass as a function of the fundamental mode period for both O- and C-rich models. The study confirms the power of the period-age relations to study populations of LPVs of specific types, either O-rich or C-rich, on statistical grounds. In doing so, it is recommended not to limit a study to Miras, which would make it prone to selection biases, but rather to include semi-regular variables that pulsate predominantly in the fundamental mode. The use of the relations to study individual LPVs, on the other hand, requires more care given the scatter in the period distribution predicted at any given age.

Alberto Baccini, Eugenio Petrovich

Two alternative accounts can be given of the information contained in the acknowledgments of academic publications. According to the mainstream normative account, the acknowledgments serve to repay debts towards formal or informal collaborators. According to the strategic account, by contrast, the acknowledgments serve to increase the perceived quality of papers by associating the authors with influential scholars. The two accounts are assessed by analyzing the acknowledgments indexed in Web of Science of 1218 articles published in the "top-five journals" of economics for the years 2015-2019. The analysis is focused on six dimensions: (i) the style of acknowledging texts, (ii) the distribution of mentions, (iii) the identity of the most mentioned acknowledgees, (iv) the shares of highly and lowly mentioned acknowledgees, (v) the hierarchy of the acknowledgment network, and (vi) the correlation at a paper level between intellectual similarity, measured by common references, and social similarity, measured by common acknowledges. Results show that the normative and the strategic account should be considered as valid but partial explanations of acknowledging behavior. Hence, acknowledgments should be used with extreme caution for investigating collaboration practices and they should not be used to produce acknowledgments-based metrics of scholars for evaluative purposes.

L. M. Lerman, K. N. Trifonov

An analytic reversible Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom is studied in a neighborhood of its symmetric heteroclinic connection made up of a symmetric saddle-center, a symmetric orientable saddle periodic orbit lying in the same level of a Hamiltonian and two non-symmetric heteroclinic orbits permuted by the involution. This is a codimension one structure and therefore it can be met generally in one-parameter families of reversible Hamiltonian systems. There exist two possible types of such connections in dependence on how the involution acts near the equilibrium. We prove a series of theorems which show a chaotic behavior of the system and those in its unfoldings, in particular, the existence of countable sets of transverse homoclinic orbits to the saddle periodic orbit in the critical level, transverse heteroclinic connections involving a pair of saddle periodic orbits, families of elliptic periodic orbits, homoclinic tangencies, families of homoclinic orbits to saddle-centers in the unfolding, etc. As a byproduct, we get a criterion of the existence of homoclinic orbits to a saddle-center.

Wen-Cong Chen

Recently, repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) with a period of $P_{\rm FRB}=16.35\pm0.18$ days from FRB 180916.J0158+65 had been reported. It still remains controversial how to give rise to such a periodicity of this FRB. In this Letter, based on an assumption of a young pulsar surrounding by a debris disk, we attempt to diagnose whether the Lense-Thirring precession of the disk on the emitter can produce the observed periodicity. Our calculations indicate that the Lense-Thirring effect of a tilted disk can result in a precession period of 16 days for a mass inflow rate of $0.5-1.5\times10^{18}~\rm g\,s^{-1}$, a spin period of 1-20 ms of the pulsar, and an extremely low viscous parameter $α=10^{-8}$ in the disk. The disk mass and the magnetic field of the pulsar are also constrained to be $\sim10^{-3}~\rm M_{\odot}$ and $< 2.5\times 10^{13}~\rm G$. In our model, a new born pulsar with normal magnetic field and millisecond period would successively experience accretion phase, propeller phase, and is visible as a strong radio source in the current stage. The rotational energy of such a young NS can provide the observed radio bursting luminosity for $400$ years.

А. Тілепберген

Жaрты ғaсырдың­ тaрихи­ дaмуындa­ қaзaқ кеңес­тік­ әдебиеті­ идеологиялық­ және­ көркем­ биік­ терге жетті, бұл бүкіл одaқтық көркем әдебиеттің қaзынaсын толықтырып, бaйытуғa мүмкіндік берді­. Бaтыс және­ шығыс­ тілде­рі­не­ aудaрылғaн кітaптaрды тaңдaу кездей­соқ­ емес. Хaлықaрaлық тілдердің біріне aйнaлғaн орыс тілінің aрқaсындa әртүрлі хaлықтaрдың әдебиетімен бaйлaныс сaлaсы кеңей­ді­. Қaзaқстaн ше­телде­ жaриялaнғaн шығaрмaлaрдың сaны жaғынaн Ке­ңес Одaғы ел­ дерінің aрaсындa aлғaшқылaрдың бірі болып сaнaлaды. Әртүрлі және көптеген дереккөздердегі фaктілер мен деректерді сaлыстырмaлы тaлдaу – осы зерттеудің субъективті түсіндірмесінен aулaқ болуғa­ және­ жaлғaн пікір­лер­ мен қоры­тын­дылaрды­ шығaруғa жол aшaды. Мaқaлaдa ресей­­ лік ғaлымдaрдың, сaяхaтшылaрдың, шенеуніктердің, куәгерлердің және әскери қызметкерлердің шығaрмaлaрындa қaмтылғaн этногрaфиялық және тaрихи мaтериaлдaрдың үлкен көлемін тaлдaу негізінде қaзaқтaрдың ерекшеліктерінің тұтaс көзқaрaсын қaлыптaстыруғa әрекет жaсaлды. Ше­ телдік тaрихшылaр үшін қaзaқ әдебиетінің қоржыны, өзінің ерекше тaрихымен, бірегей рухa­ ни өмірімен, тaңғaжaйып эстетикaлық әлемімен тaңдaныс туғызды. Мaқaлaдa қaзaқ әдебиетіне, дәстүріне, мәдениетіне, тaрихынa қызығушылық тaнытқaн шетелдіктердің еңбектеріне сілтеме жaсaлып, еліміз­ді­ әлемге­ тaнытқaн ірі тұлғaлaр жaйлы сөз етіле­ді­. Соны­мен­ қaтaр, олaрдың әлем әдебиеті­не­ қосқaн үлесі­ жaйлы жaзылaды.

Mohamed Shaat

Comment on the paper Constitutive boundary conditions and paradoxes in nonlocal elastic nanobeams. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 121, 2017, 151-156 by G. Romano, R. Barretta, M. Diaco, and F. Marotti de Sciarra

Jorge Marirrodriga

Cuando en noviembre de 2010 los Documentos del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos filtrados por la organización WikiLeaks llegaron a manos de los periodistas de El País, estos consideraron que la publicación tal cual de los textos obtenidos podría poner en peligro la integridad de las personas que aparecían citadas como fuentes de información por parte de los diplomáticos estadounidenses. Al efecto de proteger a estas fuentes primarias, se establecieron una serie de directrices y protocolos. La tesis analiza este proceso y estudia los resultados.

Lucas Ferreira Martin, Rafael Duarte Oliveira Venancio

uma partida de futebol é comum matérias jornalísticas analisando a atuação de árbitro no jogo, principalmente quando comete algum erro. É alvo de jogadores, diretores, torcedores e passa a ser da imprensa também. O lado ser humano, às vezes, é deixado de lado e todos querem que árbitro acerte tudo. Não são máquinas, são profissionais treinados e capacitados que hoje recebem para apitar. Quando acertam tudo, ninguém lembra. Então, qual é o ethos do árbitro de futebol, a imagem construída discursiva e narrativamente dessa profissão? Para responder essas e outras, o projeto <em>A figura do árbitro de futebol no Brasil</em> teve como objetivo produzir um livro-reportagem sobre a arbitragem de futebol desde a formação até a atuação em jogos profissionais, englobando também amadores, nos diferentes campos do futebol (social, econômico, familiar, profissional etc.). No presente artigo, demonstramos a construção deste livro-reportagem a partir de elementos dos estudos sobre a Análise do Discurso da linha francesa, bem como da narratologia de A. J. Greimas. Tudo para ajudar na análise do ethos do árbitro de futebol no livro em questão, a fim de entender o árbitro também enquanto pessoa/profissional e mostrar as possibilidades linguísticas de um trabalho de jornalismo esportivo

José Patricio Pérez Rufí, Jennifer Rodríguez-López

El vídeo musical es un formato audiovisual creado generalmente por la industria discográfica con un objetivo comercial, promocional o conducente a la formación de la imagen pública de un intérprete musical. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir prácticas habituales en la realización y la edición del vídeo musical actual en un aspecto concreto: la duración del plano en función de su encuadre. Realizamos un análisis textual del videoclip de Mike Posner I Took a Pill in Ibiza (Jon Jon Augustavo, 2016). En este caso, los planos más frecuentes del videoclip son los planos cortos y sus duraciones medias están alrededor de los dos segundos, con una escala en duraciones medias paralela a la escala de los encuadres.

Na'ama Hallakoun, Dan Maoz, Eric Agol et al.

Recent Kepler photometry has revealed that about half of white dwarfs (WDs) have periodic, low-level (~ 1e-4 - 1e-3), optical variations. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ultraviolet spectroscopy has shown that up to about one half of WDs are actively accreting rocky planetary debris, as evidenced by the presence of photospheric metal absorption lines. We have obtained HST ultraviolet spectra of seven WDs that have been monitored for periodic variations, to test the hypothesis that these two phenomena are causally connected, i.e. that the optical periodic modulation is caused by WD rotation coupled with an inhomogeneous surface distribution of accreted metals. We detect photospheric metals in four out of the seven WDs. However, we find no significant correspondence between the existence of optical periodic variability and the detection of photospheric ultraviolet absorption lines. Thus the null hypothesis stands, that the two phenomena are not directly related. Some other source of WD surface inhomogeneity, perhaps related to magnetic field strength, combined with the WD rotation, or alternatively effects due to close binary companions, may be behind the observed optical modulation. We report the marginal detection of molecular hydrogen in WD J1949+4734, only the fourth known WD with detected H_2 lines. We also re-classify J1926+4219 as a carbon-rich He-sdO subdwarf.