Time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity is a quintessential unconventional quantum state. In Josephson junctions, time-reversal symmetry breaking manifests itself in the supercurrent interference pattern as the invariance of the critical current under the reversal of both transport and magnetic field directions, i.e., $I_\text{c+}(H) = I_\text{c-}(-H)$. So far, such systems have been realized in devices where superconductivity is injected into a deliberately constructed weak link medium, usually carefully tuned by external magnetic fields and electrostatic gating. In this work, we report time-reversal symmetry breaking in spontaneously emerging Josephson junctions without intentionally constructed weak links. This is realized in ultra-pure single-crystal microstructures of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, an unconventional superconductor with a multi-component order parameter. Here, the Josephson effect emerges intrinsically at the superconducting domain wall, where the degenerate states partially overlap. In addition to violating $I_\text{c+}(H) = I_\text{c-}(-H)$, we find a rich variety of exotic transport phenomena, including a supercurrent diode effect present in the entire interference pattern, two-channel critical current oscillations with a period that deviates from $Φ_0$, fractional Shapiro steps, and current-switchable bistable states with highly asymmetric critical currents. Our findings provide direct evidence of TRSB in unstrained Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ and reveal the potential of domain wall Josephson junctions, which can emerge in any superconductor where the pairing symmetry is described by a multi-component order parameter.
Multivariate Time Series (MTS) forecasting has a wide range of applications in both industry and academia. Recent advances in Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Network (STGNN) have achieved great progress in modelling spatial-temporal correlations. Limited by computational complexity, most STGNNs for MTS forecasting focus primarily on short-term and local spatial-temporal dependencies. Although some recent methods attempt to incorporate univariate history into modeling, they still overlook crucial long-term spatial-temporal similarities and correlations across MTS, which are essential for accurate forecasting. To fill this gap, we propose a framework called the Long-term Multivariate History Representation (LMHR) Enhanced STGNN for MTS forecasting. Specifically, a Long-term History Encoder (LHEncoder) is adopted to effectively encode the long-term history into segment-level contextual representations and reduce point-level noise. A non-parametric Hierarchical Representation Retriever (HRetriever) is designed to include the spatial information in the long-term spatial-temporal dependency modelling and pick out the most valuable representations with no additional training. A Transformer-based Aggregator (TAggregator) selectively fuses the sparsely retrieved contextual representations based on the ranking positional embedding efficiently. Experimental results demonstrate that LMHR outperforms typical STGNNs by 10.72% on the average prediction horizons and state-of-the-art methods by 4.12% on several real-world datasets. Additionally, it consistently improves prediction accuracy by 9.8% on the top 10% of rapidly changing patterns across the datasets.
Suyami Suyami, Fakhriati Fakhriati, Ninawati Syahrul
et al.
In the current digital era, despite technological advancements and increased access to education, there remains a significant population in Indonesia that believes in traditional healing practices associated with ‘mystical’ illnesses. One such illness is sawan. This research aims to provide a comprehensive description of the forms, factors, as well as treatments or prevention of sawan through qualitative research and case studies. Data was collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with 40 informants from various regions in Java. The findings reveal five types of sawan: sawan mayit, sawan bayi, sawan manten, sawan sambaing dalan, and sawan candhikala/sawan celeng. Additionally, the data also uncovered that sawan, along with preventive and curative measures available, include the use of mantras and traditional herbal remedies known as singgul. This research provides insights into alternative healing in the health field and serves as a foundation for further research on this subject, including studies beyond the island of Java and the exploration of the origins of sawan terminology.
We present HZ_evolution, a Python package to characterize the habitable histories of exoplanets. Given inputs of a planet's current effective flux and host star properties, HZ_evolution calculates its instellation history, the evolution of the star's Habitable Zone, and the duration the planet spends inside or outside the Habitable Zone.
Myong Chol Jung, Julien Monteil, Philip Schulz
et al.
We present the history-aware transformer (HAT), a transformer-based model that uses shoppers' purchase history to personalise outfit predictions. The aim of this work is to recommend outfits that are internally coherent while matching an individual shopper's style and taste. To achieve this, we stack two transformer models, one that produces outfit representations and another one that processes the history of purchased outfits for a given shopper. We use these models to score an outfit's compatibility in the context of a shopper's preferences as inferred from their previous purchases. During training, the model learns to discriminate between purchased and random outfits using 3 losses: the focal loss for outfit compatibility typically used in the literature, a contrastive loss to bring closer learned outfit embeddings from a shopper's history, and an adaptive margin loss to facilitate learning from weak negatives. Together, these losses enable the model to make personalised recommendations based on a shopper's purchase history. Our experiments on the IQON3000 and Polyvore datasets show that HAT outperforms strong baselines on the outfit Compatibility Prediction (CP) and the Fill In The Blank (FITB) tasks. The model improves AUC for the CP hard task by 15.7% (IQON3000) and 19.4% (Polyvore) compared to previous SOTA results. It further improves accuracy on the FITB hard task by 6.5% and 9.7%, respectively. We provide ablation studies on the personalisation, constrastive loss, and adaptive margin loss that highlight the importance of these modelling choices.
The establishment date of Demirci, one of the districts farthest from Manisa city center, is not exactly known. It is possible to see the traces of different civilizations from every age of history in the town center and its villages. The ancient city of Saittai/Sidas within the borders of the district constitutes one of the important centers of the Lydians. In addition to the traces of the ancient era, historical assets from Saruhanogullari and Ottomans continue to exist in the district. There are mosques dating back to the late period in the villages of Demirci district. The majority of the mosques have wooden ceilings and handmade ornaments. The mosques that are studied in this research; Marmaracık Village Mosque, Köylüce Village Old Mosque and Kızılca Village Old Mosque; have hand-drawn decorations applied on plaster. In general, there are floral ornaments and writings with religious content. In addition to these, curtains, oil lamps, and clock motifs, which are accepted as symbols of the westernization period, are present. The ornaments are addressed in the form of tables in medallions and rectangular panels. Because the mosques mentioned in this study have not yet been the subject of a study, the buildings will be discussed in detail in terms of plan, material, and ornamentation.
The assembly of galaxies over cosmic time is tightly connected to the assembly of their host dark matter halos. We investigate the stellar mass growth history and the chemical enrichment history of central galaxies in SDSS-MaNGA. We find that the derived stellar metallicity of passive central galaxies is always higher than that of the star-forming ones. This stellar metallicity enhancement becomes progressively larger towards low-mass galaxies (at a given epoch) and earlier epochs (at a given stellar mass), which suggests strangulation as the primary mechanism for star formation quenching in central galaxies not only in the local universe, but also very likely at higher redshifts up to $z\sim3$. We show that at the same present-day stellar mass, passive central galaxies assembled half of their final stellar mass $\sim 2$ Gyr earlier than star-forming central galaxies, which agrees well with semi-analytic model. Exploring semi-analytic model, we find that this is because passive central galaxies reside in, on average, more massive halos with a higher halo mass increase rate across cosmic time. As a consequence, passive central galaxies are assembled faster and also quenched earlier than their star-forming counterparts. While at the same present-day halo mass, different halo assembly history also produces very different final stellar mass of the central galaxy within, and halos assembled earlier host more massive centrals with a higher quenched fraction, in particular around the "golden halo mass" at $10^{12}\mathrm{M_\odot}$. Our results call attention back to the dark matter halo as a key driver of galaxy evolution.
The work reveals the history of the personalities captured in the photograph which is stored in the collections of the Khiva State Museum-Reserve “Ichan-Kala”. At its center is Muhammad Rahim Khan II, the ruler of the Khiva Khanate. Based on historical sources, the author of the article highlights the life and activities of Mukhammad Rakhim Khan II and the palace officials who ruled the Khanate at the end of the 19th century. It is shown that Mukhammad Rakhim Khan II aspired to be the patron of Sharia. He was an enlightened ruler – he supported musical and poetic arts, had polemical conversations with intellectuals, and was fond of writing poems. In 1874, under the patronage of Mukhammad Rakhim Khan II, the first printing house in Central Asia for printing lithographic books was organized in Khorezm. One of the first books published in it were “Khamsa” by Alisher Navoi and “Divan” by the poet Munis.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Folklore
Hendra Naldi, Yelda Syafrina, Diana Putri Nengsi
et al.
This article report the study of traditional dance in Siguntur Dharmasraya, West Sumatra. Marhasnida, a cultural activist from Nagari Siguntur, created the toga dance. This article explains how the dance was created, developed, and performed from stage to stage and passed on to the younger generation for preservation. This historical research observed and analyzed the actions of an individual closely related to the development of toga dance. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and tracing of personal archives pertaining to various aspects of the dance, including its history and movements. This research found (1) that Marhasnida has been involved in the preservation of toga dance since 1990; (2) that toga dance has been performed in various local, national, and international performances; and (3) that toga dance preservation involves educational institutions and students at the school where Marhasnida teaches, which also serves as a forum for fostering young dancers who will preserve the dance. Findings indicate that traditional activities are not only preserved and passed on to the millennials by formal institutions established by the government, but also by an individual who is also a local activist and culture expert. However, this study also shows that the involvement of formal institutions such as schools is quite effective for attracting young talents to preserve and practice regional arts. However, not all art activists are teachers and have access to formal education. For this reason, an educational curriculum that can stimulate actions to explore cultural values and local wisdom by providing flexibility for teachers to create, innovate, and collaborate with practitioners is a commendable measure
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Online action detection is the task of predicting the action as soon as it happens in a streaming video. A major challenge is that the model does not have access to the future and has to solely rely on the history, i.e., the frames observed so far, to make predictions. It is therefore important to accentuate parts of the history that are more informative to the prediction of the current frame. We present GateHUB, Gated History Unit with Background Suppression, that comprises a novel position-guided gated cross-attention mechanism to enhance or suppress parts of the history as per how informative they are for current frame prediction. GateHUB further proposes Future-augmented History (FaH) to make history features more informative by using subsequently observed frames when available. In a single unified framework, GateHUB integrates the transformer's ability of long-range temporal modeling and the recurrent model's capacity to selectively encode relevant information. GateHUB also introduces a background suppression objective to further mitigate false positive background frames that closely resemble the action frames. Extensive validation on three benchmark datasets, THUMOS, TVSeries, and HDD, demonstrates that GateHUB significantly outperforms all existing methods and is also more efficient than the existing best work. Furthermore, a flow-free version of GateHUB is able to achieve higher or close accuracy at 2.8x higher frame rate compared to all existing methods that require both RGB and optical flow information for prediction.
ناقش البحث إستخدام نطم المعلومات الجغرافية لمشاريع الصناعية في محافظة النجف الاشرف وتقويمها، اذ تمحورت مشكلة الدراسة: (قلة المشاريع الاستثمارية الصناعية وضعف كفاءتها الوظيفية وتوزيعها المكاني في المحافظة)، ووضعت فرضية الدراسة: بان هناك (أمكانية توزيع المشاريع الاستثمارية الصناعية وإقامتها في محافظة النجف الاشرف بإستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية)، واعتمدت البحث على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي واستعمال نظم المعلومات الجغرافية فضلاً عن الاعتماد على المعايير التخطيطية الوصفية، وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات اهمها ان الاستثمارات الصناعية في المحافظة كانت محدودة في عددها حيث بلغت (5) مشاريع استثمارية منجزة .
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
Тарас Шевченко є однією з найбільш досліджуваних та обговорюваних постатей в українському суспільстві. Рецепції та оцінка постаті Шевченка в різні епохи були різними. Часто вони залежали від суспільної ситуації чи переважаючих трендів у гуманітарному дискурсі. Ця рецепція коливалась від дуже позитивної оцінки до критичної. Автори виділяють декілька ключових рецепцій Шевченка в українському суспільному просторі («народний герой», «Батько нації», «Поет революційний демократ»). На їхню думку в сучасній Україні тривають процеси пошуку нового образу Т. Шевченка. Відбувається витворення нових форм суспільного вшанування (комеморації), в тому числі через музейні виставкові проекти. Автори аналізують значення музейних наративних експозицій та виставок для формування нових суспільних образів на прикладі виставкового проєкту
«Шевченко мовою міста», який проходив в Національному музеї Тараса Шевченка з 4 листопада 2020 по 31 січня 2021 року. Куратори намагалися дослідити, дослідити, як змінювався особистий досвід людини в місті у процесі урбанізації з ХІХ століття та як міське середовище впливало на формування постаті Тараса Шевченка. Саме у цей час міста ХІХ столітті міста остаточно стають просторами, які формують тренди, акценти суспільного світового розвитку, що впливає і на Т. Шевченка, оскільки саме у місті він отримує побутову свободу, професію та розширює коло спілкування. Місто дає йому розуміння культури, її сили і важливості не тільки для споживання та прийняття, але і для творення нових смислів. Такий підхід, на думку авторів, дозволяє краще зрозуміти значення постаті Тараса Шевченка, його включення у сучасний український та світовий контекст.
Ключові слова: Тарас Шевченко, наративна експозиція, комеморація, урбанізація, Національний музей Тараса Шевченка, виставка.
We address a Timoshenko system with memory in the history context and thermoelasticity of type III for heat conduction. Our main goal is to prove its uniform (exponential) stability by illustrating carefully the sensitivity of the heat and history couplings on the Timoshenko system. This investigation contrasts previous insights on the subject and promotes a new perspective with respect to the stability of the thermo-viscoelastic problem carried out, by combining the whole strength of history and thermal effects.
Digital arts have gained an unprecedented level of popularity with the emergence of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). NFTs are cryptographic assets that are stored on blockchain networks and represent a digital certificate of ownership that cannot be forged. NFTs can be incorporated into a smart contract which allows the owner to benefit from a future sale percentage. While digital art producers can benefit immensely with NFTs, their production is time consuming. Therefore, this paper explores the possibility of using generative adversarial networks (GANs) for automatic generation of digital arts. GANs are deep learning architectures that are widely and effectively used for synthesis of audio, images, and video contents. However, their application to NFT arts have been limited. In this paper, a GAN-based architecture is implemented and evaluated for novel NFT-style digital arts generation. Results from the qualitative case study indicate that the generated artworks are comparable to the real samples in terms of being interesting and inspiring and they were judged to be more innovative than real samples.
У статті на матеріалі діалогів італійського гуманіста Петрарки (1304-1374) «Про гру в кістки і камені» і «Про вдалу гру в кістки», ксилографій 1519-1520-х рр. до них Майстра Петрарки, а також епіграфів 1530-х рр. німецького поета-священика Пінітіана автор виявляє, як взаємодіють між собою три «тексти». Що цікаво, діалоги є своєрідними «фотографіями» італійської повсякденності XIV в. в її трактуванні гуманістом і інтелектуалом. Епіграфи і ксилографії, у свою чергу, відображають німецьку повсякденність часів Реформації. Діалоги Петрарки показують, що німецький читач схвалив би їх навіть без епіграфів і ілюстрацій. Злободенність, актуальність вибарної гуманістом теми тільки зросла за 150 років. У рядках же епіграфів і ксилографіях вона набула у Німеччині часів Реформації нових відтінків «бенкету під час чуми»; при цьому чуми, ворожнечі, не-людяності виявляється більше, ніж азартних веселощів. У епіграфах Пінітіана акцент падає на християнсько-дидактичну складову діалогів. Світське ж начало тексту, його багата гуманістична риторика відходять на задній план. Майстер Петрарки загострив соціальне звучання теми: ксилографії демонструють реформаторське засудження багатства, безцільних витрат, а також рішуче засуджують використання зброї як засобу вирішення конфліктів, громадянських і повсякденних. Засуджують вони і забуття людяності.
لقد ظهرت في العصر الحديث دراسات عديدة في علم النفس وهي تبحث حول دلالة اللون وأهميتها ودورها السيكولوجي والجمالي في فهم أفكار الإنسان ونواياه. خاصة حينما يتم استخدم اللون من جانب اديب عبقرة ذو حاسة دقيقة؛ حينذاك لم يكن اللون أقل أهمية من الكلمات والبنية الموسيقية والأسلوب ويعتبر من أهم السبل للكشف عن نوايا النص ومقاصده. أما حينما يستخدم الشاعر الأعمي اللون في شعره، لهذا التوظيف طرافة أخري وأهمية كبري، لأنه رغم عدم بصره يستخدم اللون بإدراكه وذهنه، فاللون أكثر أهمية وتلاصقا بمدركاته الذهنية وأهم طريق للفهم علي فكرته وأسلوبه. من هذه الألوان اللون الأسود، اللون الذي يري الأعمي العالم به وهو أكثر أهمية وتواتر في الشعر الأعمي. من الشعراء العرب البارزين الذي له عبقرية كبري في الشعر العربي هو ابوالعلاء المعري. هو علي رغم عدم بصره تلقي الأمور والشؤون وفهم القضايا الإنسانية الكبري فهما عميقا جذرياً. إذن لاشك أنه يستخدم الألوان بدقائقها وبدلالاتها الهامة في شعره خاصة اللون الأسود الذي تعامل الشاعر معه طوال حياته كراراً. إذن هذه الدراسة نظراً إلي أهمية توظيف اللون في شعر معري وخاصة أهمية اللون الأسود ودلالاته المؤدية، تتوخي أن تدرس جماليات هذا اللون ووظائفه في ديوانه الشعري خلال المنهج الوصفي ـ التحليلي. خلصت النتيجة أن الشاعر استخدم هذا اللون في أشكال مختلفة كلون الغراب والعين والزنج وإلخ وعرض عنها جماليات ثنائية سلبية وإيجابية.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
موضوع هذه الدراسة هو التحقيق في تحسين النسل أو التحسين الجيني كواحد من أهم القضايا المعاصرة للإثنيات العملية. بيان المشكلة على النحو التالي: هل تعزيز التركيب الجيني للجنس البشري ممكن من خلال الهندسة الوراثية وتخزين الحيوانات المنوية للرجال ذات السمات البارزة في بنوك الحيوانات المنوية وزرعها في رحم النساء على نطاق واسع سواء بشكل طبيعي أو من خلال التلقيح الاصطناعي؟ إن تحسين جودة الجنس البشري والقضاء على العيوب الوراثية أو الحد منها من خلال التحكم في التغيرات السلوكية والبيولوجية في الجينوم البشري ، سواء كانت جيدة أو شريرة ومقبولة أخلاقياً ودينياً ، هي مسألة مهمة يجب استكشافها. الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة الوصفية التحليلية ، بالإضافة إلى التحقيق النقدي في التطور الجيني غير الأخلاقي ، تقديم نظرة جديدة للدين الإسلامي الشامل لتحقيق جيل نظيف ومتعلم جيدًا وإزالة العيوب والعيوب الجينية للحصول على المجتمع المثالي. ومن أهم نتائج هذا البحث أن الإسلام يؤكد على الهندسة الوراثية بطرق مختلفة ، بل ويطرح عدة توصيات في هذا الصدد. إن تجاهل المبادئ الأخلاقية ، وأزمة الهوية ، وتعزيز العنصرية ، وسقوط المعرفة الجينية ، واحتمال حدوث مشاكل عقلية ونفسية ، وتجاهل قوة الإرادة ، والتجاوزات السياسية والاجتماعية هي أهم انتقادات للهندسة الوراثية التي تتم من خلال التحكم في التماثيل البشرية وتغييرها.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
Written by the Nobel laureate Chinese writer Mo Yan, Red Sorghum is a complicated historical novel. This thematically complex novel was first published in Chinese in 1987 and English in 1993. Unfolded through the perspective of a child who is the grandson of the protagonist, the novel bears a strong resemblance to an epic. The novel consists of five sections that disclose and interweave the story of the narrator’s grandfather and grandmother in Gaomi during the turbulent decades of the 1920s to 1940s. It depicts the bandit culture, the Japanese occupation, and the harsh conditions endured by poor farmworkers. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to study how the history of China has been represented in the novel Red Sorghum. It has been made to prove that Mo Yan has dealt with history in his own unique way. For him, fiction is the imaginative representation of history.
Zandieh is a short period in Iranian history (1751-1794 AD) which influence on Qajar art (1794-1925 AD) has always been discussed. The period of Karim-Khan Zand (1751-1779 A.D) is considered as one of the three stages of the evolution and development of Iranian art after the fall of the Safavids, which is a combination of a kind of "realism" and "ancientism," but both in the folk tradition, with the suspension fluctuated between the return to royal traditions and the pursuit of European arts. However, Zandieh-era tileworks have not been sufficiently investigated. Tileworks in Zand dynasty are limited, and at the same time, the Arg or Citadel of the Karim-Khan Zand is also considered to be most widely made of bricks, which has few tileworks. Much of the research in this area has focused on brick ornamentation and paintings. Therefore, case studies in identifying each part of the original Zandieh-era tilework can be useful in seeking a comprehensive understanding of Zand art. The current research could be evaluated in this context. Except for a number of mosaics and arabesque motifs in tileworks, there were three lost tileworks located at the entrance to the Arg in the courtyard at the Eastern side, which have been lost for decades and for some unknown reasons. The middle tilework is larger and its shape is a square with an approximate size of 2.70 m. The two northern and southern tileworks have similar proportions and an approximate size of 1.70 at 2.70 m. The geometric analysis of the components of these three tiles reflects the pivotal geometry of the motifs. Each of these three constituents has only a relative axial symmetry and is, at the same time, in perfect alignment with the central tile of the largest size. The purpose of the current research is to recognize the "scheme" and the "content" of these tileworks, and to study similar examples and their impact on the correct understanding of the geometry and architecture of the citadel. The research method is an interpretive-historical approach that uses analytical and deductive data such as historical photographs, field observations, writings by historians and tourists. In the first step, by studying the artistic features of the Zandieh-era works, the basic principles necessary for understanding the notions of Zand art are underlined, with emphasis on tile paintings. In the second step, after the dating of the tilework, its design has been compared to similar examples and its content has been adapted to the Zand art history. At the end and in the third step, analyzing its composition, its role in the spatial structure of the citadel in a descriptive-analytical approach is discussed. The findings of this study showed that these tileworks are a reflection of the ordinary architecture of the Arg; the representational content of these three tileworks shows the presence of servants with floral dresses, long clothes and small hats that represent Zand's traditional dress and serve with numerous dishes of fruit, cup and pitcher. The natural landscape, in contrast to the steady state of the Arg, represents the dynamic nature and the life of the citadel. Due to reasons such as lack of sufficient land for construction, the complexity of the functions resulting from the creation of a residential space along with the service sectors such as the bath and the spaces of servants and need for security, the Arg developed a simple courtyard house to fit within the shape of an inland city citadel. The aesthetics of the plan are based on the four-Ivan pattern of the Safavid era, and the combination of the two scales of the house and the citadel have led to the removal of the Ivan of the eastern side for a variety of reasons. This fault has been retrieved by the imitation of the Arg architecture (including the two-column Ivan, the upper niche of the two-chambered rooms, the paintings with the flower pattern, etc.), and in particular the representation of the main Ivan (the king's), a two-dimensional image of the Ivan and its components have compensated the architectural defects. The geometric analysis of the constituents of these three tileworks shows the remarkable geometry in the layout of the motifs. Each of the three alone has relative axial symmetry and is in complete symmetry with the large central tile. In addition to their artistic and aesthetic role in creating diversity on the inner eastern wall of the Arg and creating the focal point of the longitudinal axis of the Arg from the Ivan to the entrance, the following could also be pointed out: a) Tileworks as a reflection of the daily servants of the Arg; (b) Tileworks as a two-dimensional mirror against the architectural three-dimensional elements; (c) Tileworks as an ideal world against the real world of Arg; and (d) Tileworks as aesthetic concept of Qajar local governors in the administrative buildings and houses.