Hasil untuk "Computational linguistics. Natural language processing"

Khizra Tabassum

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Book Antiqua&quot;, &quot;serif&quot;;">The establishment of Pakistan Television was a new chapter in the tradition of Urdu drama as producers and writers went beyond the tradition of stage dramas to present the realities of life to the audience by utilizing the new techniques of electronic media. Najma Farooqui's "Nazrana"</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Jameel Noori Nastaleeq&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Book Antiqua&quot;, &quot;serif&quot;;">was the first drama to appear on the screen, after which other writers played their role in strengthening the tradition of Urdu drama. Nowadays PTV has been replaced by many private channels and the dramas aired on these channels are also leading to the reformation of the society to some extent.</span>

RUBINA, DR. NASREEN AMIN

Women writers have significantly enriched the Urdu travelogue tradition by offering critical insights into religion, culture, politics, and gender relations. Pakistani women’s travelogues reveal shifting patterns of women’s rights across different societies and highlight the ways in which religion shapes women’s social status, autonomy, and equality. While cultural norms and religious interpretations can facilitate empowerment, they can also impose constraints on women’s lives. This study analyzes the impact of religion on women across diverse societies and examines religious exploitation as well as women’s varied experiences within religious and cultural traditions as represented in Pakistani women’s travelogues. Using these texts as primary sources, the research employs a feminist qualitative content analysis grounded in feminist theoretical frameworks. The findings indicate that some women perceive religion as a source of protection, identity, and spiritual comfort, whereas others experience it as a barrier to personal freedom and equal rights. The study concludes that religion’s influence on women’s lives is shaped by its interpretation and socio-cultural context, resulting in diverse gendered outcomes.

Anna Gaidash

This lecture, delivered on July 3, 2025, at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich within the workshop “Counter-Sentences. Feminist Perspectives in Slavic Studies”, forms part of the broader project “The Memory of the Holodomor in Slavic Literature” (Leipzig University, 2024). The project aims to introduce Western academia to the diverse literary and cultural representations of the Holodomor across various genres, including prose, drama, poetry, comics, and film. The lecture begins with an overview of Ukrainian literature and its role in shaping Holodomor Studies, followed by a discussion of current scholarly approaches to interpreting famine narratives. It then explores the representation of the Holodomor in fiction written both in emigration and in Ukraine itself. Finally, the lecture presents two case studies: Vasyl Barka’s Der gelbe Fürst (1962), a canonical novel about Holodomor written in immigration, and Tanya Pyankova’s Das Zeitalter der roten Ameisen (2022), a contemporary engagement with the famine’s memory written in independent Ukraine. Together, these perspectives highlight how literature negotiates trauma, memory, and identity in relation to one of the twentieth century’s most devastating historical events.

Anna Egorova, Mikhail Kruzhkov, Vitaly Nuriev et al.

Abstract Though neural machine translation (NMT) has become the leading machine translation (MT) paradigm, its output may still contain errors. To improve NMT quality, it is important to investigate these errors and to see how NMT quality changes with time. The primary focus of the paper is on what is referred to here as “temporal (in)stability of NMT”, the phenomenon that was uncovered in a year-long experiment and may be researched applying interval evaluation methods. The paper presents data collected while observing how far, if at all, the Google’s Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) system progressed during a year. The data were qualitatively evaluated based on a set of indicators. To that end, 250 Russian text sentences were chosen. In the course of a year, each sentence was repeatedly translated into French using the GNMT engine (with a time step of 1 month). The produced translations were recorded and annotated in an especially designed supracorpora database, allowing to register a series of 12 translations for each of the 250 Russian sentences. To annotate the translations, there was a need to elaborate an error typology that would help reveal if the NMT system improved its output quality or not. One year-long experiment shows that not only does NMT quality improve, but it also may decrease with time.

Rastya Mutiarani Zahra

This research explores the integration of digital humanities methods in the analysis of Indonesian language texts to enhance linguistic and cultural understanding. The primary objective is to develop tailored digital humanities methodologies, applying computational tools such as text mining, natural language processing, and corpus linguistics to analyze linguistic and thematic patterns within Indonesian texts. By leveraging these techniques, the study aims to provide new insights into language use, cultural narratives, and historical shifts in Indonesia. A qualitative approach, including a literature review and case studies, is used to examine existing research and methodologies, and assess how digital tools can be effectively applied in this context. The study also addresses the accessibility of Indonesian textual data for researchers, educators, and students, proposing solutions to make these resources more usable and integrated into the global digital humanities framework. This research contributes to expanding the scope of digital humanities by incorporating Indonesian language texts, offering a model for future studies in non-Western linguistic traditions.

SAEEDA IRUM, DR. NAHEED QAMAR

Asim Butt is one of the finest fiction writers of 21st century. The realistic topics and unique style of his writings not only fascinate the readers but also gives him a distinctive place among the other fiction writers of his time. Asim Butt deeply feels the pains and suffering of the modern person, who lost his roots and facing the issues of identity, loneliness and desolation in his inner world. His first novel “Daira” is one of the examples of his thoughts which depicts the miseries of the modern person who is in search of his identity and facing crises in his inner world.

Nadjet CHAOUI BOUDGHENE-BENCHOUK & Chakib BEREKSI REGUIG

Résumé : Dans notre étude de l'œuvre de Mohamed Mbougar Sarr, « La plus secrète mémoire des hommes », roman couronné par le prix Goncourt en 2021, nous nous aventurons au cœur du discours labyrinthique de son écriture. Dans une richesse narrative et stylistique, il est question de l’histoire de Diégane Faye et sa découverte du mystérieux auteur T.C. Elimane. Cette analyse met en évidence l'utilisation de structures narratives complexes, de chronologies non linéaires et de paradoxes pour captiver le lecteur. Mbougar Sarr enrichit son texte par des références littéraires et un vocabulaire précis, tout en intégrant des éléments culturels africains pour ajouter de l’authenticité. Le travail examine également les figures de style et les phrases désorientées, soulignant comment Mbougar Sarr crée une œuvre à la fois profonde et réfléchie, qui rend hommage à la littérature tout en abordant des thèmes de mémoire, de résilience, et d'identité. Mots-clés : Lexique – complexité discursive – intertextualité – identité linguistique.

Sonja Quehenberger, Lars Bülow, Philip C. Vergeiner

Focusing on phrasal verbs such as einbringen ‘to harvest’ or abbringen ‘to dissuade’, the aim of the present exploratory apparent-time study is to uncover factors affecting the subjunctive II formation in the traditional base dialects of Salzburg (Austria). Depending on whether the subjunctive II formation is synthetic or periphrastic, phrasal verbs are formed in contact position (e. g., würde/täte abbringen ‘would dissuade’) or in distance position (e. g. brächte ab ‘would dissuade’) between particle and verb stem. In order to examine which subjunctive II variants are used for 15 phrasal verbs in the traditional dialects of Salzburg, an indirect survey was carried out with 25 informants in six rural locations. These villages are spread across the three dialect areas (West-Central Bavarian, South-Central Bavarian, and South Bavarian) cutting through the federal state of Salzburg. Furthermore, the subjunctive II formation of the phrasal verbs is compared to that of the simple verbs (e. g., bringen ‘to bring’) corresponding to the derivational bases of the respective phrasal verbs investigated (e. g., einbringen or abbringen). In addition to linguistic and areal factors, sociolinguistic factors (age and gender) are taken into account. Results show that the subjunctive II formation of phrasal verbs differs significantly from that of simple verbs: compared to the corresponding simple verbs, the informants used the phrasal verbs significantly more often with periphrastic variants. It is argued that this tendency is related to specific semantic-lexical and morpho-syntactic properties of phrasal verbs. Regarding the areal distribution, there are differences between the individual locations. These differences do not correlate with the traditional dialect regions but can be traced back to the socio-demographic characteristics of the locations (number of inhabitants, transport connections, tourism etc.). Moreover, age proves to be a relevant factor: there is a statistically significant difference in both, simple verbs and phrasal verbs, with the younger informants preferring the periphrastic variants.

Alberto Gasparin, Slobodan Lukovic, Cesare Alippi

Abstract Management and efficient operations in critical infrastructures such as smart grids take huge advantage of accurate power load forecasting, which, due to its non‐linear nature, remains a challenging task. Recently, deep learning has emerged in the machine learning field achieving impressive performance in a vast range of tasks, from image classification to machine translation. Applications of deep learning models to the electric load forecasting problem are gaining interest among researchers as well as the industry, but a comprehensive and sound comparison among different—also traditional—architectures is not yet available in the literature. This work aims at filling the gap by reviewing and experimentally evaluating four real world datasets on the most recent trends in electric load forecasting, by contrasting deep learning architectures on short‐term forecast (one‐day‐ahead prediction). Specifically, the focus is on feedforward and recurrent neural networks, sequence‐to‐sequence models and temporal convolutional neural networks along with architectural variants, which are known in the signal processing community but are novel to the load forecasting one.

Jussi Karlgren

The study presented in this paper demonstrates how transcribed podcast material differs with respect to lexical content from other collections of English language data: editorial text, social media, both long form and microblogs, dialogue from movie scripts, and transcribed phone conversations. Most of the recorded differences are as might be expected, reflecting known or assumed difference between spoken and written language, between dialogue and soliloquy, and between scripted formal and unscripted informal language use. Most notably, podcast material, compared to the hitherto typical training sets from editorial media, is characterised by being in the present tense, and with a much higher incidence of pronouns, interjections, and negations. These characteristics are, unsurprisingly, largely shared with social media texts. Where podcast material differs from social media material is in its attitudinal content, with many more amplifiers and much less negative attitude than in blog texts. This variation, besides being of philological interest, has ramifications for computational work. Information access for material which is not primarily topical should be designed to be sensitive to such variation that defines the data set itself and discriminates items within it. In general, training sets for language models are a non-trivial parameter which are likely to show effects both expected and unexpected when applied to data from other sources and the characteristics and provenance of data used to train a model should be listed on the label as a minimal form of downstream consumer protection.

Sándor Dominich

Richard Craggs, Mary McGee Wood

Eliyahu Kiperwasser, Yoav Goldberg

Tracy Holloway King

Abdelaziz AMAR

ملخص: تعتبر الأمثال مصدرا نفيسا لجمع ورصد اللغية التقنية العادية الخاصة بميادين مهنية  محددة مثل النسيج والنجارة والحدادة... بحيث يرتبط ظهور المثل في هذه الأوساط المهنية بتجربة أو معرفة أو مهارة معينة (اعمار 2014)  . ومن هذا المنظور تروم هذه الدراسة رصد اللغية التقنية العادية الخاصة بالفلاحة من خلال الأمثال، في محاولة لمعالجة وتوثيق الاستعمالات المعجمية والخطابية، وكذا المعارف والتقنيات المرتبطة بميدان الفلاحة (Messaoudi 2012).

Lucia Cinato

What strategies do politicians use to convey their ideas and convince the audience of what they say? How are these devices received by interpreters and, above all, how are they interpreted? In my article, I will use some speeches delivered by German-speaking members of the European Parliament to examine how the language of politics and the persuasion strategies of politicians are expressed and how simultaneous interpreting can reproduce these strategies. In the latter, due to temporal and other constraints, not all elements of the original oral text can be reproduced, such as wordplay, word formation and rhetorical figures at the lexical level and information structure at the syntactic level. If the oral speeches are then reproduced in written form, as is usual at the European Parliament, certain content and language strategies can be recovered, but only in this later phase, which definitely loses some features of the spoken language. The question to be investigated in this article is: is it possible to reproduce, in a convincing manner, the message of a source text even if elements of persuasion strategies are missing? Pragmatic, textual and linguistic-system considerations will illustrate the theoretical framework with the aid of concrete examples

Wei Li, Yunfang Wu

Zhipeng Xie

N.S. Kukharenka

The purpose of this article is to examine the features of metaphor in economic discourse. Economy-related lexical units as well as structures typical for economic discourse have been actively utilized in individual and group communication. The article discusses samples of economic discourse selected from two British periodicals, the Financial Times and the Economist, and two Bielarusian ones, Звязда and Народная Воля.

Roland Hausser