Hasil untuk "Dentistry"

Aiko Nagae MPH, Lydia See DCD, Alice Lu BDSc et al.

Regional Australians experience poorer oral health compared to urban populations, with higher rates of tooth decay and gum disease. The National Oral Health Plan 2015–2024 addresses these challenges through dental outreach programs in isolated areas. While studies have clinical outcomes, the stakeholders’ experiences remain understudied. As such, this study aimed to explore stakeholders’ experiences of a 17-year-long-term annual dental outreach program in a regional Australian community. A total of 35 interviews were conducted. Findings from the thematic analysis showed that this outreach has improved the community's oral health outcomes and overall well-being. There were general sentiments about the project's positive impact beyond oral health, including boosting community morale and strengthening partnerships with local practitioners. Volunteers gained new perspectives that enhanced their personal and professional growth. Findings also suggested the need for interventions directed at preventative care and integrating other health screening and promotion activities, aiming to optimise outreach opportunities to address health disparities in resource-constrained areas.

Nicola De Robertis

Ahmad Faisal Ismail, Nur Haffiszah Adnan, Nur Nadiatul Sofia Suhaidi et al.

Aim: This study aimed to validate the accuracy of dental age (DA) based on the dental development of permanent teeth in children with special needs using Demirjian, Willems, and London Atlas methods and to correlate the dental and chronological age (CA) of children with special needs in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: The panoramic radiographic images belonging to children with special needs from the two teaching dental hospitals in Malaysia aged between 5 and 16 years were included in the study. The evaluation was performed by two observers using three methods (London Atlas, Demirjian, and Willems methods) to estimate the accurate DA. The outcome was determined by comparing the mean of the DA and CA. Results: A total of 52 panoramic radiographs were available for the analysis. The London Atlas and Demirjian methods overestimated the DA with a mean of 0.05 and 0.20 years, respectively, while the Willems method underestimated by 0.19 years. The London Atlas method was highly precise and accurate, while Demirjian and Willems methods were the least precise and accurate. Conclusion: The London Atlas method of DA estimation is highly accurate and valid for children with special needs in the Malaysian population, followed by the Willems and Demirjian methods.

Su-Yun Park, Kwang-Min Kim, Yu-Jin Kim et al.

Background/purpose: No consensus has been established regarding the exact amount of bone grafting in maxillary sinus augmentation. The aim of this study was to estimate the minimum bone volume for sinus augmentation and to investigate the factors that influence the augmentation volume (AV). Materials and methods: This study included patients with cone-beam computed tomography scanning. Dome-shaped sinus augmentation was performed virtually at vertical heights (VH) of 3, 5, 7, and 9 mm in Group A (without implantation) and Group B (with implantation). The augmentation angle (AA) and the sinus width (SW) were measured. The AV was measured using the three-dimensional image processing program 3D Slicer. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted. Results: This study included 30 patients (120 subjects). In Group A, the mean AVs were 0.062, 0.271, 0.642, and 1.287 cc at VHs of 3, 5, 7, and 9 mm, respectively, in Group B, the mean AVs were 0.037, 0.230, 0.594, and 1.230 cc. Univariable analysis indicated that factors significantly associated with the AV in both groups included SW, AA, and VH (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis indicated that factors significantly associated with the AV in both groups included AA and VH (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Clinicians can predict the bone volume for sinus augmentation by measuring the augmentation height and angle.

Mehrdad Shahraki, Mahdi Kalantari, Sadra Amirpour Haradasht et al.

Background: Medical emergencies may occur before, during, or after dental treatment and range from relatively benign events to life‑threatening conditions. This study used an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to assess senior dental students’ competence in managing medical emergencies. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sixty senior dental students at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences were assessed during the 2023–2024 academic year. Data were collected at OSCE stations using a two-part questionnaire and the required equipment. Part 1 recorded demographic characteristics (age, gender, grade point average [GPA], place of residence, and prior attendance at cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] or basic life support [BLS] courses). Part 2 comprised author-developed items to evaluate competence in managing medical emergencies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Based on their performance, students were categorized into three groups: good (scores above nine), fair (scores between five and nine), and poor (scores below five). Overall, 27 students (45%) were rated as poor, 18 (30%) as fair, and 15 (25%) as good. Performance was significantly associated with academic standing (p = 0.039) and prior attendance at CPR/BLS courses (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Senior dental students demonstrated limited knowledge and skills in managing medical emergencies. Additional basic life support training may improve preparedness among dental students and practicing dentists for life-threatening events in dental settings.

Sarah Velita Siboro, Netty Suryanti, Fidya Meditia Putri

ABSTRACT Introduction: The long-standing COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in the implementation of service restrictions and the emergence of patients' fear of coming to health facilities, which could have caused changes in patient visit trends. The aim was to determine trends in the number of visits, demographic characteristics and patient diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: the descriptive and population research used secondary data from medical records of new visiting patients and existing patients at the general dental clinic, pavilion clinic, and emergency ward at the Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital (RSGM UNPAD) from April 2019 to March 2021. Sample for number of patient visits before and during the pandemic, the total sampling was 12,714 and the characteristics and diagnosis of patients during the pandemic were 3,625 medical records, while non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling was used. Univariate analysis used frequency distribution, line charts, bar charts. Result: The number of patient visits at RSGM UNPAD during the pandemic decreased by around 60% (from 9,089 to 3,625 visits) compared to before the pandemic. The patient demographics during the pandemic at RSGM and at its three polyclinics were relatively the same: adults (26-45 years), female, domiciled in the city of Bandung, private employees, Moslem, Sundanese, unmarried, and past patient status.The most common diagnosis at RSGM was pulpitis 914 (61%); in general dental polyclinic was pulpitis 751 (33%); in the pavilion clinic was malocclusion 428 (32%) and in the emergency ward was pulpitis, necrosis of pulp and impacted each 4 (16%). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, patient visits to the dental hospital decreased more than half, the demographic characteristics of the three polyclinics were relatively the same and the most common patient diagnosis was pulpitis. KEYWORDS : Demographics; dental hospital; oral diagnosis; the COVID-19 pandemic; trend of patient visits

Tri Nugrahaeni Putri, Ratna Indriyanti, Arlette Suzy Setiawan

IntroductionStunting is a condition of malnutrition in children from the womb to the early life stage that causes growth failure in the body and brain. Stunting influences the development and integrity of the oral cavity and increases the risk of developing diseases in the oral cavity, such as dental caries. The growth barriers in stunting children and parental knowledge can affect maintaining oral hygiene. This study aims to determine the description of oral hygiene practice and caries increment in children with growth stunting.MethodsThis type of research is a quantitative descriptive with a Secondary Data Analysis approach in the form of examination results for the presence or absence of caries through the ICDAS index and the results of the oral hygiene practice questionnaire on 113 children with growth stunting in Sukajadi district, Bandung.ResultsMost stunting children (60.2%) experienced increased caries rates classified as low, and 70.8% had poor oral hygiene practices. There were 50 children (44.3%) with poor oral hygiene practice with low caries increment, while 18 children (15.9%) had good oral hygiene practice with low caries increment.ConclusionOral hygiene practice is classified as poor, but caries increment is still relatively low in most stunting children in Sukajadi district, Bandung.

Babalola Castano, Remilekun T OLUWAKUYIDE, Oluwafemi A ADESHINA et al.

Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm which is common amongst the Yoruba ethinc group. The various histologic types have been elucidated. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalent histologic types of ameloblastoma in a Lagos secondary health care facility. Methodology: A 5-year retrospective review of histopathologically diagnosed slides were retrieved. Data extracted include the age, gender, location, ethnicity and histologic variants were analysed by SPSS version 26. Percentages, ratio, mean, standard deviation and crude odd ratio were determined, and p-value ⩽ 0.05 is considered significant. Result: A total of seventy-seven histopathologically diagnosed ameloblastoma slides were retrieved. Males were more affected than females in ratio 1.2:1 with the mean age 33.61±13.3. Ameloblastoma was commonest in the third decade of life and more in the mandible than maxilla. Yoruba ethnic group was most affected. The commonest histologic type was the unicystic type with intraluminal subtype accounting for the largest proportion. There was significant association between histologic types and gender (p= 0.037). Crude odd ratio revealed the odds in the unicystic type between male and female {p=0.041; CI=95%, OR=2.649(1.042-6.733)} and in the follicular between male and female {p=0.013; CI=95%, OR=3.855(1.321-11.288)}. Conclusion: The unicystic histologic type of ameloblastoma was the commonest, occurring more in females and this was followed by the follicular histologic type which occurred more in males in this Lagos State secondary health care facility.

Paul Akhigbe, Nneka M. Chukwumah, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan et al.

Abstract Background HIV infection and its management confer a substantial health burden to affected individuals and have been associated with increased risk of oral and dental diseases. In this study, we sought to quantify HIV-associated differences in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the primary and permanent dentition of 4–11-year-old Nigerian Children. Methods We used clinical, laboratory, demographic, and behavioral data obtained from an ongoing cohort study of age-matched HIV-infected (HI, n = 181), HIV-exposed-but-uninfected (HEU, n = 177), and HIV-unexposed-and-uninfected (HUU, n = 186) children. Measures of dental caries experience (i.e., prevalence and severity) were based on dmft/DMFT indices recorded by trained and calibrated clinical examiners. Differences in primary and permanent dentition caries experience between HI, HEU, and HUU were estimated using multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression modeling. Results HI children had significantly higher caries experience (33%) compared to HEU (15%) and HUU (22%) children. This difference persisted in fully adjusted analyses [odds ratio (OR) = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–2.6], was most pronounced in the permanent dentition (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.2–9.5), and mirrored differences in caries severity. While molars were predominantly affected in both primary and permanent dentitions, caries lesion patterns differed between dentitions. Caries severity was significantly associated with hypoplastic primary teeth, gingival inflammation, and lower CD4 counts. Conclusions We found that the higher prevalence and severity of dental caries among HI children was driven by increased burden of permanent dentition caries compared to their uninfected counterparts. The dentition-specific associations identified in this study highlight the need to design and implement age-specific caries prevention strategies. These may include intensified oral hygiene regimens aimed at mitigating the cariogenic impact of hyposalivation among HI children. Similarly, the long-lasting impacts of developmental defects of the enamel in the primary and permanent dentitions must not be ignored.

Melissa Siaw Han Lim, Takashi Ohtsuki, Fumiaki Takenaka et al.

“Theranostics,” a new concept of medical advances featuring a fusion of therapeutic and diagnostic systems, provides promising prospects in personalized medicine, especially cancer. The theranostics system comprises a novel ⁸⁹Zr-labeled drug delivery system (DDS), derived from the novel biodegradable polymeric micelle, “Lactosome” nanoparticles conjugated with specific shortened IgG variant, and aims to successfully deliver therapeutically effective molecules, such as the apoptosis-inducing small interfering RNA (siRNA) intracellularly while offering simultaneous tumor visualization via PET imaging. A 27 kDa-human single chain variable fragment (scFv) of IgG to establish clinically applicable PET imaging and theranostics in cancer medicine was fabricated to target mesothelin (MSLN), a 40 kDa-differentiation-related cell surface glycoprotein antigen, which is frequently and highly expressed by malignant tumors. This system coupled with the cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-modified and photosensitizer (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TPP))-loaded Lactosome particles for photochemical internalized (PCI) driven intracellular siRNA delivery and the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising nano-theranostic-based cancer therapy via its targeted apoptosis-inducing feature. This review focuses on the combined advances in nanotechnology and material sciences utilizing the “⁸⁹Zr-labeled CPP and TPP-loaded Lactosome particles” and future directions based on important milestones and recent developments in this platform.

E. Hilgard, J. Hilgard

Yalda Khosravi, Rala D. P. Kandukuri, Sara R. Palmer et al.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

S. Rajasekharan, L. Martens, R. Cauwels et al.

Sashi Deepth Reddy Janapala, Ramasamy Chidambaram

Levent Cigerim, Erkan Feslihan

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Alterations in blood pressure (BP) and variability of heart rate (HR) throughout dental procedures were not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on BP and HR in patients undergoing tooth extraction. METHODS: Based on BMI, 831 patients who underwent single tooth extraction were divided into two groups; group 1: underweight and normal-weight patients, group 2: overweight and obese patients. BP and HR were monitored before local anesthesia and after tooth extraction. For statistical analysis of the data, Number Cruncher Statistical System (NCSS) 2007 program was used. Mann-Whitney U test and Student’s t-test was used for comparing the differences between groups. RESULTS: The initial and final BP measurements of overweight and obese patients were found to be significantly higher than underweight and normal-weight patients (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of initial and final HR measurements (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Overweight and obese patients are more likely to have increased BP; therefore, monitoring of BP and HR during tooth extraction is crucial in this group of patients to prevent possible complications.

Shraga Blazer, Hadar Zigdon Giladi

We are proud to introduce you to the Fifteenth Annual Rambam Research Day, now established as a key annual event at Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, reflecting the diverse research activities on our campus. Integral to Rambam’s research activities are several competitive research funding programs that Rambam administers: The Horizons (Ofakim) program, which provides start-up and bridge research funding for young staff physicians with strong research credentials and plans, and the Leaders (Atidim) program, which is directed towards research training support for our residents. The Leaders program continues to receive wide recognition and serves as an especially important example of Rambam’s dedication to medical trainees and the development of physician scientists.

Liviu Gavrilă-Ardelean, Horia Lăzărescu, Andrei Kozma et al.

The aim of the study is to address integratively the ora and maxillofacial pathology of various etiology, so that starting from the dental anomaly we could prevent somatic imbalances, by rebalancing the postural tonic system (STP). The present research shows that this wish can only be achieved in a multidisciplinary therapeutic team, composed of the dentist, the specialist in medical recovery and the doctor of the primary healthcare facility. The etiological treatment is practically the one that prevents somatic changes in the spine and not the symptomatic therapy. The etiological treatment per se is a method of secondary and tertiary prophylaxis of axial somatic disorders.