Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Małgorzata Janicka, Artur Sajnóg

The aim of our study is twofold: to determine the quality of environmental information published by companies listed in developing EU markets (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Poland, and Romania) and to assess the impact of this reporting on their market value. The research period covers 21 years, from 2003 to 2023. To test the quality of environmental reporting, we used the LSEG database. To assess the impact of environmental data disclosure on companies’ market value, we used the modified Ohlson Valuation Model. We apply a technique that makes it possible to assess whether environmental reporting has had a significant impact on companies’ market value. Contrary to our expectations, the quality of environmental information disclosed by companies was and is definitely unsatisfactory despite the non-financial reporting obligation. Nonetheless, the research showed a positive relationship between environmental reporting after the implementation of the directive on non-financial reporting in 2017 and their market value.

Anna Zgrzywa-Ziemak, Anna Motylska-Kuźma, Adam Wasilewski

The study develops a multi-dimensional framework for sustainable business models (SBM) and develops an empirically validated measurement scale. A systematic literature review revealed the lack of a universally accepted SBM concept, with fundamental theoretical differences between existing conceptualisations and limited empirical verification. Most studies identify SBM types, whereas we propose that sustainability is an inherent, gradable attribute of every business model. The SBM conceptualisation, based on an extensive literature review, led to a hypothetical model, verified through empirical research involving 694 companies from Poland and Denmark via confirmatory factor analysis. Despite differences in sustainability approaches in these countries, SBM consistently encompasses three dimensions: sustainable value proposition, creation and delivery; sustainable value capture, and governance for sustainability. The paper advances the state of the art by reframing sustainability as a continuous maturity attribute embedded in any business model, thereby moving beyond the prevailing typology-based approaches in current research. It also provides a validated measurement scale that offers a robust foundation for future SBM research, while enabling companies to assess the sustainability maturity of their business model, benchmark within their industry, and design more effective development strategies.

Agnieszka Ziomek, Joanna Furmańczyk

Behaviours toward sustainable consumption periodic activities that improve the quality of life and improve relations with the environment. The aim of the study is to identify similarities and differences in employees’ behaviours according to the form of fully remote and hybrid work. The final data was collected through a survey of 360 respondents working remotely or hybrid. Hypotheses were tested using factor analysis. Four different behavioural areas were identified and analysed: eating and shopping habits, media and product consumption. Results indicate that remote workers more often than hybrids avoid shopping centres, refrain from purchasing ICT equipment and make a shopping list. Hybrid workers purchase food from local producers. The similarities between the worker groups are in the selection and consumption of food, with some exceptions. The control variable gender showed the greater involvement of women in sustainable consumption compared to men. The study suggests that managers and decision-makers should adopt strategies for strengthening employee attitudes toward implementing sustainable consumption in the workplace to enhance awareness and change worker’s habits.

Anna Olszańska, Anna Sylwia Kowalska, Joanna Szymańska et al.

After joining the European Union, the market economy continued to drive structural changes in meat production and processing. Unfortunately, the functioning of meat markets was impacted by several threats with significant adverse influence. Phenomena such as the spread of ASF disease, the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union or the Covid-19 epidemic added instability to the already cyclical pork market. The study aims to evaluate the functioning of Poland’s pork market and to identify the main trend in this market. Livestock and pork meat production in Poland form a significant economic sector; however, it creates considerable environmental challenges. The study focuses on key aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, feed consumption, and waste management. The study covers the years 2004-2021, i.e., the period of seventeen years after Poland's accession to the European Union. The statistical data analysis methods showed four to three-year cycles in pork live stock with a decreasing amplitude over time and high and relatively stable domestic demand for pork. This provides a favourable foundation for future production direction. However, the systematic changes in the structure of meat consumption and price development led to a steady increase in the share of poultry meat at the expense of pork and bovine during the observed year span.

Dorota Gawryluk, Izabela Biała, Magda Gawrychowska

Green areas of university campuses are an important resource for them, performing a variety of functions important for the functioning of the university, the well-being of the academic community, the environment and the green system of the city. The purpose of this study was to determine the preferences of the academic community, with particular emphasis on students, as to the functionality that campus green spaces should fulfil today. The methodology of the research work included a diagnostic survey method, the technique of which was surveying, and the tool was a survey questionnaire. Analysis of the results of a survey conducted among students at the Bialystok University of Technology (Bialystok, Poland) made it possible to determine the needs and expectations regarding the development of campus green areas. The concept of pocket gardens accommodates responses and solutions to students' expectations. The analysis of the student community's opinions served to implement the tasks of the "My Green Polytechnic" strategy conducted on the Bialystok University of Technology campus. The results of the survey and the experience of its implementation can be useful to various institutions in making decisions on green space management.

Darío Bernal-Casasola, Miguel Ángel Cau-Ontivero, Carlos De Juan Fuertes et al.

Un inesperado hallazgo en la playa de Palma en Mallorca en 2019 ha permitido la localización, excavación y estudio arqueológico y arqueométrico, aún en curso, de un pecio en un excepcional estado de conservación, fechado en momentos muy avanzados del siglo IV d. C. Se corresponde con una pequeña embarcación (13 x 5 m circa) con un cargamento mixto de aceite, vino y salsas fermentadas de pescado (liquamen) procedente, aparentemente, del entorno de Carthago Spartaria (Cartagena), según parece sugerir el estudio petrográfico de las ánforas. Se han recuperado unas 300 ánforas, muchas de ellas intactas y con restos de sus paleocontenidos originales, con los opercula aún in situ y con sus inscripciones pintadas (unos 80 tituli picti, el corpus más numeroso conocido hasta la fecha en un pecio del Mediterráneo), incluyendo una marca nominal junto al monograma constantiniano (crismón) sobre la argamasa utilizada para sellar los tapones. Tipológicamente, se corresponden con cinco tipos anfóricos totalmente desconocidos hasta la fecha (denominados Ses Fontanelles I, II, III, IV y V), además de las Almagro 51c y las Matagallares I, lo cual ha supuesto un revulsivo muy interesante para revalorizar la investigación arqueológica sobre la economía y el tráfico marítimo de la Cartaginense en estos momentos aún mal conocidos de época tardorromana.

Ekonomia i Środowisko - Economics and Environment

Summaries in Polish

Stanisław Czaja, Małgorzata Rutkowska

The paper presents the results of a study on how global climate change is reflected in local development strategies. The study included 173 Lower Silesian municipalities and is one of those rarely undertaken in the Polish literature. They were based on original studies of local development strategies carried out between 2016 and 2022, as well as interviews with those responsible for preparing and updating these documents. The research covered 250 local development strategies developed for 173 Lower Silesian municipalities (existing and updated).   The authors briefly discussed the importance of development strategies in the functioning of municipalities and local communities. The main formal and substantive mistakes made in such documents are also presented. The main element of the presentation was the ways (forms) and the extent to which global climate change is reflected in municipal development strategies. The study has confirmed the main hypothesis that global climate change is insufficiently addressed at the local level in the analysed municipalities. 

Marek Zieliński, Jan Jadczyszyn

The study aims to identify and characterise the organisational and economic features of agriculture in Poland in areas (communes) with different saturation of agriculture from High Nature Value farmlands (HNVf areas) with exceptionally high natural value. It is also important to determine whether the potential changes in agriculture in communes with a particularly large share of them do not harm the natural environment and limit the possibility of providing society with public goods. The delimitation of the three scenarios of HNVf areas was designated in the country at the request of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2018. HNVf areas of moderate, high, and exceptionally high natural value were designated. To achieve the purpose of the study, data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA) for 2016 and 2021 and data from the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for 2018-2020 was obtained. It was established that in Poland, the share of HNVf areas currently ranges from 12.5 (exceptionally high natural value) to 27.1% (moderate-high nature value) of the total UAA. Compared to other areas, HNVf areas with exceptionally high natural value are characterised by agriculture with a high level of extensive production. Farms from these areas obtain, e.g. lower total costs incurred per 1 ha of UAA, often lower productivity of production factors and lower income per 1 ha of UAA.

Dian Handayani, Wavin Nuha Kuntanaka, Abdul Rahman

This study aims to identify the policy of Main Naval Base VIII (Lantamal VIII) Manado to handle transnational crimes in the Manado sea border, North Sulawesi. It is implemented in order to support Indonesia's maritime security which contains communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study. Data collection using interviews and documentation while examining the data’s validity using triangulation. The argument of this study is the communication made by Lantamal VIII Manado which represents the relation of Indonesia and the Philippines, while coordination between the competent agencies in the waters of North Sulawesi requires good synergy. Nevertheless, there are several problems encountered by Lantamal VIII Manado, namely the lack of personnel and defence equipment. The disposition aspect has been going well according to the command mechanism. In addition, from the bureaucratic structure, Lantamal VIII Manado has a clear division of regional work.

Bartosz Jawecki, Marcin Sobota, Ewa Burszta-Adamiak

In article was analyzed procedure of determining fees for water services connected with discharging rain water and snow water to water, as a result of the new Water Law, which came into force on the 1st of January 2018. First of all, authors compare the scope of water law permits – connected with the aforementioned matter – issued under the Water Law of 2001 (currently not in force) to those issued under the new Water Law of 2017 (currently in force since the 1st of January 2018). Authors indicate that – within the new Water Law – water law permit issued before the 31st of December 2017 is the fundamental source of information related to determining fees for discharging rain water and snow water to water. Such situation can lead to interpretational doubts of legal provisions related to the aforementioned matter. Results of the analysis conducted by the authors of this paper indicate crucial differences within amounts of fees for discharging rain water and snow water, paid by the obliged entities. Such differences result from the method of determining certain amounts of fees and also from the interpretation of the new Water Law and implementing regulations.

Editor Drassana

La tradició del consum d’aliments que proporciona el mar, així com l’ús social que se’n fa, poden ser molt diferents d’uns grups socials a uns altres, i respon a moltes variables. Aquests comportaments diversos formen part de la tradició gastronòmica i sociocultural de cada grup humà i, per tant, formen part, alhora, del seu patrimoni immaterial.

Małgorzata Polna

The article deals with regional differences in the use of the EU funds allocated to pro-ecological measures in Poland. The research covers support for land management in mountain areas and other less-favoured areas (LFAs), agri-environmental programme, afforestation of agricultural and non-agricultural land implemented under the 2007-2013 Rural Development Programme. The analysis was made by voivodeships on the basis of data from the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture and Statistics Poland. Ward’s method was used for the division of voivodeships into groups with similar intensity of absorption of funds from pro-ecological measures. Three groups of voivodeships, most similar internally and with the largest differences between them were selected. It has been stated that the highest level of use of RDP funds concerned the voivodeships of northern and western Poland, while their lowest use was in the voivodeships of the south-eastern part of the country and in Łódź.

Barbara Pawłowska

Economy is subject to constant change, and business models and strategies of enterprises often become obsolete before they are implemented. Such circumstances of the modern world force entrepreneurs to use creative thinking and non-standard solutions. Change is present in almost all business areas – starting from production, through distribution, marketing and sales, to operational management. It is a commonly accepted permanent standard of the current times. The contemporary course of socio-economic development on the international arena is outlined by Agenda 2030, adopted in 2015, where the core is the idea of sustainable development. One of the tools for implementing sustainable development is the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The aim of the article is to identify the benefits of incorporating CSR strategies into the business model of transport sector companies – from visions and missions, through strategic objectives, policies and programmes, and ending with procedures. It is supposed to improve efficiency and bring stable results, which will become a source of competitive advantage in the transport sector.

Jadwiga Zaród

The goal of this work is to valuate ecosystem benefi ts on the example of an average farm in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodship. Based on the Central Statistical Offi ce’s data on agriculture in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodship,  two multicriteria optimization models have been constructed. The fi rst model related to a farm dealing  only in plant cultivation. The second model described a farm with livestock. In both of them, production  was based on the principles of sustainable development. Their extensive activity contributes to an  increase in benefi ts of agroecosystems.

Edyta Pawluczuk

Cement production is a very energy-intensive process which is responsible for around 5-8% of global carbon dioxide emission caused by human activity. Thus, replacing it with other materials is very benefi cial for the environment. The paper presents the research on the use of a waste concrete fi nes which partially replaced cement in concretes. The fi nes was obtained in the thermal and mechanical treatment of concrete rubble. Then the research experiment considered the impact of two factors on selected physical and mechanical properties of the fi ne-grained concretes. These factors included: contents of the recycled fi nes (10, 20, 30% of cement’s mass) and its grinding time (0, 30, 60 min). The results confi rmed that the right technology enables the recycled fi nes to substitute 20% of the cement’s weight. Such activity allows energy saving compared to clinker and will also cover part of the ever-increasing cement demand – while protecting raw material.

Marta Sylla

STRESZCZENIE: Usługi ekosystemów przyczyniają się do podnoszenia jakości życia mieszkańców miast i obszarów suburbialnych, co sprawia, że ich kwantyfikacja i przestrzenne rozmieszczenie jest istotne z punktu widzenia planowania przestrzennego. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki kartowania potencjału dostarczania dwóch wybranych usług ekosystemów dla skali sub-regionalnej na przykładzie miasta Wrocławia i gmin ościennych. Badanie dotyczy usług ekosystemów zaopatrujących (dostarczanie pożywienia) oraz regulacyjnych (regulacja klimatu globalnego poprzez zmniejszenie koncentracji gazów cieplarnianych).

Ewa Roszkowska, Marzena Filipowicz-Chomko

The aim of this study was to estimate regional differentiation of social development of Polish voivodeships between 2005 and 2013 in the context of sustainable development. In the present study social differentiation of the regions was assessed by means of a synthetic measure TOPSIS with common development factor. The study uses the data of Central Statistical Offi ce of Poland (GUS).

Xosé Manuel Suárez