Hasil untuk "History (General) and history of Europe"

Sebastián Hincapié Rojas

David W. Kim

DAVID W. KIM (BTh, Brisbane, Australia; MA, University of Queensland, Australia; PhD, University of Sydney, Australia) is Visiting Fellow at the School of History, Australian National University, and Associate Professor of Asian History in the College of General Education at Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea. He is Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society (FRAS), United Kingdom, and serves as Editor for Book Series inModern East Asian Religion and Culture (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK). He is the author, most recently, of Sacred Sites and Sacred Stories Across Cultures: Transmission of Oral Tradition, Myth, and Religiosity (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021); New Religious Movements in Modern Asian History: Socio-Cultural Alternatives (Lanham, Boulder, New York, and London: Lexington Books, 2020); Daesoon Jinrihoe in Modern Korea: The Emergence, Transformation, and Transmission of a New Religion (Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020); Colonial Transformation and Asian Religions in Modern History (Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018), Religious Encounters in Transcultural Society: A Transnational Movement (Maryland: Lexington Books, 2017); and Religious Transformation in Modern Asia: A Transnational Movement (Leiden and New York: Brill, 2015). His articles have appeared in The Journal of Religion in Japan, International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society, The Review of Korean Studies, Journal of Church and State, Journal of Korean Religions, European Journal of Korean Studies, Journal of Asian History, Asian Studies Review, Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory, Religious Studies and Theology, Irish Journal of Asian Studies, Journal of Theology in Scotland, Studies in World Christianity: The Edinburgh Review of Theology & Religion, Biblica, Journal of Coptic Studies, Augustinianum, and Journal of Religious History. Kim’s primary scholarly interests include history, modern East Asia, Korean culture, new religions, and Christianity. 1. Since this is initial research on COVID-19 and the Korean Church, some sources are based on official reports published by the health authority (KCDC: Korea

Catia Brilli

This article analyses the evolution of the role of the consuls in the territories of the Hispanic monarchy during the Genoese emigration from the end of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century. Emigration from the Ligurian coasts underwent profound political and institutional changes during this period; on the one hand this led to the disappearance of the republic of Genoa and to its annexation to the kingdom of Sardinia, and on the other hand, to the disintegration of the Hispanic monarchy, to which the Genoese businessmen had linked their fortunes. In order to identify the possible changes or continuities in Genoese consular affiliation with the emergence of new state realities, the analysis will focus on the port of Cadiz, a centre for commerce with the Indies and home to one of the most important communities of expatriates at the end of the Old Regime, and the port of Buenos Aires, the main settlement area for modern Genoese emigration to America after the collapse of the colonial order.

Eleni Genitsaridi, M. Partyka, S. Gallus et al.

BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of tinnitus is substantial. Its numerous pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations have hampered fundamental and treatment research significantly. A decade ago, the Tinnitus Research Initiative introduced the Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire, a case history instrument for standardised collection of information about the characteristics of the tinnitus patient. Since then, a number of studies have been published which characterise individuals and groups using data collected with this questionnaire. However, its use has been restricted to a clinical setting and to the evaluation of people with tinnitus only. In addition, it is limited in the ability to capture relevant comorbidities and evaluate their temporal relationship with tinnitus. METHOD Here we present a new case history instrument which is comprehensive in scope and can be answered by people with and without tinnitus alike. This 'European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire' (ESIT-SQ) was developed with specific attention to questions about potential risk factors for tinnitus (including demographics, lifestyle, general medical and otological histories), and tinnitus characteristics (including perceptual characteristics, modulating factors, and associations with co-existing conditions). It was first developed in English, then translated into Dutch, German, Italian, Polish, Spanish, and Swedish, thus having broad applicability and supporting international collaboration. CONCLUSIONS With respect to better understanding tinnitus profiles, we anticipate the ESIT-SQ to be a starting point for comprehensive multi-variate analyses of tinnitus. Data collected with the ESIT-SQ can allow establishment of patterns that distinguish tinnitus from non-tinnitus, and definition of common sets of tinnitus characteristics which might be indicated by the presence of otological or comorbid systemic diseases for which tinnitus is a known symptom.

J. Majorowicz, M. Grad, M. Pólkowski

The relation between heat flow, topography and Moho depth for recent maps of Europe is presented. Newest heat flow map of Europe is based on updated database of uncorrected heat flow values to which paleoclimatic correction is applied across the continental Europe (Majorowicz and Wybraniec 2010). Correction is depth dependent due to a diffusive thermal transfer of the surface temperature forcing, of which glacial–interglacial history has the largest impact. This explains some very low uncorrected heat flow values of 20–30 mW/m2in shallow boreholes in the shields, shallow basin areas of the cratons, and in other areas including orogenic belts where heat flow was likely underestimated due to small depth of the temperature logs. New integrated map of the European Moho depth (Grad et al 2009) is the first high resolution digital map for European plate, which is understood as an area from Ural Mountains in the east to mid-Atlantic ridge in the west, and Mediterranean Sea in the south to Spitsbergen and Barents Sea in Arctic, in the north. For correlation we used the following: onshore heat flow density data with palaeoclimatic correction (5318 locations), topography map (30x30 arc seconds, by Danielson and Gesch 2011) and Moho map by Grad et al (2009), providing longitude, latitude and Moho depth (with resolution of 0.1 degree). Analysis was limited to locations for which datasets were available. The area of continental Europe has been divided into two large domains: Precambrian East European craton and Palaeozoic Platform of the West Europe. In addition, two smaller areas were considered, corresponding to Scandinavian Caledonides and Anatolia. The results obtained reveal significantly different correlations between Moho depth, elevation and heat flow for these regions. For each region detailed analysis of these relations in different elevation ranges are presented. In general, it is observed that Moho depth is more significant for heat flow than elevation. Depending on the region and elevation range, heat flow value is up to two times larger than Moho depth, while relation of heat flow to elevation has much more variability.

Ira Robinson

Davidović-Rakić Jelena I., Pavićević Miljana S.

The Interpersonal Circumplex Model forms the theoretical basis of the paper, which explains the behaviour of the individual in interpersonal relationships and the Big-Five Personality Model, which implies the existence of five basic dimensions of personality. The paper aimed at examining the predictive power of the domain of the interpersonal circumplex model in predicting personality traits of youth in Kosovo and Metohija. The sample consisted of young people aged 18 to 26 studying at these three faculties (Faculty of Philosophy, Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Law) at the University of Pristina with temporary head office in Kosovska Mitrovica. The following instruments were used to collect the data: The Interpersonal Questionnaire (IPQ-S 76) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Results of the regression analysis show that the interpersonal circumplex model is significant in predicting extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and pleasantness, and the percentage of variance explaining personality traits ranges from 16 to 40%. The following variables were singled out from the group of predictor variables: (non) Fearfulness and Extraversion in Extraversion Prediction; Assertiveness, Belonging/Attachment, and (non) Manipulativeness in Predicting Openness to Experience; (non) Equanimity in predicting conscientiousness; (non) Assertiveness and (non) Reservation as well as Belonging in predicting pleasantness. Young people who are assertive, sociable and warm-hearted, are characterized by optimism, cordiality, openness to change and new experiences. The findings obtained are in harmony with some previous studies that showed that the interpersonal circumplex model contributes substantially to predicting extraversion and pleasantness.

Timo Duile

At the end of 2016, Islamist organisations proved able to mobilise hundreds of thousands of people for political purposes in Indonesia. In order to explain their success, the role of social media should not be underestimated, as Islamic movements rely heavily on agitation in online media. This article sheds light on the example of the Front Pembela Islam, using one of the organisation’s Facebook pages as a case study. Within the algorithmic enclave of a cyber tribe, narratives and symbols are applied in memes. The research examines how narratives and symbols evoke emotions in online memes and offline banners, what narratives are addressed, and how the memes make claims regarding commonly acknowledged signifiers such as the NKRI, Islam and Pluralism. The guiding thesis is that these memes express not simply anti-pluralist or anti-NKRI notions, as opponents of these groups frequently assert, but rather combinations of robust nationalism and their alternative version of pluralism with conservative Islamic approaches. Nonetheless, threats and enemies are inevitably present as a constitutive outside and suggest a highly exclusive version of Indonesianness. Thus similar narratives and symbols applied in online media also emerge within public spaces, blurring the distinction between the online and offline realms.

Milou van Hout

‘Trieste, non di nuovo’In questo contributo ci si chiede come Trieste sia potuta crescere in modo tale da diventare una città dal significato mitologico letterario. Dal punto di vista della persona e dello scrittore Claudio Magris, vengono indagati l’ambiente letterario urbano di Trieste e la sua manifestazione in un discorso europeo di diversità ed identità durante periodi di crisi. Si propone una lettura di tale ambiente urbano come se fosse un mental mindscape in cui Trieste rappresenti sia un microcosmo in un contesto europeo che un’indicazione di luoghi concreti all’interno dello stesso spazio urbano.

Gonzalo de Amézola, Carlos Dicroce, María Cristina Garriga et al.

The subject Didactic Planning and Practices of teaching in History is part of the last cycle of Teacher Training in History of the National University of La Plata. Within the framework of the course, educational outings are proposed, among other activities, as an educational activity that enriches the teaching process. These are a methodological strategy that opens the debate around other ways of „inhabiting‟the University and the school to promote pedagogical didactic alternatives that interpellate the established academic and school format and invite future teachers to propose them in their own classes, both in the residence and in their next professional practice. They make it possible to approach how museums and the different urban spaces with their monuments and their brands are vehicles of memory. They do not ensure by themselves the contents to be transmitted nor the meanings with which they will be interpreted, since these depend on the recipients, on the readings and appropriations that they make.The route we propose involves reflecting on the marks of memory and looking with different eyes at the spaces lived and traveled daily. The work develops the shared experiences in the Museum of Natural Sciences of the City of La Plata and the Ethnographic Museum of the City of Buenos Aires.

Ulrich Schädler

For a long time, the significance of the many “wheel patterns” carved in the marbled floors of ancient Roman buildings remained enigmatic. A century ago the interpretation as a game of round “three men’s morris” was launched, an idea that was widely accepted immediately. In the meantime, “round three men’s morris” or “round smaller merels” is often considered the only board game from antiquity whose rules are known, or, given the large number of existing wheel patterns, the most popular board game of the Romans. Recently, several authors have questioned this interpretation. The article aims to provide further arguments for the conclusion, that, indeed, “round three men’s morris” is an invention of archaeologists.

G. Jones, M. Knight, A. Fitzsimmons et al.

Fiona Simpkins

If voting for the Conservative party had become somewhat of a rarity in Scotland since the Thatcher era, the May 2016 Scottish Parliament election ushered in a new era, as it saw the resurgence of the Scottish Conservatives after they obtained a total of 31 seats. A comparative perspective on Labour and Conservative Party attitudes to devolution and post-devolution Scottish politics will shed light on the electoral demise of the former and the rising fortunes of the latter. This article seeks to examine the main unionist parties’ differences in terms of structural and ideological adaptation to devolution within the broad centre-left consensus that characterizes the current Scottish political landscape.

Andrzej Karpiński

Plague gravediggers in Polish towns in the 16th–18th century The article analyzes a group of low functionaries employed during epidemics, frequent in the early modern era, the so-called plague gravediggers. Their task was to transport the bodies of epidemic victims to special cemeteries and bury them in mass graves. The gravediggers came from the lowest urban classes; they wore special clothes to single them out and were relatively well paid for their dangerous job. Depending on the duration of the epidemics the town had to employ from several to about twenty gravediggers. They were deeply despised by urban communities since they often behaved brutally and were suspected of robbing the dead. Furthermore, they were sometimes accused of spreading the disease intentionally, which led to court trials and bloody executions.

K. Brockow, P. Bonadonna

C. Chucholl

Procambarus clarkii is one of the worst invasive and best-studied crayfish species worldwide, but its life history at higher latitudes is poorly understood. In the present study, the population ecology of P. clarkii was studied for the first time within its northeastern range limit in Europe (southern Germany) for a two-year period, and the findings are used to discuss several life-history parameters across different latitudes of its current distribution range. The reproductive cycle was tracked using the gonadosomatic index and reproductive traits in females and the reproductive form in males. Life-history parameters were estimated using Von Bertalanffy’s growth function. Reproduction was univoltine and occurred from late summer to autumn. A small proportion of females carried eggs throughout the winter. This contrasts with the species’ multi-voltine life cycle at lower latitudes, with year-round breeding and several reproduction peaks per year. Growth was estimated to be slower than at lower latitudes, whereas longevity, mean lifetime and size increased. These changes in life history probably reflect a general phenomenon at higher latitudes and, thus, latitudinal clines. The presented findings provide evidence that P. clarkii is able to cope well with new cold habitats by modulating its life history.

Francisco Manuel Pastor Garrigues

The first part of the article tackles the problem that Antonio Maura came up against when he became head of the Spanish government, in late 1903, consisting in concluding the negotiation process on Morocco, under way with France since 1901. It stresses the way that Maura’s colonial ideology followed on in the footsteps of the former con servative leader, Silvela’s approach, as well as the preponderance of issues such as national security in motivating these ideas. The second part explains the appeal made by Maura’s government for aid from Germany, in line with earlier movements of German diplomacy, which had become interested in controlling part of Spanish Morocco, or in gaining compensations in Fernando Po. There is finally an analysis of Berlin’s attempt to exploit Maura’s government in the course of the Spanish-French conversations on the Jerife Empire. | En la primera parte del artículo se aborda el problema que ha de afrontar el estadista Antonio Maura al convertirse en el jefe del gobierno español, a finales de 1903 y consistente en concluir el proceso de negociación sobre Marruecos entablado con Francia desde 1901. Se resalta el carácter continuista del ideario colonial de Maura con respecto al del anterior líder conservador, Silvela, y la preponderancia de cuestiones como la seguridad nacional como motivadoras de dicho ideario. En la segunda parte, se explica la apelación del gobierno maurista a una ayuda por parte de Alemania, en función de movimientos previos de la diplomacia germana que se había interesado por controlar una parte del Marruecos español, o por conseguir compensaciones en Fernando Po. Finalmente se analiza el intento de Berlín de instrumentalizar al gobierno Maura en el curso de las conversaciones hispano-francesas sobre el Imperio jerifiano.

A. Streit, P. Bała, Alexander Beck-Ratzka et al.

A. Petrović, Ralf Tutsch

Faced with one of the most severe financial crises in history, the European and national authorities have introduced a number of short-term measures aimed at stabilising the financial system and avoiding spillover to the wider economy. This legal working paper provides a comprehensive overview of the financial crisis measures introduced by the 27 EU Member States from 1 October 2008 through 1 June 2009. A general overview of the individual Member State’s rescue schemes as well as details on state guarantee schemes, recapitalisation measures, state loans, the acquisition of impaired assets and nationalisation (where applicable) is set out for each Member State. In addition, individual measures with regard to individual banks are included in the country chapters. Appendix I provides an overview of the deposit-guarantee schemes of the Member States in the form of a chart. Relevant European Central Bank opinions and non-consultation letters can be found in Appendix II and Appendix III contains a table summarising the Member States measures.