Hasil untuk "General works"

Ian Milligan

O Wget é um programa muito útil, que corre no computador através da linha de comandos, para facilitar o acesso a material online.

Rituparna Kaushik, Yashobanta Parida, Ravikiran Naik

Abstract Natural disasters present substantial dangers to both human life and physical infrastructure. Although the human development index (HDI) is recognized for its pivotal role in mitigating mortality resulting from natural disasters, the exact extent of its impact on fatalities remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the relationship between HDI and fatalities resulting from floods and cyclones using panel data for 19 states of India spanning from 1983 to 2011. Employing Fixed Effects Poisson and Negative Binomial estimates, we establish a causal-effect relationship between HDI and disaster-related fatalities. Additionally, we utilize the Instrumental Variable Poisson (IV) model to address the endogeneity between HDI and fatalities. Our empirical findings indicate that states with higher HDI levels experience lower fatalities due to natural disasters. Furthermore, our results underscore the importance of critical policy discussions regarding the role of inequality-adjusted HDI, government responsiveness, and human capital development in disaster risk reduction strategies.

A. A. Kudryavtsev

Introduction. The first half of the XIII century was marked in the history of the peoples of Central Asia, the Near and Middle East and the Caucasus by turbulent events associated with the Mongol invasion, which changed the military, political, economic and cultural development of these regions for many centuries. Materials and Methods. This research was conducted on the basis of a broad interdisciplinary approach and generally accepted historical methods. For the first time In Russian Caucasian studies, a comprehensive study was conducted based on the analysis of medieval Arabic, Georgian, Azerbaijani and Derbent sources. Analysis. One of the most powerful states, among the first to fall under the blows of the Mongols, was the power of the Khorezmshahs. Having conquered China and preparing his expansion to the West, Genghis Khan was very wary of this largest state of the Muslim East, which could field about 400-500 thousand welltrained and well–armed warriors capable of inflicting a decisive defeat, significantly inferior in numbers, to the Mongol troops. The grossest militarypolitical and strategic mistakes of the last ruling ruler of the Khorezmshah state, Ala alDin Muhammad, who placed his huge army in isolation in separate large cities, thereby condemning his troops to defeat and the state to destruction. In just 4 months, the Mongols captured and looted the main military, political, economic and cultural centers of the Khorezmshah state. Jalal al-Din Mankburny, becoming the last ruler of the Khorezmshakh state, tried to regain his father’s former power in the Middle East and the Caucasus and in the 20s – early 30s of the XIII century played a significant role in the historical destinies of the peoples of these regions. For more than 10 years, pursuing an expansive policy and continuously participating in wars, Jalal al-Din in the 20s of the XIII century turned out to be the only really military, military-administrative and political figure capable of resisting the Mongol invasion of the Middle East and the Caucasus regions.Results. Jalal al-Din understood that the weakened states of the Caucasus and the Middle East alone were not able to repel the Mongol forces, which forced the last Khorezm Shah to make efforts to unite the Caucasian and Middle Eastern rulers to repel the Mongol invasion, but he failed to achieve this.

Katarzyna Kaniowska

Jairzinho Lopes Pereira

ZOLOTAIKO OLGA R. / ЗОЛОТАЙКО О.Р., KOSTIUCHENKO ANASTASIIA A. / КОСТЮЧЕНКО А.А.

Every year, the flow of migrants and foreign tourists arriving in South Korea is growing, and the proportion of foreigners appearing in the Korean media is increasing accordingly. However, the acceptance of multiculturalism in Korean society is dilatory since the country has long developed as a monoethnic state. The historical ethnic homogeneity of Korean society contributes to the distortion of how Koreans perceive migrants and foreigners, which is why the image of racial and ethnic minorities is often surrounded by a number of stereotypes that affect the way they are perceived in real life. Existing works on this topic are devoted to the representation of migrants, foreigners, and non-ethnic Koreans in various types of media content, but the ethnic scene of contemporary Korean dramas remains largely unexplored. At the same time, dramas occupy one of the most significant places in the cultural life of the Korean people: they serve as an agent of socialization and as a tool for the formation of values and stereotypes in Korean society. The otherness of ethnic and racial Others is constructed through various strategies of alienation, including depersonification, fragmentation, fetishization, exoticization, pathologization, and homogenization. In this study, we explore the ethnoscape of modern South Korean dramas, highlight such strategies, and identify the main features of the representation of racial and ethnic minorities in them. For these purposes, we analyze the two dramas—Descendants of the Sun (2016) and Itaewon Class (2020)—for the representation of the ethnic and racial Other, and identify the general representation strategies. This work also seeks to detect the dynamics of changes in the representation of ethnic minorities in South Korean media. C каждым годом поток мигрантов и иностранных туристов, прибывающих в Южную Корею, растет, и соответственно увеличивается доля иностранцев, появляющихся в корейских СМИ. Однако принятие ценностей мультикультурализма в обществе происходит постепенно в связи с тем, что страна долгое время развивалась как моноэтническое государство. Историческая этническая однородность корейского общества способствует искажению представления корейцев о мигрантах и иностранцах, из-за чего образ расовых и этнических меньшинств часто окружен рядом стереотипов, влияющих на их восприятие в реальной жизни. Существующие работы по этой теме посвящены изучению репрезентации мигрантов, иностранцев и неэтнических корейцев в различных типах медиаконтента, но этническая сцена современных корейских драм остается в значительной степени неизученной, в то время как драмы занимают одно из важнейших мест в культурной жизни корейского народа, являясь агентом социализации и выступая в качестве инструмента для формирования ценностей и стереотипов в корейском обществе. Конструирование инаковости этнических и расовых Других происходит через различные стратегии отчуждения, среди которых деперсонификация, фрагментация, фетишизация, экзотизация, патологизация и гомогенизация. Это исследование направлено на изучение этнического состава современных южнокорейских драм, выделение таких стратегий, выявление основных особенностей репрезентации в них расовых и этнических меньшинств, а также на отслеживание динамики изменения в репрезентации в медиасфере Южной Кореи. В исследовании были проанализированы две южнокорейские драмы — «Потомки солнца» (2016) и «Итхэвон класс» (2020) — на предмет репрезентации этнического и расового Другого, на их основе были выявлены общие стратегии репрезентации. Выбранные дорамы имеют непосредственную ценность для данного исследования, так как они транслировались на основных корейских телеканалах, KBS и JTBS, и крупном глобальном потоковом сервисе Netflix, а также имели высокий зрительский рейтинг, следовательно, в значительном степени отражали интересы аудитории.

Marina Augusta Tauil Bernardo, Elaine Biondo, Adair Pozzebon et al.

Esta errata se refere à seguinte publicação: BERNARDO, M. A. T. GUARDIÕES DAS SEMENTES DA VIDA NO VALE DO RIO PARDO - RS. Ambiente: Gestão e Desenvolvimento, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 55–62, 2020. DOI: 10.24979/ambiente.v13i2.845. Disponível em: https://periodicos.uerr.edu.br/index.php/ambiente/article/view/845. Acesso em: 24 dez. 2020. O defeito está localizado na identificação dos autores e na descrição de seus respectivos currículos/qualificações. Esta modificação não altera a interpretação dos resultados. A equipe editorial lamenta o erro.

Marc V. Rugani

The prevailing particular historical narratives that established the modern rights system greatly affect the participation, tenor, and limits of rights discourse today, too often ignoring or suppressing voices of those suffering or silenced. This essay is a contribution to the subversion of those histories, adverting to inconsistencies, in particular histories of modern rights, the need to amplify the voices of those suffering on the margins of that history, and the dangerous consequences if we fail to do so. By applying Enrique Dussel’s political philosophy and Gustavo Gutiérrez’s theology of liberation significant contributions can be made toward affirming a fundamental right to protest. The right to protest articulates a right co-foundational with the rights to life, liberty, and property, and this right is well grounded in a Christian account of the dignity of the human person.

Afshin Khosrosani

Historians and scholars have cited many reasons for Sasanian’s defeat by the Arab. In 2008, Parvaneh Pourshariati revived this topic by publishing the book Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian–Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. With an innovative and rare methodology, she presented a new and rare narrative of the fall of the Sasanian. Analyzing written sources and archaeological evidence, Pourshariati acknowledges that the Sasanian kingdom consisted of the Sasanian-Parthian confederacy and by not supporting the Sasanian on behalf of Parthian dynasties, the Arab succeeded to come to an end the Sasanian kingdom. Some of the shortcomings of the book are the acceptance of some narratives and interpretations uncritically, the lack of attention to the final impact of the Sasanian’s war with the Romans and its impact on the decline of this dynasty, the lack of proper analysis of archaeological evidence, and most importantly, little attention to environmental disasters and severe damage to the irrigation system of Mesopotamia at the end of the Sasanian epoch. The following article tries to examine these shortcomings and will evaluate the book in light of the mentioned cases.

Ольга Ляху

1

Lung-Lung Hu

In 1983, Li Ang, a Taiwanese writer, adapted a case about the killing of a husband, committed by Zhan Zhou Shi in Shanghai in 1945, into the novel The Butcher’s Wife (1983). The case is also recorded in The Hearsay in Shanghai (1955) written by Chen Ding-Shan. The Butcher’s Wife depicts a woman who, due to her traumatized childhood and psychological condition caused by her husband and neighbours, kills her husband, a butcher, and dismembers the body the way he does pigs. Li Ang’s novel tries to offer a legal explanation to exonerate the butcher’s wife, Lin Shi, through a plea of insanity. In this article, I will compare the case of Zhan Zhou Shi both in the media and in The Hearsay in Shanghai with The Butcher’s Wife to illustrate Li Ang’s reinterpretation of the case and explain how Li Ang goes beyond the insanity pleas that strengthens a stereotypical image of insane female offenders.

یدالله رفیعی, رعنا عبدی

اختلافات فراوان میان دو‌‌ مکتب نحوی بصره و کوفه باعث‌‌ شد تا برای نحو هم‌‌چون فقه و کلام علمی پدید ‌‌آید و پژوهش‌گر‌‌ان این ‌‌حوزه ازطریق آن استنباط احکام نحوی را دریابند که آن را «أصول‌النحو» یا «علل‌النحو» نامیده‌اند. ابن‌‌سراج ازجمله کسانی است که در کتاب الأصول فی النحو به این‌ ‌علم پرداخته ‌‌است. بسط و تفصیل او در باب‌ها و فصل‌های این کتاب بر ذهن دریابندۀ این‌‌ دانشمند بزرگ دلالت دارد و بیان‌گر آن است که وی حق مطلب را در بیان و باب‌‌بندی علم نحو و تاحدی در علم اصول نحو ادا ‌‌کرده ‌‌است. مقالۀ حاضر با شیوۀ توصیفی ـ تحلیلی روش ابن‌‌سراج را در کتابش بررسی کرده‌‌ است. مهم‌‌ترین یافته‌های این ‌‌پژوهش نمایان‌گر آن است که این‌‌ کتاب نظمی منطقی دارد و ابن‌‌سراج در آن افزون‌بر به‌‌‌دست‌دادن نظرهای نوین، اصول دو مکتب بصری و کوفی را به‌‌گونه‌ای معقول درهم‌آمیخته است. او در بهره‌‌گیری از آثار پیش از خود به تقلید صرف نپرداخته، بلکه پیوسته تلاش‌‌ کرده ‌‌است تا مطلبی نو بر یافته‌های پیشین بیفزاید. اهمیت این ‌‌موضوع در آن است که تاکنون پژوهشی دربارۀ ابن‌‌سراج و کتابش به پارسی مشاهده ‌‌نشده و پژوهش‌گر‌‌ان این ‌‌حوزه در عصر حاضر به علم اصول توجهی نکرده‌اند.

Perla J. Jurado, Ana C. Diaz-Leal, Luis H. Blanco et al.

El presente estudio analizó las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Estilos Atributivos en el área de logros académicos, cuyo objetivo es evaluar los patrones atributivos en el ámbito de los logros académicos adaptado por Jurado, Blanco, Zueck & Peinado (2016) en hombres y mujeres universitarios. La muestra total fue de 1188 participantes; 626 mujeres y 562 hombres, con una edad media de 20.53 ± 1.82 años y 20.83 ± 1.97 años, respectivamente. El análisis psicométrico se realizó en dos etapas: 1) análisis factorial confirmatorio y 2) análisis de invarianza factorial. De acuerdo con los requisitos psicométricos establecidos, la estructura factorial, las cargas factoriales y los interceptos resultaron invariantes en las dos poblaciones; sin embargo,existen diferencias entre las poblaciones para las medias de los factores atribución a la suerte, atribución a la habilidad y atribución al profesor. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que una estructura tetrafactorial (atribución a la suerte, atribución al esfuerzo, atribución a la habilidad y atribución al profesor) es viable y adecuada para ambas poblaciones (mujeres y hombres).

Nelson Alejandro Arellano Escudero

Barbara Greco

El artículo se propone estudiar la construcción de un personaje familiar de la narrativa de Merino, el profesor Eduardo Souto, a partir del análisis de los primeros cuentos en que éste aparece, recopilados en El viajero perdido(1990), con especial atención a su componente humorístico y al quijotismo que lo caracteriza. El trabajo consta de tres apartados. El primero ofrece algunas reflexiones sobre los mecanismos propios del humorismo y de lo fantástico, que permiten establecer algunos elementos comunes entre estas dos categorías literarias. El segundo apartado está dedicado al estudio de «Las palabras del mundo», donde empiezan a emerger los rasgos peculiares dehumor y quijotismo que connotan a este personaje y que se afianzan en «Del libro de Naufragios», sobre cuyo análisis se centra la última sección.

سلام سالم عبد

The water problem was and still is one of the problems around which debate often rages. Rather, water security is one of the most important gaps in national security. All indications confirm that water will be in the coming years one of the most important causes of conflict and conflict between the riparian countries. Iraq, especially fears of major changes in the international situation and the introduction of new ideas and visions such as the new international order, the Greater or New Middle East, globalization and the preemptive war on terrorism, and with all these international changes, we find that many countries have clearly reformulated their water policies

Mukesh Srivastava

This article describes the landscape of Sustainability Curriculum being used across the Association of Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB)–accredited schools in the United States on the basis of a non-probabilistic sample ( n = 119). Using hierarchical cluster analysis, four clusters were obtained based on sustainability-related courses in management, marketing, entrepreneurship, finance, accounting, information systems/information technology, strategy, globalization, communication, and miscellaneous. Cluster 1 had uniform dispersion on sustainability courses in all business courses except marketing. Clusters 2 and 4 were the largest ones with most sustainability courses in the management area, whereas, Cluster 3 had weak, but uniform, dispersion of sustainability courses in most business disciplines. Based on their characteristics and strength of dispersion among 10 business subject areas, these were labeled as Sustainability Prominent, Sustainability Moderate, Sustainability Meek, and Sustainability Quiescent.

J. Dewey, J. McDermott

K. G. Murty

A. M. Geoffrion, R. M. Bride