Hasil untuk "Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics"

Tianyi Liu, Lei Lu, Yanzhong Wang et al.

Abstract BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for early risk stratification in primary prevention. Traditional Cox models assume proportional hazards and linear effects, limiting flexibility. While machine learning offers greater expressiveness, many models rely solely on structured data and overlook time-to-event (TTE) information. Integrating structured and textual representations may enhance prediction and support equitable assessment across clinical subgroups. ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a hybrid multitask deep learning model (MT-BERT [multitask Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers]) integrating structured and textual features from electronic health records (EHRs) to predict 10-year CVD risk, enhancing individualized stratification and supporting equitable assessment across diverse demographic groups. MethodsWe used data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum comprising 469,496 patients aged 40‐85 years to develop MT-BERT for 10-year CVD risk prediction. Structured EHR variables and their corresponding textual representations were jointly encoded using a multilayer perceptron and a distilled version of the BERT model (DistilBERT), respectively. A fusion layer and stacked multihead attention modules enabled cross-modal interaction modeling. The model generated both binary classification outputs and TTE risk scores, optimized using a custom FocalCoxLoss function with uncertainty-based weighting. Prediction targets encompassed composite and individual CVD outcomes. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), concordance index, and Brier score, with subgroup analyses by ethnicity and deprivation, and heterogeneity assessed using Higgins I ResultsThe MT-BERT model yielded AUROC values of 0.744 (95% CI 0.738‐0.749) in males and 0.782 (95% CI 0.768‐0.796) in females on the test set (n=711,052), and 0.736 (95% CI 0.729‐0.741) and 0.775 (95% CI 0.768‐0.780), respectively in “spatial external” validation (n=144,370). Brier scores were 0.130 in males and 0.091 in females. Individuals classified as high-risk (≥40% risk in males and ≥34% in females) demonstrated significantly reduced 10-year event-free survival relative to lower-risk individuals (log-rank PI ConclusionsThe proposed hybrid MT-BERT model predicts 10-year CVD risk for primary prevention by integrating structured variables and unstructured clinical text from EHRs. Its multitask design facilitates both individualized risk stratification and TTE estimation. While performance was modestly reduced in deprived and minority ethnic subgroups, these findings provide preliminary support for advancing equity-aware, data-driven prevention strategies in increasingly diverse health care settings.

Konstantina Matsoukas, Liz Blackler, Amy E Scharf et al.

Objectives Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) sought to empower patients and caregivers to be more proactive in requesting ethics consultations.Methods Functionality was developed on MSK’s electronic patient portal that allowed patients and/or caregivers to request ethics consultations. The Ethics Consultation Service (ECS) responded to all requests, which were documented and analysed.Results Of the 74 requests made through the portal, only one fell under the purview of the ECS. The others were primarily requests for assistance with coordinating clinical care, hospital resources or frustrations with the hospital or clinical team.Discussion To better empower patients and caregivers to engage Ethics, healthcare organisations and ECSs must first provide them with accessible, understandable and iterative educational resources.Conclusion After 19.5 months, the ‘Request Ethics Consultation’ functionality on the patient portal was suspended. Developing resources on the role of Ethics for our patients and caregivers remains a priority.

Felix Awindaogo, Emmanuel Acheamfour-Akowuah, Alfred Doku et al.

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with a high disease burden. The prevalence of HF in Ghana is increasing rapidly, but epidemiological profiles, treatment patterns, and survival data are scarce. The national capacity to diagnose and manage HF appropriately is also limited. To address the growing epidemic of HF, it is crucial to recognize the epidemiological characteristics and medium-term outcomes of HF in Ghana and improve the capability to identify and manage HF promptly and effectively at all levels of care. ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the epidemiological characteristics and medium-term HF outcomes in Ghana. MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multicenter, multilevel cross-sectional observational study of patients with HF from January to December 2023. Approximately 5000 patients presenting with HF to 9 hospitals, including teaching, regional, and municipal hospitals, will be recruited and evaluated according to a standardized protocol, including the use of an echocardiogram and an N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) test. Guideline-directed medical treatment of HF will be initiated for 6 months, and the medium-term outcomes of interventions, including rehospitalization and mortality, will be assessed. Patient data will be collated into a HF registry for continuous assessment and monitoring. ResultsThis intervention will generate the necessary information on the etiology of HF, clinical presentations, the diagnostic yield of various tools, and management outcomes. In addition, it will build the necessary capacity and support for HF management in Ghana. As of July 30, 2023, the training and onboarding of all 9 centers had been completed. Preliminary analyses will be conducted by the end of the second quarter of 2024, and results are expected to be publicly available by the middle of 2024. ConclusionsThis study will provide the necessary data on HF, which will inform decisions on the prevention and management of HF and form the basis for future research. Trial RegistrationISRCTN Registry (United Kingdom) ISRCTN18216214; https:www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18216214 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/52616

Moses Mokaya, Florence Kyallo, Peter Yiga et al.

BackgroundThe worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased in the past decade, and it is projected to increase by 126% by 2045 in Africa. At the same time, mobile phone use has increased in Africa, providing a potential for innovative mobile health interventions to support diabetes care. ObjectiveThis study aimed to apply the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) framework to develop text messages to influence food literacy in adults with T2D in urban Kenya. MethodsThe 8 steps of the BCW framework guided the development of text messages: (1) Define the problem in behavioral terms; (2) select target behaviors; (3) specify the target behaviors based on who needs to perform the behaviors, what needs to change, and when, where, how often, and with whom; (4) identify what needs to change; (5) identify intervention functions; (6) select policy categories; (7) select behavior change techniques (BCTs); and (8) select the mode of delivery. Recent exploratory studies in Kenya and other low- and middle-income countries provided information that was used to contextualize the intervention. ResultsIn step 1, the behavioral problem was defined as unhealthy dietary patterns among adults with T2D. In step 2, based on a qualitative study in the target population, the target behavior was selected to be evaluation of reliable sources of information, and selection and preparation of healthy food. In step 3, unhealthy dietary patterns were selected. In step 4, 10 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework were identified, and in step 5, 5 intervention functions were linked to the domains and unhealthy dietary patterns were specified. In step 6, communication and regulations were identified as policy categories, while in step 7, 9 BCTs were selected from the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy version 1. In step 8, the most suitable mode of delivery was determined to be mobile text messages. A total of 36 mobile text messages were developed based on the 9 BCTs. ConclusionsThis study shows the step-by-step application of the BCW framework to develop mobile text messages to influence food literacy in adults with T2D. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR1-10.2196/48271

Julia Offermann, Martina Ziefle, Nataliya Sira et al.

Introduction The increasing number of older adults in need of care, the resulting rise in demand for care services and the shortage of nursing staff are major challenges for society. In these situations, the use of telemedicine seems promising – especially in nursing homes when the focus is on rapid support in acute medical cases. However, in addition to the medical and technical potential, the acceptability and usability of the use of telemedical consultations are crucial for a sustainable implementation and acceptance. Our research aims at a holistic identification of socially and ethically relevant parameters for the evaluation of telemedical consultations in nursing homes. Methods Presentation of the empirical approach of an interdisciplinary cooperation that combines social and ethical research perspectives during an entire research project. Qualitative analysis of social and ethical aspects based on an interview study with care personnel (N = 14) who have experiences with telemedical consultations in nursing homes, as an example of this interdisciplinary collaboration and to show first insights. Results The results of the interview study show a slightly positive evaluation of the use of telemedical consultations in nursing homes. Six main categories were identified to capture and differentiate ethically and socially relevant perceived benefits and barriers (contact with physicians, general, personnel-related, residents-related, technical, and organizational aspects). Conclusion The study results allow initial recommendations for the implementation of telemedicine consultations in nursing homes considering socially and ethically relevant aspects. These recommendations can be used to inform medical and technical experts in the field of telemedicine. In addition, the presentation of the interdisciplinary collaboration shows that the close integration of social and ethical aspects in research enables a holistic dimension of the use of telemedicine.

Wenjun Li, Likun Wang, Xiaofang Li et al.

Exploring the natural diversity of functional genes/proteins from environmental DNA in high throughput remains challenging. In this study, we developed a sequence-based functional metagenomics procedure for mining the diversity of copper (Cu) resistance gene copA in global microbiomes, by combining the metagenomic assembly technology, local BLAST, evolutionary trace analysis (ETA), chemical synthesis, and conventional functional genomics. In total, 87 metagenomes were collected from a public database and subjected to copA detection, resulting in 93,899 hits. Manual curation of 1214 hits of high confidence led to the retrieval of 517 unique CopA candidates, which were further subjected to ETA. Eventually, 175 novel copA sequences of high quality were discovered. Phylogenetic analysis showed that almost all these putative CopA proteins were distantly related to known CopA proteins, with 55 sequences from totally unknown species. Ten novel and three known copA genes were chemically synthesized for further functional genomic tests using the Cu-sensitive Escherichia coli (ΔcopA). The growth test and Cu uptake determination showed that five novel clones had positive effects on host Cu resistance and uptake. One recombinant harboring copA-like 15 (copAL15) successfully restored Cu resistance of the host with a substantially enhanced Cu uptake. Two novel copA genes were fused with the gfp gene and expressed in E. coli for microscopic observation. Imaging results showed that they were successfully expressed and their proteins were localized to the membrane. The results here greatly expand the diversity of known CopA proteins, and the sequence-based procedure developed overcomes biases in length, screening methods, and abundance of conventional functional metagenomics.

Corentin Martens, Laetitia Lebrun, Christine Decaestecker et al.

Reaction-diffusion models have been proposed for decades to capture the growth of gliomas. Nevertheless, these models require an initial condition: the tumor cell density distribution over the whole brain at diagnosis time. Several works have proposed to relate this distribution to abnormalities visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this work, we verify these hypotheses by stereotactic histological analysis of a non-operated brain with glioblastoma using a 3D-printed slicer. Cell density maps are computed from histological slides using a deep learning approach. The density maps are then registered to a postmortem MR image and related to an MR-derived geodesic distance map to the tumor core. The relation between the edema outlines visible on T2-FLAIR MRI and the distance to the core is also investigated. Our results suggest that (i) the previously proposed exponential decrease of the tumor cell density with the distance to the core is reasonable but (ii) the edema outlines would not correspond to a cell density iso-contour and (iii) the suggested tumor cell density at these outlines is likely overestimated. These findings highlight the limitations of conventional MRI to derive glioma cell density maps and the need for other initialization methods for reaction-diffusion models to be used in clinical practice.

Jiang, Ying, Koh, Karen Wei Ling, Ramachandran, Hadassah Joann et al.

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a major public health problem that places a significant disease burden on society. Self-care is important in the management of HF because it averts disease progression and reduces the number of hospitalizations. Effective nursing interventions promote HF self-care. ObjectiveThis study aims to explore participants’ perspectives on a nurse-led, home-based heart failure self-management program (HOM-HEMP) in a randomized controlled trial conducted in Singapore to gain insight into the effectiveness of the study intervention. MethodsA descriptive, qualitative approach was used. English- or Chinese-speaking participants from the intervention arms were recruited through a purposive sampling method from January 2019 to July 2019. Individual, face-to-face, semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 participants. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, with the participant identifiers omitted to ensure confidentiality. The thematic analysis approach was used to identify, analyze, and report patterns (themes) within the data. ResultsA total of six themes emerged from the process evaluation interviews and were categorized according to the Donabedian structure-process-outcome framework as intervention structure, intervention process, and intervention outcome. These six themes were manageability of the intervention, areas for improvement, benefits of visiting, personal accountability in self-care, empowered with knowledge and skills in self-care after the intervention, and increased self-efficacy in cardiac care. ConclusionsThe findings of the process evaluation provided additional information on participants’ perceptions and experiences with the HOM-HEMP intervention. Although a home visit may be perceived as resource intensive, it remains to be the preferred way of engagement for most patients. Nurses play an important role in promoting HF self-care. The process of interaction with the patient can be an important process for empowering self-care behavior changes.

Richard Creager, John Blackwood, Thomas Pribyl et al.

<italic>Goal:</italic> Monitoring the genetic diversity and emerging mutations of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for understanding the evolution of the virus and assuring the performance of diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapies against COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is still adapting to humans and, as illustrated by B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.617.2 (Delta), lineage dynamics are fluid, and strain prevalence may change radically in a matter of months. The National Institutes of Health&#x0027;s Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx^SM) initiative created a Variant Task Force to assess the impact of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants on <italic>in vitro</italic> diagnostic testing. Working in tandem with clinical laboratories, the FDA, and the CDC, the Variant Task Force uses both <italic>in silico</italic> modeling and <italic>in vitro</italic> testing to determine the effect of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on diagnostic molecular and antigen tests. Here, we offer an overview of the approach and activities of the RADx Variant Task Force to ensure test performance against emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages.

I. J. Yermakova, L. D. Montgomery, A. Yu. Nikolaienko et al.

У статті наведено математичну модель терморегуляції людини у теплій воді і результати впливу теплої води на людину в умовах спокою та фізичного навантаження. Розглянуто діапазон занурення у воду від 35 °C до 38 °C. Модель реалізовано у вигляді зручного для користувача комп'ютерного симулятора. Модель дає прогнози на основі даних про людину, швидкості метаболізму, умов навколишнього середовища та біофізики одягу. За результатами моделювання зроблено висновок, що занурення людини в теплу воду—це стрімкий, швидкий за часом процес, що вимагає жорсткого контролю. Порівняння результатів моделювання з вимірами на добровольцях підтвердило ці дані. Показано, що динаміка нагріву людини істотно залежить від температури води та часу занурення. Під час короткочасного занурення навіть за високої температури води немає загрози перегрівання людини, однак тривалість занурення може призвести до перегрівання.

Charlotte Koldeweij, Jonathan Clarke, Joppe Nijman et al.

BackgroundPediatric drug calculators (PDCs) intended for clinical use qualify as medical devices under the Medical Device Directive and the Medical Device Regulation. The extent to which they comply with European standards on quality and safety is unknown. ObjectiveThis study determines the number of PDCs available as mobile apps for use in the Netherlands that bear a CE mark, and explore the factors influencing the CE marking of such devices among app developers. MethodsA scoping review of Google Play Store and Apple App Store was conducted to identify PDCs available for download in the Netherlands. CE accreditation of the sampled apps was determined by consulting the app landing pages on app stores, by screening the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency’s online registry of medical devices, and by surveying app developers. The barriers to CE accreditation were also explored through a survey of app developers. ResultsOf 632 screened apps, 74 were eligible, including 60 pediatric drug dosage calculators and 14 infusion rate calculators. One app was CE marked. Of the 20 (34%) respondents to the survey, 8 considered their apps not to be medical devices based on their intent of use or functionality. Three developers had not aimed to make their app available for use in Europe. Other barriers that may explain the limited CE accreditation of sampled PDC apps included poor awareness of European regulations among developers and a lack of restrictions when placing PDCs in app stores. ConclusionsThe compliance of PDCs with European standards on medical devices is poor. This puts clinicians and their patients at risk of medical errors resulting from the largely unrestricted use of these apps.

Farah Paramita, Y. Hartriyanti, Susestyowati et al.

Hospital nutritional care requires a timely, accurate and complete information delivery to the patients. Some barriers found in the documentation process include incomplete documentation and errors in calculating patient’s nutritional needs. We developed NUCAPRO (NCP Electronic), a computer-based system, to document the nutritional care process and help dietitians in calculating a patient’s nutritional needs. This computer system was compared with a manual system to find out which of the two provided more accurate and complete documentation. This pre-experimental study used a pre–post-test design. Eight dietitians were recruited from the Internal Medicine Department Hospital in Malang to perform the documentation of the nutritional care of 40 diabetes mellitus patients. The documentation was performed using a manual system and NUCAPRO. The completeness and accuracy of documentation were compared between the two systems. Statistical analysis was done using McNemar. The results showed no difference in terms of completeness and accuracy of documentation between the two systems (p < 0.05). However, the error in calculation using NCP Electronic was found to be lower than the manual system. We suggest developing an alert feature for the system so that the process is more efficient. Keywords: dietetics, documentation, medical informatic application, completeness, accurate, error

N. Goldstein, Michael Levasseur, L. McClure

Epidemiology, biostatistics, and data science are broad disciplines that incorporate a variety of substantive areas. Common among them is a focus on quantitative approaches for solving intricate problems. When the substantive area is health and health care, the overlap is further cemented. Researchers in these disciplines are fluent in statistics, data management and analysis, and health and medicine, to name but a few competencies. Yet there are important and perhaps mutually exclusive attributes of these fields that warrant a tighter integration. For example, epidemiologists receive substantial training in the science of study design, measurement, and the art of causal inference. Biostatisticians are well versed in the theory and application of methodological techniques, as well as the design and conduct of public health research. Data scientists receive equivalently rigorous training in computational and visualization approaches for high-dimensional data. Compared to data scientists, epidemiologists and biostatisticians may have less expertise in computer science and informatics, while data scientists may benefit from a working knowledge of study design and causal inference. Collaboration and cross-training offer the opportunity to share and learn of the constructs, frameworks, theories, and methods of these fields with the goal of offering fresh and innovate perspectives for tackling challenging problems in health and health care. In this article, we first describe the evolution of these fields focusing on their convergence in the era of electronic health data, notably electronic medical records (EMRs). Next we present how a collaborative team may design, analyze, and implement an EMR-based study. Finally, we review the curricula at leading epidemiology, biostatistics, and data science training programs, identifying gaps and offering suggestions for the fields moving forward.

Lennard I. Boon, Arjan Hillebrand, Wouter V. Potters et al.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established symptomatic treatment in Parkinson's disease, yet its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Locally in the STN, stimulation lowers beta band power, in parallel with symptom relief. Therefore, beta band oscillations are sometimes referred to as “anti-kinetic”. However, in recent studies functional interactions have been observed beyond the STN, which we hypothesized to reflect clinical effects of DBS.Resting-state, whole-brain magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings and assessments on motor function were obtained in 18 Parkinson's disease patients with bilateral STN-DBS, on and off stimulation. For each brain region, we estimated source-space spectral power and functional connectivity with the rest of the brain.Stimulation led to an increase in average peak frequency and a suppression of absolute band power (delta to low-beta band) in the sensorimotor cortices. Significant changes (decreases and increases) in low-beta band functional connectivity were observed upon stimulation. Improvement in bradykinesia/rigidity was significantly related to increases in alpha2 and low-beta band functional connectivity (of sensorimotor regions, the cortex as a whole, and subcortical regions). By contrast, tremor improvement did not correlate with changes in functional connectivity.Our results highlight the distributed effects of DBS on the resting-state brain and suggest that DBS-related improvements in rigidity and bradykinesia, but not tremor, may be mediated by an increase in alpha2 and low-beta functional connectivity. Beyond the local effects of DBS in and around the STN, functional connectivity changes in these frequency bands might therefore be considered as “pro-kinetic”.

Nam, Sang Min, Peterson, Thomas A, Butte, Atul J et al.

BackgroundDry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease of the ocular surface, and its associated factors are important for understanding and effectively treating DED. ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide an integrative and personalized model of DED by making an explanatory model of DED using as many factors as possible from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. MethodsUsing KNHANES data for 2012 (4391 sample cases), a point-based scoring system was created for ranking factors associated with DED and assessing patient-specific DED risk. First, decision trees and lasso were used to classify continuous factors and to select important factors, respectively. Next, a survey-weighted multiple logistic regression was trained using these factors, and points were assigned using the regression coefficients. Finally, network graphs of partial correlations between factors were utilized to study the interrelatedness of DED-associated factors. ResultsThe point-based model achieved an area under the curve of 0.70 (95% CI 0.61-0.78), and 13 of 78 factors considered were chosen. Important factors included sex (+9 points for women), corneal refractive surgery (+9 points), current depression (+7 points), cataract surgery (+7 points), stress (+6 points), age (54-66 years; +4 points), rhinitis (+4 points), lipid-lowering medication (+4 points), and intake of omega-3 (0.43%-0.65% kcal/day; −4 points). Among these, the age group 54 to 66 years had high centrality in the network, whereas omega-3 had low centrality. ConclusionsIntegrative understanding of DED was possible using the machine learning–based model and network-based factor analysis. This method for finding important risk factors and identifying patient-specific risk could be applied to other multifactorial diseases.

Aravind Natarajan, Hao-Wei Su, Conor Heneghan

Abstract Respiration rate, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) are some health metrics that are easily measured by consumer devices, which can potentially provide early signs of illness. Furthermore, mobile applications that accompany wearable devices can be used to collect relevant self-reported symptoms and demographic data. This makes consumer devices a valuable tool in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on 2745 subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 (active infection, PCR test) were collected from May 21 to September 11, 2020, consisting of PCR positive tests conducted between February 16 and September 9. Considering male (female) participants, 11.9% (11.2%) of the participants were asymptomatic, 48.3% (47.8%) recovered at home by themselves, 29.7% (33.7%) recovered at home with the help of someone else, 9.3% (6.6%) required hospitalization without ventilation, and 0.5% (0.4%) required ventilation. There were a total of 21 symptoms reported, and the prevalence of symptoms varies by sex. Fever was present in 59.4% of male subjects and in 52% of female subjects. Based on self-reported symptoms alone, we obtained an AUC of 0.82 ± 0.017 for the prediction of the need for hospitalization. Based on physiological signs, we obtained an AUC of 0.77 ± 0.018 for the prediction of illness on a specific day. Respiration rate and heart rate are typically elevated by illness, while HRV is decreased. Measuring these metrics, taken in conjunction with molecular-based diagnostics, may lead to better early detection and monitoring of COVID-19.

Meum, Torbjørg Træland, Slettebø, Åshild, Fossum, Mariann

BackgroundNursing education has evolved in line with societal needs, and simulation-based learning (SBL) is increasingly being used to bridge the gap between practice and education. Previous literature reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness of using SBL in nursing education. However, there is a need to explore how and why it works to expand the theoretical foundation of SBL. Realist reviews are a theory-based approach to synthesizing existing evidence on how complex programs work in particular contexts or settings. ObjectiveThis review aims to understand how, why, and in what circumstances the use of simulation affects learning as part of the bachelor’s program in nursing. MethodsA realist review will be conducted in accordance with the realist template for a systematic review. In particular, we will identify and explore the underlying assumption of how SBL is supposed to work, that is, identify and explore program theories of SBL. The review will be carried out as an iterative process of searching, appraising, and synthesizing the evidence to uncover theoretical concepts that explain the causal effects of SBL. In the final section of the review, we will involve stakeholders in the Norwegian community in a web-based Delphi survey to ensure that the emerging theoretical framework derived from the published literature aligns with stakeholders’ experience in practice. ResultsThe Norwegian Centre for Research Data (project number 60415) has approved the study. We have performed an initial literature search, whereas quality appraisal and data extraction are ongoing processes. ConclusionsThe final outcome of the review is anticipated to extend the theoretical foundation for using simulation as an integrated component of the bachelor’s program in nursing. Furthermore, the findings will be used to produce a briefing document containing guidance for national stakeholders in the community of simulation-based nursing education. Finally, the review findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal as well as national and international conferences. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/16363

Navid Naseri, Tahereh Baherimoghadam, Reza Rasooli et al.

Abstract Background The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) is an efficient tool for assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). It evaluates the effect of dental esthetics on the psychosocial status of young adults. This questionnaire has been translated to many languages so far. However, it has not yet been translated to Persian. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of PIDAQ for use among the young adults. Material and method The questionnaire was translated to Persian, back-translated to English and underwent cultural adaptation and pretesting. It was then filled out by 398 young adults (215 females and 183 males) between 18 to 30 years in Shiraz, Iran. The Persian version of PIDAQ along with the index of orthodontic treatment need-aesthetic component (IOTN-AC) and the perception of occlusion (POS) index were administered among participants to assess its discriminant validity. Results Factor analysis extracted four domains and the factor loading of domains ranged from 0.479 to 0.837. The Cronbach’s alpha for the Persian version of PIDAQ ranged from 0.809 to 0.886. The mean score for each of the domains and the total score for PIDAQ, classified according to IOTN-AC and POS, showed a significant difference. The mean score acquired by subjects requiring orthodontic treatment was significantly higher than the score acquired by those not requiring orthodontic treatment (P = 0.00). Conclusion The Persian version of PIDAQ has optimal validity, reliability and responsiveness for assessment of the psychosocial impact of malocclusion on the Iranian young adults.

Chase A. Klingaman, Matthew J. Wagner, Justin R. Brown et al.

The data presented in this article are related to the research article, “HPLC-based enzyme kinetics assay for glucosinolate hydrolysis facilitate analysis of systems with both multiple reaction products and thermal enzyme denaturation” (C.K. Klingaman, M.J. Wagner, J.R. Brown, J.B. Klecker, E.H. Pauley, C.J. Noldner, J.R. Mays,) [1]. This data article describes (1) the synthesis and spectral characterization data of a non-natural glucosinolate analogue, 2,2-diphenylethyl glucosinolate, (2) HPLC standardization data for glucosinolate, isothiocyanate, nitrile, and amine analytes, (3) reaction progress curve data for enzymatic hydrolysis reactions with variable substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, buffer pH, and temperature, and (4) normalized initial velocities of hydrolysis/formation for analytes. These data provide a comprehensive description of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2,2-diphenylethyl glucosinolate (5) and glucotropaeolin (6) under widely varied conditions.

Kyu H. Kim