Adaptive management has the potential to make environmental management more democratic through the involvement of different stakeholders. In this article, we examine three case studies at different scales that followed adaptive management processes, critically reflecting upon the role of stakeholder participation in each case. Specifically, we examine at which stages different types of stakeholders can play key roles and the ways that each might be involved. We show that a range of participatory mechanisms can be employed at different stages of the adaptive cycle, and can work together to create conditions for social learning and favorable outcomes for diverse stakeholders. This analysis highlights the need for greater reflection on case study research in order to further refine participatory processes within adaptive management. This should not only address the shortcomings and successes of adaptive management as a form of democratic environmental governance, but should also unpack the links between science, institutions, knowledge, and power.
Michelangelo Mercogliano, Gloria Spatari, Chiara Noviello
et al.
Abstract Introduction Humanitarian crises exacerbate the vulnerability of already fragile healthcare systems and significantly increase the risk of infectious disease outbreaks in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review aims to evaluate strategies and interventions implemented in LMICs to prevent and manage infectious diseases outbreaks during humanitarian crises from 2018 to 2023. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, adhering to the PRISMA guideline and the SPIDER framework to identify relevant studies. The review included studies published between 2018 and 2023 focusing on infectious disease prevention and management in LMICs during humanitarian crises. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results Eleven studies were identified from 1,415 unique articles. These studies addressed diverse interventions, including vaccination campaigns, epidemiologic surveillance, and integrated health services. Cholera outbreaks in Haiti and Mozambique, triggered by gang violence, internal migration, and Cyclone Kenneth, were addressed through epidemiological surveillance, case management, WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) service improvements, and oral vaccination campaigns. Mathematical models guided cholera vaccination in Thailand's refugee camps. In India, surveillance and rapid response measures successfully prevented infectious disease outbreaks during the Kumbh Mela gathering. The Philippines improved response times to climate-related disasters using point-of-care testing and spatial care pathways. Despite challenges in Yemen, evaluating malaria surveillance systems led to recommendations for integrating multiple systems. Uganda developed a national multi-hazard emergency plan incorporating vaccination, communication, and risk management, proving useful during the refugee crisis and Ebola outbreak. In South Sudan, integrating immunisation services into nutrition centres increased vaccination coverage among children. Nigeria experienced a rise in measles cases during armed conflicts despite vaccination efforts, while visual communication strategies improved SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rates. Conclusion These interventions highlight the importance of multimodal, targeted, and collaborative responses to address complex health crises without relying on unsustainable investments. Despite the effectiveness of these interventions, infrastructure limitations, insecurity, and logistical constraints were noted. These findings emphasize the need for adaptable and resilient healthcare systems and international collaboration to safeguard the right to health during complex humanitarian crises.
Wahid Akhsin Budi Nur Sidiq, Tjaturahono Budi Sanjoto, Nasir Nayan
et al.
The coastal areas of Semarang City have experienced land conversion due to development activities that threaten mangrove sustainability in recent years. The urgency of this research is the need to monitor mangrove density levels to be used as input in its management. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in mangrove density levels and the occurrence of abrasion in time series using the Google Earth Engine cloud computing model. The research method used visual interpretation and spectral transformation of NDVI and MNDWI to identify spatial distribution, mangrove density and abrasion. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in mangrove area in 2019-2023 with an area of 111.74 hectares. Furthermore, the level of mangrove density is quite dynamic, especially for high density with a decrease in area from 2019 - 2023 with an area of 260.25 hectares, besides that the decline in high density mangroves also occurred in 2015 - 2023 with a decrease in area of 38.73 hectares. Abrasion in the research location was identified in 2 coastal villages, namely Mangunharjo Village with abrasion along 0.88 km (2015 - 2023) and Tugurejo Village with abrasion along 1.04 km, where both areas also experienced a decrease in mangrove area at a high-density level. In conlusion, there has been a decrease in the area and density of mangroves in the study site, one of which has an impact on abrasion.
ABSTRACTSpatial prediction is essential for obtaining the spatial distribution of geographic variables and selecting appropriate covariates for this process can be challenging, especially for non-expert users. For easing the burden of selecting the appropriate covariates, two case-based reasoning strategies, namely the most-similar-case and covariate-classification strategies, have been proposed for automated covariate selection. The former may suggest nonessential covariates due to its case-level reasoning way. And the latter with covariate-level reasoning may overlook related covariates and recommend fewer covariates than the case-level reasoning. In this study, we propose a new strategy of integrating case-level and covariate-level reasoning to effectively leverage the strengths of both previous strategies while also addressing their limitations. The proposed strategy is validated through a case study of automatically selecting covariates for digital soil mapping under reasoning with a case base containing 189 cases. The leave-one-out evaluation demonstrated that our proposed strategy outperformed the previous two strategies.
Rayees Ahmed, Taha Shamim, Joshal Kumar Bansal
et al.
Climate change poses significant challenges to the Himalayas, a region characterised by its fragile ecosystems and vulnerable communities dependent on environmental resources. Accurate climate data are crucial for understanding regional climatic variations and assessing climate change impacts, particularly in areas with limited observational networks. This study represents a pioneering effort in evaluating climatic fluctuations in the Jhelum basin, located in the North Western Himalayas, by utilising a diverse range of gridded meteorological datasets (APHRODITE, CHIRPS, CRU, and IMDAA) alongside observed climate data from the Indian Meteorological Department. The primary goal is to identify the most effective gridded climate data product for regions with limited data and to explore the potential of combining gridded data sets with observed data to understand climatic variability. Findings indicate a consistent upward trend in temperature across all datasets, with varying rates of increase. CRU records a rise of 1 °C in Tmax and 1.6 °C in Tmin, while APHRODITE shows a Tmean increase of approximately 1 °C. IMDAA reports increases in Tmax and Tmin. Observed mean annual Tmax and Tmin show net increases of 1 °C and 0.6 °C, respectively. Regarding precipitation, all datasets except IMDAA exhibit an increasing trend, contrary to observed data, which decreases from 1266 mm to 1068 mm over 40 years. CHIRPS, CRU, and APHRODITE display increasing trends, while IMDAA aligns closely with observed data but tends to overestimate precipitation by about 30%. Our research identifies IMDAA as the most suitable gridded climate data for the Jhelum basin in the North-western Himalayas. Despite some discrepancies in precipitation trends, IMDAA closely aligns with observed data, providing valuable insights for scholars and policymakers navigating climate data uncertainties in complex environments. Our findings contribute to informed decision-making and effective climate change mitigation strategies in the region.
Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo, Emmanuel Malematja
et al.
Common food sources including meat, fish and vegetables are the main source of fats and fatty acids required by human body. Edible insects such as worms, locusts, termites, crickets and flies have also been identified as a potential source of essential fatty acids since they are highly documented to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic and linoleic acids which are vital for the normal functioning of the body. The approval of insects as edible food by the European Union has sparked research interest in their potential to form part of human and animal diets due to their abundant protein, amino acids, fats, and minerals. However, little attention has been given to the importance and health benefits of lipids and fatty acids present in edible insects consumed by human and animals. This article aims to review the biological significance of essential fatty acids found in edible insects. The accumulation of fats and essential fatty acids present in edible insects were identified and described based on recommended levels required in human diets. Furthermore, the health benefits associated with insect oils as well as different processing techniques that could influence the quality of fats and fatty acid in edible insects were discussed.
Joice Cristini Kuritza, Mariane Kempka, Mauricio Dai Pra
et al.
Neste trabalho, um procedimento metodológico foi desenvolvido para uma tipologia genérica de sistema de bombeamento. Foram avaliadas 96 possibilidades geométricas para esse sistema a partir da combinação de diferentes alturas geométricas, comprimentos e diâmetros. Foram estudados 3 perfis de curva de consumo, com 4 volumes de consumo diário distintos para início e horizonte de projeto. O algoritmo Shuffled Complex Evolution foi empregado para obter a regra de operação otimizada, e a função-objetivo foi formulada para representar os custos de operação somados aos custos de instalação do sistema de bombeamento. Os resultados demonstraram que nem sempre é vantajoso o desligamento do sistema durante o período de ponta, especialmente nos casos de sistemas com elevada perda de carga. São propostos critérios de dimensionamento otimizados para o diâmetro da adutora e a capacidade do reservatório, contribuindo com a promoção da eficiência energética ainda na fase de projeto.
Maryam Tofangchiha, Anita Ebrahimi, Mamak Adel
et al.
Background and aims: Considering the advantages of rotary files in instrumenting the root canals of permanent teeth and a lack of adequate data on the use of these systems in primary teeth, the present study aimed to evaluate two rotary files and compare them with hand files in the cleaning efficacy of the root canals of primary molar teeth. Materials and methods: In the present study, three groups of teeth were prepared with Kedo-S paediatric rotary file system, RaCe (reamer with alternating cutting edges), and hand files (n = 40). The groups were evaluated under a stereomicroscope concerning the cleaning efficacy of the files after cleaning the teeth in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds. The data were analyzed with SPSS 24 (IBM Corporation, USA, 2016) using Fisher’s exact test and chi-squared test; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in the apical and middle thirds between the different study groups. However, there were significant differences in the coronal third between the hand file and Kedo-S (p = 0.016) and RaCe and Kedo-S (p = 0.001) groups. Conclusions: The present study showed that Kedo-S files were more effective than RaCe and hand files in the coronal area than the hand and RaCe files.
Imadabathuni Chandana, Sri Vardhan Goud Padala, Ravi Kiran Nalla
et al.
Water tank is a water storage structured built for long term use. These tanks were utilized for various uses like distribution of water, firefighting, agriculture, food industry, paper mills etc. It comes in handy when there is an intermittent supply of water or scarcity of water. Materials like concrete, pvc Galvanized Iron, fibre is used to manufacture tanks. Water is pumped through pipe by using pumps from a source. For distribution purpose water can be distributed either gravity or pump to reach individual with desired pressure and velocity. Volume is calculated based upon population and their usage and demand. Water demand varies hour to hour. For a continues supply water tanks are best suited. To meet water demand by public water tanks are to be constructed. Design and analysis are similar for any liquid present in water tank but is should be crack free to avoid leakage
Cristian Romero, Andrea Cisneros-Medina, Darwin Condoy-Guiracocha
et al.
El estudio de patrones de sedimentación fluvial (PSF) permite analizar el comportamiento tectónico y climático en una determinada región, además entender cómo los ríos modifican el relieve. Los PSF pueden ser estudiados a partir del análisis del registro estratigráfico de sus depósitos. En los Andes del norte, los PSF interactúan con tasas de erosión y generación de detrito disponible para la sedimentación. En el sur, del levantamiento subandino ecuatoriano, la cuenca del río Yunganza es una cuenca fluvial confinada, alimentadora del río Santiago y ofrece la posibilidad de estudiar los PSF de esta región. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar el análisis del registro estratigráfico de terrazas aluviales antiguas (TA-1 y TA-2) y depósitos aluviales modernos (DA), en la cuenca alta del río Yunganza, en el sector El Rosario, con el fin de definir PSF. Esta investigación es soportada por la documentación del registro litológico, las estructuras sedimentarias, la arquitectura estratigráfica, la medición de espesores y paleocorrientes. De esta manera, 7 facies son descritas: LT-1 y LT-2 describen a conglomerados asociados a flujos de escombros distales, mientras que LT-3 describe litologías de conglomerados y brechas asociadas a flujos de escombros proximales. LT-4, LT-5 y LT-6 describen litologías arenosas vinculadas genéticamente a macroformas de barras y canales fluviales; LT-7 describe litologías limosas que se asocian a planicies de inundación. Datos de paleocorrientes indican que: TA-1 presenta una dirección de flujo N-NE, mientras que TA-2 indican una dirección de transporte de sedimento hacia el N. La composición modal en TA-1 indica una procedencia detrítica de un bloque sedimentario rico en cuarzo, mientras que TA-2 indica un periodo de reciclaje de TA-1. La medición de espesores en TA-1 y TA-2 indica un periodo erosivo en TA-1. Finalmente, los patrones de sedimentación en el río Yunganza están vinculados genéticamente a periodos de exhumación del flanco oeste del río.
Intimate fungal-bacterial interactions are widespread in nature. However the main drivers for the selection of hyphae-associated bacterial communities and their functional traits in soil systems remain elusive. In the present study, baiting microcosms were used to recover hyphae-associated bacteria from two Penicillium species with different phosphorus-solubilizing capacities in five types of soils. Based on amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, the composition of bacterial communities associated with Penicillium hyphae differed significantly from the soil communities, showing a lower diversity and less variation in taxonomic structure. Furthermore, soil origin had a significant effect on hyphae-associated community composition, whereas the two fungal species used in this study had no significant overall impact on bacterial community structure, despite their different capacities to solubilize phosphorus. However, discriminative taxa and specific OTUs were enriched in hyphae-associated communities of individual Penicillium species indicating that each hyphosphere represented a unique niche for bacterial colonization. Additionally, an increased potential of phosphorus cycling was found in hyphae-associated communities, especially for the gene phnK involved in phosphonate degradation. Altogether, it was established that the two Penicillium hyphae represent unique niches in which microbiome assemblage and phosphorus cycling potential are mainly driven by soil origin, with less impact made by fungal identity with a divergent capacity to utilize phosphorus.
Tisnasendjaja Achmad Ruchlihadiana, Abidin Hasanuddin Z., Sarsito Dina A.
et al.
Bandung-Jakarta, Indonesia highway have high density vehicles pass even often jammed. High activity of vehicles cause repeated vibrations and occur continuously. In case, the highway that divides the hills. The passing vehicles give rise repeatedly vibration and indicated disturbance of hillside slope stability. Vehicles vibration depend on speed, weight, number of vehicles and road construction materials. A method in question is counting a vehicle volume and determine the volume pattern of the vehicle. The magnitude of vibration is function of the object distance from the sources. The magnitude of the vibration effect is very dependent on the geological structure of hills formation. Hilly slope stability indicates experiencing interference if the object or material slope changes position or displacement. GPS observation give position changes and its displacement. The effect of Toll road vibration to slope stability is known by GPS and Vibration simultaneous measurement. Data acquisition used six unit GPS receivers and six unit vibration sensor which is installed on the hillside beside the highway. Integrated data processing techniques using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Integrated GPS-Vibration data are implemented to find actual displacement which are caused by highway vibration.
In this paper, the dynamics of a discrete-time predator-prey system with Crowley-Martin functional response is examined. Via application of the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theorems, we algebraically show that the system undergoes a bifurcation (flip or Neimark-Sacker) in the interior of R2+. Numerical simulations are presented not only to validate analytical results but also to reveal new dynamical behaviors which include bifurcations, phase portraits, period- 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 21, 28, and period- 51 orbits, invariant closed cycle, sudden disappearance of chaotic dynamics and abrupt emergence of chaos, and attracting chaotic sets. Furthermore, maximum Lyapunov exponents and fractal dimension are computed numerically to justify the chaotic behaviors of the system. Finally, we apply a strategy of feedback control to control chaos exists in the system.
Most state-of-the-art large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems employ context dependent (CD) phone units, however, the CD phone units are not efficient in capturing long-term spectral dependencies of tone in most tone languages. The Standard Yorùbá (SY) is a language composed of syllable with tones and requires different method for the acoustic modeling. In this paper, a context dependent tone acoustic model was developed. Tone unit is assumed as syllables, amplitude magnified difference function (AMDF) was used to derive the utterance wide F contour, followed by automatic syllabification and tri-syllable forced alignment with speech phonetization alignment and syllabification SPPAS tool. For classification of the context dependent (CD) tone, slope and intercept of F values were extracted from each segmented unit. Supervised clustering scheme was utilized to partition CD tri-tone based on category and normalized based on some statistics to derive the acoustic feature vectors. Multi-class support vector machine (MSVM) was used for tri-tone training. From the experimental results, it was observed that the word recognition accuracy obtained from the MSVM tri-tone system based on dynamic programming tone embedded features was comparable with phone features. A best parameter tuning was obtained for 10-fold cross validation and overall accuracy was 97.5678%. In term of word error rate (WER), the MSVM CD tri-tone system outperforms the hidden Markov model tri-phone system with WER of 44.47%.
Keywords: Syllabification, Standard Yorùbá, Context Dependent Tone, Tri-tone Recognition
Hung Manh Le, Jessica R. P. Sutton, Duong Du Bui
et al.
As the limitation of rainfall collection by ground measurement has been widely recognized, satellite-based rainfall estimate is a promising high-resolution alternative in both time and space. This study is aimed at exploring the capacity of the satellite-based rainfall product Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), including 3B42V7 research data and its real-time 3B42RT data, by comparing them against data from 29 ground observation stations over the lower part of the Red–Thai Binh River Basin from March 2000 to December 2016. Various statistical metrics were applied to evaluate the TMPA products. The results showed that both 3B42V7 and 3B42RT had weak relationships with daily observations, but 3B42V7 data had strong agreement on the monthly scale compared to 3B42RT. Seasonal analysis showed that 3B42V7 and 3B42RT underestimated rainfall during the dry season and overestimated rainfall during the wet season, with high bias observed for 3B42RT. In addition, detection metrics demonstrated that TMPA products could detect rainfall events in the wet season much better than in the dry season. When rainfall intensity was analyzed, both 3B42V7 and 3B42RT overestimated the no rainfall event during the dry season but underestimated these events during the wet season. Finally, based on the moderate correlation between climatology–topography characteristics and correction factors of linear-scaling (LS) approach, a set of multiple linear models was developed to reduce the error between TMPA products and the observations. The results showed that climatology–topography-based linear-scaling approach (CTLS) significantly reduced the percentage bias (PBIAS) score and moderately improved the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) score. The finding of this paper gives an overview of the capacity of TMPA products in the lower part of the Red–Thai Binh River Basin regarding water resource applications and provides a simple bias correction that can be used to improve the correctness of TMPA products.
Mudin D Kamarudin D, How Siew Eng, Rahman Md Mizanur
et al.
Industrial Revolution 4.0 or IR 4.0 is getting the attention of Higher Learning Institutions throughout the world. In the case of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), “transformation towards University/Industry 4.0” has been identified as one of the nine key result areas (KRAs) in the Strategic Plan 2018-2020. The transformation framework focusses on three areas namely Teaching and Learning 4.0, Smart Eco-UMS 4.0 and Research 4.0. Various initiatives have been planned for each area, some of which are currently being implemented. Previously, under the Strategic Plan 2013-2017, UMS gave great attention on developing and promoting UMS as an eco-campus in line with UMS aspiration to be the reference of eco-campus or green campus in the region. This will be further enhanced under Smart Eco-UMS 4.0 in line with the United Nation sustainable development goals. One of the related initiatives is Smart Energy. Through the initiatives under the UMS Ecocampus Plan 2013-2017, a total reduction of 44.50 % in energy consumption was recorded between 2014-2017 compared to 2013 and with 29 % reduction in carbon footprint from 2014-2017. The commitment towards an ecocampus has significant impacts on lowering energy usage and reducing carbon footprint. We believe that the smart energy initiative will further contribute to another level of energy saving and carbon footprint reduction towards reducing the impacts of climate change.