Hasil untuk "History (General)"

Gloria Chicote

Mi contribución a este Homenaje consiste en efectuar una reflexión sobre la presencia del romancero en la vida académica de Aurelio González. El estudio del romancero atraviesa todas sus líneas de investigación desde distintos lugares de asedio al género: el romancero viejo, el romancero tradicional moderno, el romancero americano. La poética y la gramática del romancero lo preocuparon y ocuparon desde su tesis de doctorado dedicada al estudio de las formas y funciones de los principios en el romancero viejo en 1984, hasta el romancero americano al que dedicó los últimos 20 años de su vida. Asimismo, el estudio de la tradición oral moderna lo tuvo como participante de las grandes encuestas realizadas en España a fines del siglo XX coordinadas por Diego Catalán. Estas páginas constituyen un recorrido a través de los estudios romancísticos de Aurelio González que pone de manifiesto su insoslayable contribución al campo.

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Jonathan Schiff, Tejaswi Venumadhav

Recent cosmological data and astrophysical observations, such as the Hubble tension and the increasing preference from galaxy surveys for dynamical dark energy, have begun to challenge the standard $Λ$-cold dark matter cosmological model. Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) offer a mechanism to alleviate these tensions within the framework of the standard model. These fields source excess small-scale baryon clumping, which can speed up recombination and shrink the comoving sound horizon at the surface of last scattering. Computing the modified recombination history requires coupling the radiative transport of Lyman-$α$ photons to compressible magnetohydronamic simulations. Since doing so is generically computationally intractable, we have developed a linearized treatment which self-consistently computes the modified recombination history in the presence of PMF induced baryon clumping for fields with red-tilted spectra. The clumping factors we find are too small to alleviate outstanding cosmological tensions, but our general framework can be applied to other PMF spectra, and provides a significant theoretical step towards a complete account of recombination in the presence of small-scale baryon clumping.

Jingjing Chen, Hongjie Fang, Chenxi Wang et al.

Many manipulation tasks require memory beyond the current observation, yet most visuomotor policies rely on the Markov assumption and thus struggle with repeated states or long-horizon dependencies. Existing methods attempt to extend observation horizons but remain insufficient for diverse memory requirements. To this end, we propose an object-centric history representation based on point tracking, which abstracts past observations into a compact and structured form that retains only essential task-relevant information. Tracked points are encoded and aggregated at the object level, yielding a compact history representation that can be seamlessly integrated into various visuomotor policies. Our design provides full history-awareness with high computational efficiency, leading to improved overall task performance and decision accuracy. Through extensive evaluations on diverse manipulation tasks, we show that our method addresses multiple facets of memory requirements - such as task stage identification, spatial memorization, and action counting, as well as longer-term demands like continuous and pre-loaded memory - and consistently outperforms both Markovian baselines and prior history-based approaches. Project website: http://tonyfang.net/history

Suryanarayana Sankagiri, Jalal Etesami, Pouria Fatemi et al.

The contextual duelling bandit problem models adaptive recommender systems, where the algorithm presents a set of items to the user, and the user's choice reveals their preference. This setup is well suited for implicit choices users make when navigating a content platform, but does not capture other possible comparison queries. Motivated by the fact that users provide more reliable feedback after consuming items, we propose a new bandit model that can be described as follows. The algorithm recommends one item per time step; after consuming that item, the user is asked to compare it with another item chosen from the user's consumption history. Importantly, in our model, this comparison item can be chosen without incurring any additional regret, potentially leading to better performance. However, the regret analysis is challenging because of the temporal dependency in the user's history. To overcome this challenge, we first show that the algorithm can construct informative queries provided the history is rich, i.e., satisfies a certain diversity condition. We then show that a short initial random exploration phase is sufficient for the algorithm to accumulate a rich history with high probability. This result, proven via matrix concentration bounds, yields $O(\sqrt{T})$ regret guarantees. Additionally, our simulations show that reusing past items for comparisons can lead to significantly lower regret than only comparing between simultaneously recommended items.

Daniel Grimmer

A crucial step in the history of General Relativity was Einstein's adoption of the principle of general covariance which demands a coordinate independent formulation for our spacetime theories. General covariance helps us to disentangle a theory's substantive content from its merely representational artifacts. It is an indispensable tool for a modern understanding of spacetime theories. Motivated by quantum gravity, one may wish to extend these notions to quantum spacetime theories (whatever those are). Relatedly, one might want to extend these notions to discrete spacetime theories (i.e., lattice theories). This paper delivers such an extension with surprising consequences, extending Part 1 (arXiv:2204.02276) to a Lorentzian setting. This discrete analog of general covariance reveals that lattice structure is rather less like a fixed background structure and rather more like a coordinate system, i.e., merely a representational artifact. This discrete analog is built upon a rich analogy between the lattice structures appearing in our discrete spacetime theories and the coordinate systems appearing in our continuum spacetime theories. I argue that properly understood there are no such things as lattice-fundamental theories, rather there are only lattice-representable theories. It is well-noted by the causal set theory community that no theory on a fixed spacetime lattice is Lorentz invariant, however as I will discuss this is ultimately a problem of representational capacity, not of physics. There is no need for the symmetries of our representational tools to latch onto the symmetries of the thing being represented. Nothing prevents us from using Cartesian coordinates to describe rotationally invariant states/dynamics. As this paper shows, the same is true of lattices in a Lorentzian setting: nothing prevents us from defining a perfectly Lorentzian lattice(-representable) theory.

Guangzhao Cheng, Siliang Tang

In many real-world games, such as traders repeatedly bargaining with customers, it is very hard for a single AI trader to make good deals with various customers in a few turns, since customers may adopt different strategies even the strategies they choose are quite simple. In this paper, we model this problem as fast adaptive learning in the finitely repeated games. We believe that past game history plays a vital role in such a learning procedure, and therefore we propose a novel framework (named, F3) to fuse the past and current game history with an Opponent Action Estimator (OAE) module that uses past game history to estimate the opponent's future behaviors. The experiments show that the agent trained by F3 can quickly defeat opponents who adopt unknown new strategies. The F3 trained agent obtains more rewards in a fixed number of turns than the agents that are trained by deep reinforcement learning. Further studies show that the OAE module in F3 contains meta-knowledge that can even be transferred across different games.

Xuezhi Song, Yun Lin, Siang Hwee Ng et al.

Bug datasets consisting of real-world bugs are important artifacts for researchers and programmers, which lay empirical and experimental foundation for various SE/PL research such as fault localization, software testing, and program repair. All known state-of-the-art datasets are constructed manually, which inevitably limits their scalability, representativeness, and the support for the emerging data-driven research. In this work, we propose an approach to automate the process of harvesting replicable regression bugs from the code evolutionary history. We focus on regression bug dataset, as they (1) manifest how a bug is introduced and fixed (as normal bugs), (2) support regression bug analysis, and (3) incorporate a much stronger specification (i.e., the original passing version) for general bug analysis. Technically, we address an information retrieval problem on code evolution history. Given a code repository, we search for regressions where a test can pass a regression-fixing commit, fail a regressioninducing commit, and pass a working commit. In this work, we address the challenges of (1) identifying potential regression-fixing commits from the code evolution history, (2) migrating the test and its code dependencies over the history, and (3) minimizing the compilation overhead during the regression search. We build our tool, RegMiner, which harvested 537 regressions over 66 projects for 3 weeks, created the largest replicable regression dataset within shortest period, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, our empirical study on our regression dataset shows a gap between the popular regression fault localization techniques (e.g, delta-debugging) and the real fix, revealing new data-driven research opportunities.

Dustin Morrill, Amy R. Greenwald, Michael Bowling

We introduce the partially observable history process (POHP) formalism for reinforcement learning. POHP centers around the actions and observations of a single agent and abstracts away the presence of other players without reducing them to stochastic processes. Our formalism provides a streamlined interface for designing algorithms that defy categorization as exclusively single or multi-agent, and for developing theory that applies across these domains. We show how the POHP formalism unifies traditional models including the Markov decision process, the Markov game, the extensive-form game, and their partially observable extensions, without introducing burdensome technical machinery or violating the philosophical underpinnings of reinforcement learning. We illustrate the utility of our formalism by concisely exploring observable sequential rationality, examining some theoretical properties of general immediate regret minimization, and generalizing the extensive-form regret minimization (EFR) algorithm.

Nacional de Colombia, Diseño Y Desarrollo, DE UN Prototipo et al.

Artemis Papatheodorou

From its earliest days, photography was linked to material remains of the past. Western pioneers of the medium were attracted to photographing Ottoman lands, especially the land of the Pharaohs, and the Holy Land. The Ottomans also seized upon photography themselves, turning the lens upon monuments and artefacts within their own Empire. The literature on archaeological photography in the region has focused on European travel photography, and on the upper echelons of state officialdom. This article shifts attention to Ottoman bureaucracy, and to the societal level. It discusses the relationship between photography and the daily tasks associated with the Ottoman administration of antiquities. Additionally, it looks at the ways that an important learned society, the Hellenic Literary Society at Constantinople, used photography. The article treats Ottoman archaeological photography in its own right, largely on the basis of primary material in Ottoman Turkish and Greek. The article argues that photography was a new, technologically advanced medium that - in tandem with other visual reproduction techniques - was instrumental in promoting visions of modernisation. Photography, and other visual media, helped the Ottoman state promote state centralisation and modernisation, while enhancing the Hellenic Literary Society’s civilising mission.

У статті висвітлено організаційно-правові основи становлення в системі охорони здоров’я УСРР 20-х рр. ХХ ст. органів робітничої медицини. У період нової економічної політики означені органи надавали медичні послуги робітникам та службовцям за рахунок коштів медичного страхування. Аналізуючи практичну діяльність органів робітничої медицини із обслуговування застрахованих, автори відзначають ефективність їх роботи, результатом якої було покращення якості наданих медичних послуг.

Julio Calderón Cockburn

El artículo aborda la relación entre la crisis civilizatoria y las crisis urbanas que las ciudades han experimentado en las últimas décadas. En Occidente se pasó de la crisis urbana, ubicada en el sistema económico social y la legitimidad política, a la “desaparición de las ciudades”, en la cual la comunidad ha dejado de estar fundada en la proximidad o la densidad demográfica local. En América Latina, la crisis urbana del siglo XX en Europa y Estados Unidos resulta más bien la situación normal de sus ciudades, y la crisis civilizatoria ha empeorado esta situación, caracterizada por la informalidad y la carencia de viviendas adecuadas.

Meta Virant-Doberlet, Anka Kuhelj, Jernej Polajnar et al.

Due to human perceptional bias in favor of air-borne sounds, substrate-borne vibrational signaling has been traditionally regarded as a highly specialized, inherently short-range and, consequently, a private communication channel, free from eavesdropping by sexual competitors and predators. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge pertinent to the view that most animals live in a rich vibratory world, where vibrational information is available to unintended receivers. In recent years, we realized that vibrational signaling is one of the oldest and taxonomically most widespread forms of communication by mechanical waves and that receptors detecting substrate vibrations are ubiquitous. In nature, substrate vibrations are reliable source of information readily available to all members of the animal community able to detect them. Viewing vibrational communication in more relevant ecological context reveals that animals relying on substrate vibrations live in complex communication networks. Long evolutionary history of this communication channel is reflected in varied and sophisticated predator-prey interactions guided by substrate-borne vibrations. Eavesdropping and exploitation of vibrational signals used in sexual communication have been so far largely neglected; however, existing studies show that generalist arthropod predators can intercept such signals emitted by insects to obtain information about prey availability and use that information when making foraging decisions. Moreover, males which advertise themselves for longer periods than females and with vibrational signals of higher amplitude face higher predation risk. It is likely that eavesdropping and exploitation of vibrational signals are major drivers in the evolution taking place in the vibratory world and we believe that studies of interspecific interactions guided by substrate vibrations will, in the future, offer numerous opportunities to unravel mechanisms that are central to understanding behavior in general.

Manuel Revuelta González

On the 75th birthday of Miscelánea Comillas, this article discusses three of its historical landmarks. Firstly, we remember its origins, in 1943, when the university celebrated its 50th anniversary. As part of the celebrations, the university published a book that included academic articles written by students and faculty. Two years later, this book evolved into a periodical publication offering multi-disciplinary contents. Secondly, the journal is described as a historical mirror of the different faculties connected to it. The last part of the paper analyzes the journal in its role of promoting faculty research, by publishing their articles and reviews, and advertising their scholarly publications.

Alfredo MARTÍN GARCÍA

The aim of this study was to analyse print production in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries in order to elucidate an intentional strategy on the part of the political and religious authorities in the city of León aimed at disseminating an idealised vision of its past, in the context of the development of local history in Early Modern Spain. The religious authorities sought to vindicate the antiquity of the Church in León by portraying it in the distant times of Roman persecution. Meanwhile, the political authorities aimed to consolidate the idea of León as the origin of the Catholic Monarchy, depicting the mediaeval León monarchs as responsible for the future glories of the Crown. These images were propagated not only through the medium of print, but also through the annual calendar of religious and civic holidays.

Dr.Moftah Othman , Dr.Saleh al-Agab, M.Mohamed Al- Touati

As a result of the excavation work carried out by the Turkish company for the purpose of building an additional building beside the central library of the University of Omar al- Mukhtar discovered an archaeological site at a depth of a meter, despite the destruction of machines to the roof of the building and commissioned a team from the Department of Archeology Faculty of Arts and the Department of Antiquities to excavate the site and submit a detailed scientific report . . It was discovered in the excavations that lasted for about a month that the site is the expression of a classical cemetery located within the borders of the town of Balagrae with a burial chamber with three terraces engraved in the rocky ground. It was probably a dating site dating back to the second century BC by a coin and some pottery Use the site to live in later periods after removing the constants and modifying the room.In front of the room there is an open area with the entrance which is descending by two stairs of the stairs and in the yard there is a collection of rainwater in the southwest corner of the courtyard. This cemetery is one of the dominant models in Cyrenaica and a number of similar models have been found in the region. Finally, the team assigned a detailed report required the company to stop work and restore the site and change the location of the additional building of the library.

Michael Piotrowski

Serial sources such as records, registers, and inventories are the ‘classic’ sources for quantitative history. Unstructured, narrative texts such as newspaper articles or reports were out of reach for historical analyses, both for practical reasons — availability, time needed for manual processing — and for methodological reasons: manual coding of texts is notoriously difficult and hampered by low inter-coder reliability. The recent availability of large amounts of digitized sources allows for the application of natural language processing, which has the potential to overcome these problems. However, the automatic evaluation of large amounts of texts — and historical texts in particular — for historical research also brings new challenges. First of all, it requires a source criticism that goes beyond the individual source and also considers the corpus as a whole. It is a well-known problem in corpus linguistics to determine the ‘balancedness’ of a corpus, but when analyzing the content of texts rather than ‘just’ the language, determining the ‘meaningfulness’ of a corpus is even more important. Second, automatic analyses require operationalizable descriptions of the information you are looking for. Third, automatically produced results require interpretation, in particular, when — as in history — the ultimate research question is qualitative, not quantitative. This, finally, poses the question, whether the insights gained could inform formal, i.e., machine-processable, models, which could serve as foundation and stepping stones for further research.

N. Dowling

Constantine E. Anagnostopoulos, Manakavalan J.S. Prabhakar, C. Kittle