Son yıllarda dijital platformlar, müzik dinleme alışkanlıklarını önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube gibi platformlar, gençlerin müzik erişimini kolaylaştırarak çeşitli türlerde müzik dinleme imkânı sunmaktadır. Bu araştırma ortaokul öğrencilerinin ilgi duyduğu müzik türleri, bu müzikleri hangi araçlarla tükettikleri ve dinleyici alışkanlıklarını dijital platformlar üzerinden nasıl gerçekleştirdiklerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında Antalya’nın Konyaaltı ilçesinde bulunan özel bir okulun ortaokul kademesinde öğrenim gören 230 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin müzik dinleme alışkanlıklarını tespit etmeyi amaçlayan sorulardan oluşan bir anket uygulanmış olup elde edilen anket verilerinin analizi ise SPSS programında betimsel istatistik yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizleri tablo ve grafikler halinde araştırmanın bulgular bölümünde sunulmuştur.
Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the religious and mythological tradition of the Oirats, which underlies their ethnic worldview. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship of different stages in the structure of archaic myths that appeared after the Oirats adopted the Buddhism. Materials and methods. The main material of the study are samples of the Oirats’ myths of Xinjiang, published in folklore collections and periodicals in “clear writing” in the second half of the last century. The analysis of such samples of oral creativity necessitates the use of not only traditional methods of studying oral literature, but also an interdisciplinary approach that allows us to identify the regular processes that ensures the selection and preservation of certain plots and the stability of the religious and mythological tradition. Results. Historical and cultural ties of the Oirats go deep into the ancient history of the Turco-Mongol peoples of Central Asia. As a result, in their mythology and fairy-tale folklore we can see different layers of archaic myths, ancient religious views and Buddhist mythology. In the content of a number of mythological and fairy-tale plots, in which the intersection of moral and religious principles of Buddhism with oral tradition is observed, the characters are both Buddha himself and other deities of the Buddhist pantheon. Analysis of the texts of Oirat myths shows that the coexistence of the oral artistic system with Buddhist literature led to the natural introduction of the Buddhist view of the world into all aspects of the spiritual life of the Oirat ethnic group, including the structure and content of archaic myths.
History of Asia, Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
The abrupt closing of the web hosting service GeoCities – one of the most popular websites inhabited by users in the 90s – is a well-known example of the importance of web archiving for saving digital cultural heritage. GeoCities’ shutdown is a warning for today’s social media user-generated content that might suffer the same fate. Various web archiving organisations archived and nowadays present GeoCities pages. Olia Lialina and Dragan Espenschied engage with GeoCities’ legacy in their project One Terabyte of Kilobyte Age (2010–ongoing). This paper expands on the archival strategies of the artists and places their practice in the context of web archiving organisations – specifically Archive Team, the Internet Archive, and Restorativland – to understand how an artistic position may open up other ways of engaging with digital cultural heritage. This paper considers the archival practices of the organisations, artists, and users as a network of care, enabling different forms of remembrance. Whereas the archiving organisations preserve and present GeoCities statically, Lialina and Espenschied take a performative archival approach, in which they re-perform the dataset with old and new users. Through circulation and narration, One Terabyte of Kilobyte Age builds on the memories of the artists and users and aims to give the GeoCities heritage back to users. The project invites users to interpret and make meaning of GeoCities and embraces the fluidity of digital culture, whilst embodying the future archival insecurity of commercial platforms.
The author analyses the novel Wakacje nad Adriatykiem (Holiday on the Adriatic, 1970) and an extended interview Królestwo za mgłą (The Kingdom Behind the Mist, 2017) with Zofia Posmysz – a prisoner of Auschwitz, Ravensbrück and Neustadt-Glewe, who stylized her concentration camp memories as a traditional folk tale, thus commemorating the fairy tales told by her camp friend Zofia Jachimczak, who did not survive Auschwitz. The author introduces the concept of a camp fairy tale. In the first part of the article, she analyses the elements of folk fairy tale in Posmysz’s texts (space, time, characters, magical objects). In the second part, the author outlines a definition of a separate prose genre – a camp fairy tale, characterized not only by the adaptation of folk fairy tale motifs to concentration camp realities, but also by the fact that this fairy tale, originally told in the concentration camp, is narrated or written down from memory and recounted to listeners by a former prisoner who gives a testimony of life and death in the camp.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Language and Literature
Based on the written historical, folklore sources and field data, it was attempted to produce a culturological reconstruction explaining the origin of cultural practices and foundations related to the process of metalworking practiced by the Kazakhs. The field data testify of the fact that in the recent past, opening of a new smith, beginning of the operation of a Kazakh smith, and the actual smith reflected magical manipulations and archaic beliefs in industrial rites. The semantic circle of Turkic words defining the notion of a “smith” indicates numerous of cultural layers and changes in the history of metalworking of steppe Eurasia, their desacralization. In the contemporary world, the patron favoring the smiths and jewelers of the Kazakhs, as well as for other Islam peoples of the Central Asia, is Prophet Dā'ūd (Dāwūd) (equivalent in English: David). Fairytale prose, mythology and ritual practices of the Kazakhs feature earlier characters, including forgotten female characters related to the notation of the word “copper” (mys, zhez), master of the underworld Bopy khan, who, perhaps, has even more ancient roots originating from the cult of the Earth Mother. The Turkic ethnogony demonstrates that the ancient Turks originated from the steel workers and horse-breeders. An eloquent testimony of the paleometal era in the traditional worldview of the Kazakhs remains the tales, myths, lexical facts and sacral and ritual practices which have survived until today.
This article focuses on the history and identity of three Bulgarian Christian communities from the second part of 20th c. until today. The article presents the results of ethnographic explorations between 2010 and 2020 carried out on a comparative basis among three Bulgarian Christian denominations in Sofia. The case of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church shows that believers might be desrcibed as ‘believing and belonging, without behaving’ (PRC 2017b). Under the Soviet regime, members of the Bulgarian Catholic Church managed to maintain their religious identity due to their interconfessional links. Their religious identity was strengthened by their witnessing repressed priests, monks and selfless members of the laity. Modern Bulgarian Christians have multiple identities, but prioritize their ethnic identity, followed respectively by their identities as religious in general terms and finally specific confessional identities.
The paper is concerned with a detailed consideration of one of the most well-known and frequently mentioned Slavic pagan deities: Dazhbog (or Daž(d)bog). Historiographic stereotypes full of contradictions and problems have been fixed in research concerned with the deity, for example, defining Dazhbog as the deity of the sun; its proximity to another solar deity (Chors) and vagueness, why are there two solar deities; Dazhbog’s relation to the deity Svarog/Svarozhich; Dazhbog’s belonging only to the East Slavic area; the etymology of his name as a “giving deity”. An alternative view on Dazhbog (overlooked rather than new) that can solve these problems is given in this paper.
The paper examines migrations of Mongolian-speaking groups - Khori-Tumats, Khorchins, Barguts and Daurs - from Eastern Transbaikalia to Manchuria in the 13-17th centuries. In the first half of the 17th century, the Daur people were closely linked with the Manchu, and some Manchu clans could have actually been of Daur origin. The Daurs had been nominally affiliated with the Khorchins from 1634 to 1692, and later were included in the banner system by the Kangxi Emperor. Buryat folklore and chronicles show the Khorchins had originated from Eastern Transbaikalia. Khorchins were a close ally of Manchus, in 1606 they presented Nurhaci his first title of ‘khan’ - Kundulun Khan. Manchus had had a significant influence on the Barguts’ ethnic process. The latter were separated into different groups, many of them being relocated to Mukden where some called them - a ‘Ninth Banner’. The Barguts resettled to Manchurian heartland gradually assimilated into Manchu society and were subsequently sinicized together with the Manchu people. Their descendants remember about their Mongolian origin till nowadays. Manchu chronicles noted some Mongolian origin of the Yehe clan - the leading one within the Hulun Alliance of Manchuria. Sources specified founders of this clan as ‘Tumets’. The paper refutes the opinion according to which the Yehe had been established during the period of Altan Khan’s campaigns. Yehe Bujai Prince (ruled in the 1590s) was a sixth-generation descendant of the Yehe clan’s founder Shingen Darkhan, i.e. the latter had been born approximately in the mid-15th century. South Mongolian Altan Khan was born in 1507, thus, the invasion of the Tumets to Hulun cannot be dated to this time. We consider the theory which identifies Yehe Tumets as Khori-Tumats to be more correct. With reference to manuscript sources, published scholarly works and folklore, the article provides an overview of migrations of significant Mongolic groups from Transbaikalia to present-day Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. It shows that from the 13th to the 17th centuries - driven by different reasons - Khori-Tumats, Khorchins, Barguts and Daurs moved southwards and eastwards deep into the territory of Manchuria, appearing from time to time near the borders of Ming China. The circumstances under which some of the tribes (e.g., Muu-Mingan and Gorlos) got resettled are to be investigated in future, just like the case with the Three Uriankhai Guards that had been under the dominion of the Ming in the 15-16th centuries and bordered upon Jurchen territories. In general, the scale of migrations of Mongolic groups from Transbaikalia (or across Transbaikalia when it comes to Khori-Tumats) to Manchuria is impressive enough. Already by the early period of Nurhaci's activities aimed at uniting the Jurchen tribes, his neighboring areas were inhabited by Mongols of the Hulun alliance. In the north, the Nen River Valley was inhabited by the Khorchin and Gorlos. The Mongolian language ans script were quite wedespread all over the region. The establishment and consolidation of the Manchu Empire resulted in further migrations of other ethnic Mongolian groups - completely or partly originating from Transbaikalia - to Manchuria. The Manchu rulers put an end to the military, political and cultural pressure of Mongols, bringing the migration processes under their control, which in its turn resulted in the Manchu cultural pressure on Mongols. Some minor Mongolic groups were gradually and overwhelmingly assimilated by the Manchu, with separate populations finally cinicized. The research scrutinizes mutual influences between Daurs and Manchus, and suggests that some Daur clans could have formed part of the Manchu population. It notes that the Daurs had been nominally affiliated with the Khorchins for some time, and also mentions ethnic ties of Khorchins with Transbaikalia, including the related claims of Manchus on the territory. Again, special attention is given to supposed Mongolian roots of the Yehe clan.
History (General), Oriental languages and literatures
Poetical project by Sorbian poet Róža Domašcyna fits into the category of „minor literature”, coined by F. Guattari and G. Deleuze in 1975. Despite its inevitably political, ecological and ideological local connotations, it is rooted in the experience of modernity, still unpopular among the contemporary Sorbian writers. Its main topics are: the devastation of Lusatian environment, erotic and cultural hybridity. Domašcyna uses the hybrid nature of Sorbian identity to create an post-modern subject, conscious of the non-transparent nature of language. The result is an original poetry, which suits the current comparative and postcolonial categories of interpretation.
The present paper is dedicated to revealing some stylistic and genre peculiarities characteristic of the opera creations written by composers from Moldova. The author considers it to be necessary to bring out, at the beginning, some important historical events that marked the destiny of culture of the space between the Dniester and the Prut, events that contributed to the foundation of an opera theatre and a national music school. The proceedings of valorising folklore, the utilized musical language and the composition thinking of the opera creations from Moldova are identiied in the article starting with 1924 (on the debut of the first opera) and up to 2004 (the last „word” said in this genre).
In this article the motive of life and death in the poem “Vasily Tyorkin”, ratio of these images and their role in definition of sense of life are considered. Features of Tvardovsky’s poetics in filling of these images are analyzed.
João Teles, Rogério João Lunkes, Roberto Kern Gomes
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as medidas ou os indicadores financeiros
utilizados por hotéis do Sul do Brasil. Para atingir este objetivo, uma pesquisa empírica foi realizada
por meio de questionário aplicado a 23 hotéis na Região Sul. O estudo revela que o principal indicador
financeiro utilizado é o RevPAR, com 52%, Margem de lucro operacional, com 17% e GOP, com 13%, além
de Diária média, Grau de Insolvência, Capital próprio e liquidez e PAX - Receita total por PAX, com 4,5%,
respectivamente. O estudo revela oportunidades para os hotéis utilizarem indicadores como o EBITDA,
ROI e EVA. Como pesquisas futuras, sugerem-se: (i) identificar o perfil dos indicadores não financeiros,
(ii) ampliar a amostra para outros hotéis da região sul e de outras regiões do Brasil, e (iii) desenvolver
estudos de casos sobre avaliação de desempenho para hotéis.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Recreation leadership. Administration of recreation services
The article focuses on certain characteristics of storytelling about childhood, collected using various methods and told in everyday life and in research interviews, and compares and contrasts them with the characteristics of traditional narratives, particularly memorates, as well as fabulates, negative legends and tall tales.