Hasil untuk "Biography"

Maksim S. Shchavlinskii

The diaries of V.N. Bunina represent important historical testimonies about the life of the Russian emigration. Bunina kept them throughout her life with remarkable regularity — in some years (for example, in 1929–1930), entries were made almost daily. This material is particularly valuable for studying the life of the Russian emigration in France during the 1920–1940s. To this day, the relationship between the Bunin and Merezhkovskii families has not been properly studied. The 1920–1930s are especially interesting, as this was the time of the “Nobel competition” between I.A. Bunin and D.S. Merezhkovskii. Despite warm relations in the early 1920s, by the mid-1920s the relationship between the families had cooled, and in 1929–1930 an unexpected rapprochement (“thaw”/ottepel) occurred, reflected in the correspondence between Z.N. Gippius and V.N. Bunina, as well as in Vera Nikolaevna’s diaries. This article examines this brief rapprochement and its biographical and literary contexts.

Vladimir Iontchev

St Gregory of Nyssa remains one of the most enigmatic figures among the Church Fathers. Although multiple accounts of his life have come down to us, they are riddled with ambiguities that leave ample room for speculation. Theological scholarship from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries tended to depict Gregory as a contemplative thinker, ill-suited to secular engagement and inclined to favour repose over action—claims frequently advanced without firm evidential basis. This paper re-examines such portrayals in light of biographical material that suggests a far more complex, turbulent, and, at times, controversial life. It asks whether the dominant image of Gregory promoted during this period represented an interpretive strategy aimed at harmonising the apparent contradictions in his life and conduct—contradictions which clashed with contemporary expectations of sanctity.

F.M. Galassi, L. Ingaliso, V. Papa et al.

Recognized since antiquity, gout is still a relevant pathology with rising prevalence and incidence. This study aims to assess the reference accuracy in journal articles mentioning the early use of the word ‘gout’. Specifically, it investigates whether the term was indeed coined in the 13th century by the Dominican monk Randolphus of Bocking, as widely believed. Several historical sources in their original Latin were consulted to test the hypothesis of literary mentions predating Randolphus of Bocking’s description. At the same time, biomedical articles spanning the last two decades were perused using specific keywords in different combinations to determine the accuracy level of references related to the earliest use of the word ‘gout’. The results showed that several biomedical publications wrongly ascribed the origin of the word ‘gout’ to Randolphus of Bocking. Indeed, various texts predate his mention by many years. In particular, gutta, the Latin word used to indicate a host of rheumatological conditions including gout, is recorded as early as the 10th century in a biography dedicated to the martyred nun Saint Wiborada of St. Gall. Written by Swiss monks between AD 960 and 963, this text should be regarded as containing the earliest known adoption of the word. For this reason, scholars should now avoid quoting Randolph of Bocking’s description as the first use of the word ‘gout’ in Western literature.

Justine Gain

In the nineteenth century, as the idea of a museum took shape in the Paris region, the first attempts at museography and restoration appeared. An object biography of four wooden sculptures of women attributed to Germain Pilon at the time provides an opportunity to explore these intertwined phenomena. The journey of the figures, which once supported the shrine of Saint Genevieve in the Paris church of the same name, illustrates both the museum practice of an era and its growing taste for the French Renaissance. The aim of this study is to analyse the peregrinations of the group during the nineteenth century, as well as the various practices that enabled it to be exhibited in three institutions that were themselves key players in the history of collections: the Musée des Monuments Français, the Louvre and the History Galleries of Versailles.

Олександр Добржанський

The article analyzes the figure of Hryhorii Kupchanko, the Bukovynian ethnographer, journalist, publisher, and public figure. The author dwelled on some aspects of his biography, publishing, and journalistic activities, scientific research in ethnography, local history, and history that were unknown to the public. It is noted that H. Kupchanko quite often submitted false information about himself, which caused a lot of errors in the work of his researchers in the memoirs and autobiography. The source base of research was rather narrow. Major attention is paid to understanding the changes in the social and political views of H. Kupchanko, his evolution from old Russophilia to radical Moscophilia, as well as propaganda activities. The article confirms that since the late 1880s H. Kupchanko moved to the positions of the most consistent supporters of the Russian idea, in his numerous newspaper articles, brochures, he sought to impose Russian identity on the Rusyns of Bukovyna, Galicia and Transcarpathia, to convince them that they were the part of the «single Russian people», and that their language was a Great Russian dialect. This is evidenced by his numerous publications in the newspapers Russka Pravda, Prosvieshchieniye, various brochures, which were published in mass circulation and distributed free of charge to peasants of the Western Ukraine lands. The desire to justify H. Kupchanko by the fact that he made a certain contribution to the study of the customs, rituals, folklore of the Rusyns of Bukovyna and seems to be only a Russophile and not a radical Moscophile, does not hold waterand is refuted by numerous facts on his public and propaganda activities.

Eliane Lavall, Priscila Susin, Karina Schuh Reif et al.

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the experiences of family members of people who committed suicide and describe the typologies of the biographical cases through the approach of biographical interviews and analysis. Method: Qualitative research, with a reconstructive approach to Rosenthal's biographical cases, based on Schutz's phenomenological sociology. Biographical narrative interviews were conducted between November/2017 and February/2018, in a city in southern Brazil, with eleven family members of people who survived suicide. The analysis followed the phases of Rosenthal's biographical case reconstruction. Results: The reconstruction of two biographical cases were presented. The results point to two distinct typologies: maternal role in the face of suicide and social stigmatization; use of the cultural meaning of family as a resource for coping with suicide. Conclusion: It is important to listen to these family members, as the understanding of their experiences can support health professionals in the implementation of care actions.

Marko Motnik

The clergyman and composer Georg Prenner can indubitably be regarded as one of the most outstanding figures originating from the Slovenian ethnic territory in the second half of the sixteenth century. The present paper summarizes the preliminary findings and provides new scholarly insights into Prenner’s biography, his social environment, his religious and cultural life, his priestly career and, finally, his remarkable personality.

Jean-Charles Perquin

Qingtian Cui

During the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the progressive intellectuals, who were confronted with the all-embracing crisis of Chinese society, yearned to find the new truth within the Western ideas on the one hand, and the works of the classical Chinese philosophy of the pre-Qin era on the other. These social and historical circumstances started the research into the history of Chinese logic. In the process of these investigations, it soon became clear that more appropriate methodologies were needed to explore Chinese logic, as those used for researching Western logic were not suitable for the task. The revival and modernization of such methods took place in the latter half of the 20th century, and one of the most important figures in these processes was Professor Wen Gongyi, who was hence one of the pioneers of modern research into the history of Chinese logic. Therefore, the present article also offers a short presentation of his biography and his contributions to the development of the research into traditional Chinese logic.

Magdalena Majorek

This paper discusses the issue of a biography of a coffin from the perspective of biographical events common to many modern artefacts from the Polish territory. The aim was to identify past and present functions by determining the life cycle of a coffin: from its manufacturing (determination of its manufacturer and recipient; manufacturing techniques; the shape; the size; ornamentation) through ‘participation’ in a funeral ceremony, including transportation of the dead to the church, viewing, inhumation, the period of ‘concealment’, to its revival (e.g. as a museum exhibit). It was determined that at each stage of its ‘life’, the coffin served informative and protective purposes. Additionally, at the stage of its revival, it serves an important verification and identification function from the perspective of researchers in the field. Moreover, preservation of individual burials in coffins and crypts promotes sacral tourism; coffins in the church space have enormous exhibition potential that can be used to build a national and local community.

L.T. Bakulina, D.Kh. Valeev, I.A. Tarkhanov

This paper reviews the key periods in the life of Dmitrii Ivanovich Meyer, the famous Russian civilist, the establisher of the main principles of civil law science in Russia, Professor of Imperial Kazan University, and the founder of the Russian Civil Law School and the Kazan Law School. We have reconstructed his image based on the data from various literary sources, letters of his contemporaries, and archival documents, all describing his research and social activities. The study is based on the documents from the archives of Kazan and St. Petersburg Universities. The purpose of the investigation is a detailed analysis of D.I. Meyer’s life. His will, the main results from his dissertation “On the Ancient Russian Right of Pledge” for receiving a doctoral degree, the story told by him about his Master’s dissertation, and complete bibliography have been discussed.

A. Lara-Galera, R. Galindo-Aires, G. Guillán-Llorente

<p>Ralph B. Peck (1912–2008), graduate and doctor of philosophy in civil engineering (1934 and 1937 respectively) from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, was one of the major contributors to the development of geotechnics in the twentieth century. Born in Winnipeg (Manitoba) as an American national, he was influenced from childhood by the world of civil engineering through his father, Orwin K. Peck, who was a civil engineer, mainly as a structural engineer in the railway sector.</p> <p>In the absence of job offers as a structural engineer, Ralph Peck arrived at Harvard University in 1938 to attend the soil mechanics courses taught by Arthur Casagrande, which guided Peck's professional career towards geotechnics. In addition to Casagrande, Peck had the opportunity to meet and work with other very important people related to geotechnics: Albert E. Cummings, Laurits Bjerrum, Alec W. Skempton and especially Karl Terzaghi, with whom he established a great friendship, in addition to providing support, professional advice and performing important work, such as the Chicago Subway Works.</p> <p>Peck actively dedicated himself to consulting work, which led him to visit 44 states within the United States and 28 countries on five continents. In addition, he also participated in research work where he was asked and was a committed lecturer at the University of Illinois, where he was a professor for 32 years.</p> <p>The objective of this paper is to analyse, through Peck's biography, his contribution to the field of geotechnics based on his research, teaching and consultancy work, and through the influence of Peck on other important people in the field, such as Karl Terzaghi.</p>

Alexandre Bies

The personality of the artists is very important for Walter Pater in his critical works, because he considers that a singular temperament can provide an explanation of the piece of art. For this reason, the reflection about the individual is present in most of his texts, and especially in his fictional writings, the Imaginary Portraits. The narrative account of oneself is here treated like some virtual lives based on Pater’s own impressions. They show an ethical point of view where art could help us to extend our short life by going deeper into our own sensations.

Victor Chkhaidze

The paper presents a biography of one of the leading political figures of the Byzantine Empire in the 60s – 80s of the 11th century – Ioannes Doukas, Caesar, the monk Ignatios. Discussed in detail sigillographical the monuments associated with Ioannes – Ignatios. Recent discoveries of two seals of this functionary in Petra (near Batumi) and Matarkha (modern Taman) are linked to certain political events, taking place in these regions in the second half. 70s – early 80s of the 11th century.

Garth Mason

This article examines the forgotten historical narrative in the social history of South Africa of the unique friendship between P.Q. Vundla and Nico Ferreira. The two men stood at diametrical positions on the South African political stage - P.Q. Vundla, an ANC activist and Nico Ferreira, an Afrikaner working for the Department of Native Affairs. Their friendship was forged through their membership to the Moral Re-armament Movement, a Christian inspired international peace initiative in the mid-twentieth century. The article focuses on the beginnings of their friendship during the time of the Sophiatown forced removals in 1955. The study is a close reading of the biographies of their lives penned by the two men's wives Nchibadi Betty Kathleen Mashaba (Kathleen Vundla) - P.Q.: The story of Philip Vundla of South Africa (1973) and the Nico Ferreira's biography - In case anyone asks (2006) written by Loël Ferreira. Kathleen Vundla and Loël Ferreira's biographies provide important information about P.Q. Vundla's and Nico Ferreira's spirituality in the context of their community work and friendship. Both biographies offer privileged information about the inner life of the two men that assists in understanding their motivations behind their political work. First, they are read as mediated renderings of their respective husbands' lives and therefore the data offered is filtered through memory and interpretation. Second, the biographies have a unique status as privileged windows into two forgotten lives. The friendship between P.Q. Vundla and Nico Ferreira is an untold story of racial conciliation, religiously inspired, within a politically contested space. A nuanced analysis is required to provide an adequate explanation for the friendship between the two men. This article makes such an attempt by establishing an ethical lens via Levinas's religio-ethical writings on alterity and transcendence through which to view their friendship.

Milen L. Radell, Rosanna Sanchez, Noah Weinflash et al.

Decisions based on trust are critical for human social interaction. We judge the trustworthiness of partners in social interactions based on a number of partner characteristics as well as experiences with those partners. These decisions are also influenced by personality. The current study examined how the personality trait of behavioral inhibition, which involves the tendency to avoid or withdraw from novelty in both social and non-social situations, is related to explicit ratings of trustworthiness as well as decisions made in the trust game. In the game, healthy young adults interacted with three fictional partners who were portrayed as trustworthy, untrustworthy or neutral through biographical information. Participants could choose to keep $1 or send $3 of virtual money to a partner. The partner could then choose to send $1.5 back to the participant or to keep the entire amount. On any trial in which the participant chose to send, the partner always reciprocated with 50% probability, irrespective of how that partner was portrayed in the biography. Behavioral inhibition was assessed through a self-report questionnaire. Finally, a reinforcement learning computational model was fit to the behavior of each participant. Self-reported ratings of trust confirmed that all participants, irrespective of behavioral inhibition, perceived differences in the moral character of the three partners (trustworthiness of good > neutral > bad partner). Decisions made in the game showed that inhibited participants tended to trust the neutral partner less than uninhibited participants. In contrast, this was not reflected in the ratings of the neutral partner (either pre- or post-game), indicating a dissociation between ratings of trustworthiness and decisions made by inhibited participants. Computational modeling showed that this was due to lower initial trust of the neutral partner rather than a higher learning rate associated with loss, suggesting an implicit bias against the neutral partner. Overall, the results suggest inhibited individuals may be predisposed to interpret neutral or ambiguous information more negatively which could, at least in part, account for the tendency to avoid unfamiliar people characteristic of behaviorally inhibited temperament, as well as its relationship to anxiety disorders.

(Indexes, Biography, Author Guidelines) -

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Lucian CHIŞU

The present research focuses on the mass-media system as it evolved in the first post-communist decade. Right after December 1989, hundreds of newspapers, magazines and other kinds of publications appeared in Romania. Likewise, the number of publishing houses grew exponentially, from a few scores to thousands of titles. During the following years, the first private radio stations started broadcasting and, shortly after them, commercial televisions surpassed the national television in terms of rating. The journalistic career was embraced by thousands of people activating in all sectors of the media, who did not always have specialist studies in the field. As a natural consequence, the first faculties of journalism appeared and grew in number around the country. During this time, the professional elites emerged, yet the criteria of selection were disarmingly diverse, mostly targeting vocation and rather than, marginally, education. Our research aims to address this paradoxical situation and, on the other hand, to offer, in a broader picture, the characteristics of the landscape, the environment and characters that occupied the foreground of the journalistic stage. Regarding the elites, the emphasis lies on the sheer struggle for primacy, alongside with stunning discrepancies between some people`s biography (educational background) and their aims, which offers notable elements worth discussing. However, in view of public opinion, the journalistic elites have succeeded in raising the professional (journalistic) status to a social position regarded as superior to most public occupations, thus switching the roles they used to have during the communist dictatorship. The relationship between the writer and the journalist is also substantially adjusted by favouring the latter, after decades when, during the communist period, writers seemed to be more sensitive to the contemporary problems than journalists. The research also seeks to establish the contribution of academic journalistic studies to the dynamic of mass-media and to the perpetuation of the silent conflict between certain opinion-leaders among journalists who support professional mentorship and the sphere of academic journalistic studies, which represent the educational alternative.

S. Ware

Thomas Mann, H. T. Lowe-Porter