The Anarak ophiolite complex is in northeastern Isfahan, at the northwestern boundary of the Central Iranian Microcontinent. This complex consists of serpentinized mantle peridotites, cumulate gabbros, pillow lavas, mafic-ultramafic dikes, glaucophane-bearing metabasalts, and listvenites, which are associated with metamorphic schists of Chah-Ghorbeh, Morghab, and Patyar, as well as the Lakh marble unit. The serpentinites and listvenites in this region are recognized as host rocks for Cu, Ni, Co, Sb, and Au mineralization. The serpentinites are primarily composed of antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile, chlorite, talc, and chromian spinel, along with pyrite, chalcopyrite, nickeline, and magnetite. Through hydrothermal processes, these have been transformed into an assemblage of magnesite, dolomite, calcite, quartz, fuchsite, and secondary sulfides within the listvenites. This study focuses on the geochemical investigation of Anarak serpentinites and listvenites to analyze their origin and alteration processes. Results from geochemical diagrams indicate that the serpentinites fall within the subducted field with a harzburgitic protolith. The listvenites are predominantly of carbonate, silica-carbonate, and birbirite types, reflecting the influence of Ni-Sb-As-rich hydrothermal processes and metasomatism in their evolution. These findings highlight the economic geological significance of this complex for valuable element mineralization.
Introduction
Listvenites, resulting from carbonation alteration of ultramafic rocks by CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids, have recently gained considerable scientific interest due to their dual significance in carbon sequestration and economic potential (Beinlich et al., 2020). These rocks form through metasomatic alteration of peridotite protoliths under temperatures of 150 to 250°C and moderate pressures (Klein and Garrido, 2011) in tectonically active zones, particularly along greenstone belts and crustal-scale fault systems (Sieber et al., 2018). Petrologically, listvenites are characterized by an assemblage of magnesite ± dolomite, quartz, and relict Cr-spinel, with variable amounts of serpentine, talc, and accessory sulfides. Their precursor serpentinites exhibit geochemical signatures fundamentally controlled by protolith composition and the tectonic environment of hydration, with three principal genetic types recognized: 1) abbyssal serpentinites formed at mid-ocean ridges, 2) mantle wedge serpentinites developed in subduction interfaces, and 3) subducted serpentinites metamorphosed under high-P/T conditions (Deschamps et al., 2013).
The transformation from serpentinite to listvenite occurs through progressive carbonation reactions along structurally controlled fluid pathways, typically involving sequential replacement of serpentine minerals by silica-carbonate assemblages. This process is particularly active in subduction zone environments, transcurrent fault systems, and extensional tectonic regimes. While historically noted for their association with gold mineralization, contemporary studies reveal that listvenites may host diverse mineralization types including Ni-Co-Sb-Cu assemblages, particularly when derived from Cr-rich harzburgitic protoliths. The present investigation focuses on the geochemical evolution of listvenitized serpentinites within the Anarak ophiolite complex (Central Iran), employing whole-rock geochemistry and mineral phase analysis to clarify their alteration pathways, petrogenesis, and role in ore-forming processes. Complementary studies of serpentinite-listvenite transitions in the Anarak area aim to establish genetic relationships between progressive alteration stages and ore-forming processes.
Materials and methods
Representative serpentinite and listvenite samples were systematically collected from the Anarak ophiolitic complex, with particular focus on the Patyar and Chah-Gorbeh tectonic units, ensuring coverage of both protolith and variably altered lithologies. Detailed petrographic studies utilizing transmitted and reflected light microscopy documented primary mineral relics, alteration paragenesis, and critical microtextural relationships, with special emphasis on pseudomorphic replacement textures and vein networks indicative of progressive carbonation. Whole-rock geochemical analyses were conducted using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) for major oxides and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-OES) for minor elements at ZarAzma laboratory. Mineralogical characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Result
Petrography
The Anarak serpentinites, derived from harzburgite/lherzolite protoliths, exhibit characteristic mesh-textured lizardite (after olivine) and bastite pseudomorphs (after orthopyroxene) with relict chromian spinels. Antigorite replacement of lizardite indicates prograde overprinting of initial retrograde serpentinization. Listvenites display two alteration facies: 1) carbonate-dominated and 2) silica-rich, reflecting progressive CO2-metasomatism. Mineralization includes Au (up to 7278 ppb) associated with primary Ni-Co-Sb-Cu sulfides and secondary oxidation products.
Serpentinite Geochemistry
Geochemical analyses of Anarak-Patyar serpentinites show SiO2 (36–44 wt.%), CaO (0.5–4.5 wt.%), Al2O3(0.5–3.3 wt.%), MgO (31.6–37.3 wt.%), and LOI (11–13.8 wt.%). FeO-MgO plots (7–9 wt.% FeO) indicate uniform alteration intensity. High LOI values correlate with antigorite-dominated serpentinization (∼12% structural water), while MgO depletion reflects both mantle source depletion and magmatic fractionation. The major oxide plots of MgO versus FeO, CaO, and LOI demonstrate compositional consistency with the field of subducted serpentinites (Fig. 5).
The Anarak serpentinites, enriched in mobile trace elements such as Cs, U, Pb, and Sr, which are absent in primary peridotitic protoliths, serve as key indicators for fluid–rock interaction processes. While their major-element composition largely reflects the mantle-derived protolith, the distribution of mobile elements has been modified by the nature, composition, and physicochemical conditions of fluids (hydrothermal, seawater, or slab-derived). Enrichment in Ba, Pb, Th, U, La, Nb, and Yb relative to global serpentinites partly results from pre-serpentinization processes and partly from the infiltration of oxidizing and sediment-derived fluids during subduction. The distribution of chalcophile elements such as As, Sb, and Pb highlights the influence of subducted sediments and sediment-derived fluids, and Pb isotope signatures together with As and Sb enrichment suggest two scenarios for secondary serpentinization, in which serpentinites act as both reservoirs and carriers of mobile elements. Geochemical data on sulfides-bearing samples indicate that copper and nickel mineralization in the area are genetically independent, as evidenced by distinct trends in Ni–Co and Cu–Co plots, with Co/Ni ratios directly related to the degree of cobalt mineralization and nickel concentrations.
Listvenite Geochemistry
Major oxides show wide ranges: SiO2 (14–96 wt.%), MgO (0.07–7.32 wt.%), FeOt (1–19 wt.%), and LOI (0.6–34 wt.%), reflecting carbonation variability. CaO-SiO2 enrichment coupled with MgO loss confirms carbonate (dolomite-magnesite-calcite) formation in type-I listvenites. Patyar listvenites are distinguished by quartz-fuchsite assemblages (elevated K2O-Al2O3). Ternary diagrams position samples above the terrestrial melting line, demonstrating extensive carbonation, with Patyar specimens reaching 90 wt.% SiO2 (birbirite-like). This siliceous-carbonate spectrum correlates with observed hydrothermal alteration intensities.
Discussion
The results indicate that the Anarak and Patyar serpentinites, formed in a subduction setting, have played a significant role in concentrating and transporting ore-related elements, particularly gold. Serpentinization, involving substantial water addition (11-~14 wt.%) to peridotitic protoliths, facilitated both pervasive alteration of ultrabasic rocks and the mobilization of gold from primary opaque minerals (Fig. 5B). Gold contents (0.02-0.1 g/t) in these serpentinites are several times higher than the global average for upper mantle peridotites (0.001-0.01 g/t), reflecting secondary enrichment through subduction-related hydrothermal processes mediated by CO2-, S-, and As-rich fluids (Buisson and Leblanc, 1987). Possible sources of arsenic and sulfur include adjacent sedimentary–metamorphic host rocks, crystallized products of sulfide–arsenide melts in ultrabasic protoliths, and mantle metasomatism (Leblanc and Billaud, 1982; Buckman and Ashley, 2010). Nickel sulfides and arsenides precipitated during antigorite formation within the subduction channel, increasing As, Sb, Te, Bi, and Pb contents. Listvenites share Cr, Co, and Ni mineralogy with their serpentinite protoliths, indicating compositional inheritance, but deformation and brecciation liberated these elements, with shear zones focusing Cu-, As-, and Sb-rich ore-bearing fluids. Two main stages of listvenite formation are recognized: early carbonate-rich type I formed under CO2-, H2O-, and Ca2+-rich fluids at high pH, and later silica-rich type II formed through Si transfer from serpentine minerals under lower pH hydrothermal conditions, with associated magnetite dissolution and gold mobilization. Listvenites experienced greenschist facies metamorphism (290-340°C, 100-300 MPa), later overprinted by retrograde metamorphism during Tethys closure and post-orogenic uplift (Bagheri and Stampfli, 2008). Their silica–carbonate composition, high shear deformation, and mineralogical evidence point to a genetic link with serpentinite protoliths, with tectonic deformation controlling fluid pathways and creating localized reducing environments favorable for selective ore deposition.
Conclusion
The integrated geochemical and petrographic investigation of serpentinites and listvenites in the Anarak area reveals a complex alteration history linked to subduction zone processes. Serpentinites formed from subducted mantle peridotites underwent extensive hydration and metasomatism, promoting significant enrichment in economically important elements such as gold. Listvenites represent advanced hydrothermal alteration stages involving carbonation and silicification, which contribute to ore concentration.
This study highlights the importance of serpentinite and listvenite alteration in controlling fluid composition, metal mobility, and mineralization in subduction-related settings, emphasizing their role in economic geology exploration frameworks. Further studies integrating isotopic and fluid inclusion data could refine the understanding of fluid sources and pathways in this region.
The purpose of this study is to investigate geo-tourism and geological protection strategies. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and its method is combined (qualitative and quantitatively). The data collection and information collection tool and structured interview are structured. The statistical population of various experts has been in the relevant field of study in Lorestan Province. Seventy experts were selected by using a targeted sampling method. The unlimited exploration (Johannon method) test was used to identify and connect the strategies to geo-tourism elements of quality performance (QFD). The results of the study led to the identification of 36 strategies. So, 1) the most relevant strategies are those for protecting mountain landscapes, preserving national geo-parks and reserves, managing geographical heritage and documenting landscapes, introducing the economic values of geographical landscapes, and preventing pollution of the environmental and natural resources with the element of geographical perspective/geo-tourism. 2) Preserving land and preventing misuse of land, revitalizing geo-sites and damaged geological processes, ensuring the resiliency of tourist sites against natural disasters, introducing geological attractions and phenomena, and introducing geo-tourism areas with the highest geological background that have a relationship with geological processes. 3) Investment Strategies for the Construction of Infrastructure Facilities in the Geo-Citizens, drawing access routes to tourism attractions, using local customs and lifestyle in connection with the preservation of natural resources, and increasing public awareness to preserve the environment more closely related to tourism heritage have had the results of the oriented for the development of geo-tourism in Lorestan led to the identification of three types of short-term, medium and long-term orientation. Finally, recommendations and suggestions were made to achieve the goals of geo-tourism.IntroductionThe development of geo-tourism has many functions for local communities and is one of the appropriate solutions to deal with the problems of livelihood and unemployment. From the geocultural point of view, geo-tourism is considered a new way to develop less developed societies due to its economic efficiency. Although geo-tourism development has many benefits, the competitiveness of geo-tourism destinations and solving geo-tourism challenges and risks depends on several factors, including resources, demand conditions, management, marketing, and formulation of strategies for the destination. Developing a geo-tourism development strategy enables tourists to discover geo-sites, landscapes, and cultures and enjoy unique experiences of knowledge and sustainable development. In addition, formulating appropriate strategies can help improve the quality of life in the local community and turn destinations and areas with tourist attractions into a sustainable society. Also, developing geo-tourism strategies is a fundamental step in protecting the land and creating priorities in the management of tourist sites. Understanding and protecting landscapes, geology and geomorphology, geographic heritage, and experience of different features of geo-tourism are also promoted by formulating appropriate strategies. Therefore, it is necessary and necessary to identify the paths, strategies, and strategies of geo-tourism development to solve the challenges and sustainability of this type of tourism activities and future-oriented planning for its development.Research MethodologyThe purpose of this research is practical, and its method is combined (quantitative and qualitative). Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect information and data. Theoretical studies and the theoretical basis of the research were collected using the document-library method. This research collected information and data related to strategies for developing geo-tourism and geographical heritage in Lorestan Province through a Likert Scale questionnaire. The statistical community includes experts in various fields such as geography, tourism management, economics, social sciences, and sociology, as well as tourism specialists and elites/tour managers in Lorestan Province. Seventy samples were selected to complete the questionnaire and conduct interviews using purposeful sampling.Statistical methods (descriptive and inferential) were used to answer the research questions and analyze the data. In order to identify strategies and strategies for the development of geo-tourism in Lorestan Province, strategies and strategies for the protection of geo-tourism and geographical heritage were first identified through interviews and content analysis, and to determine the importance and prioritization of these strategies, an unlimited clustering rank test was used. Heuristic (Johansen method) was used. Then, the quality function mevelopment model (QFD) was used to investigate the importance and relationship of each geo-tourism development strategy and strategies with the critical elements of geo-tourism (geographic landscape, geological processes, tourism cultural heritage). FindingsThe exploratory unlimited co-accumulation rank test (Johansen's method) was used to investigate and analyze geo-tourism development strategies in Lorestan Province. In this test, according to special values (numerical value), while identifying and discovering the most important strategies, they can be ranked. For this, 33 strategies/strategies were considered and analyzed.Examining the Johanson test, according to the rejection of the null hypothesis at the 0.001 level, the test’s significance is considered among the 36 strategies for analyzing development strategies and strategies of geo-tourism and geographical heritage. It showed that, in order and according to the unique values, ten strategies and strategies for the protection of landscapes and mountain landscapes, waterfalls, springs, forests, pastures, and all-natural landscapes with a unique value (0.131), preserving land resources, and preventing the abuse of land resources related to tourism with a unique value (0.126), capital and investment attraction in the cultural sector and the education of native people and the promotion of tourism infrastructure with a unique value (0.123), determining the paths of development and preservation of geo-parks, national parks or reserves with a unique value (0.117), Construction of infrastructure facilities in the geo-site environment (road, residence, internet) with a unique value (0.113), restoration of the geo-site, and damaged geological processes with a special value (0.111) have been the most critical development strategies of geo-tourism and geographical heritage.Examining the Johanson test according to the rejection of the null hypothesis at the 0.005 level, the significance of the test showed that out of 36 strategies, ten strategies for preparing and increasing the resilience of tourism sites against natural and earth-building disasters (erosion, drift, creep) with a unique value (0.087) Increasing public awareness to participate in the environmental protection and tourism program with a unique value (0.084), environmental education of managers and local people and tourists themselves (0.079), recognizing and introducing the attractions and geological phenomena of the region to Tourists with a unique value (0.078), the most important critical and development strategies are geo-tourism and geographical heritage. Discussion and resultsLorestan Province in the west of the country is known as the geo-tourism capital due to its prominent cultural and local values, pristine and natural landscapes in the high Zagros, various waterfalls (it is nicknamed the land of waterfalls), and mountainous and important geological features. However, in recent years, tourism in this province has been declining after the spread of the coronavirus pandemic.The research results showed that in addition to the strategies and strategies for developing geo-tourism in Lorestan Province, the direction of future development and the prospect of geo-tourism development in Lorestan Province also needed to be developed. Based on the results, orientations have been presented in three short-term and present, medium-term, and long-term periods. So, the short-term orientation is more related to the development of geo-tourism products, the introduction of tourist attractions, and the protection of ecosystems, while the mid-term orientation is more related to investment in construction facilities and the development of geo-tourism facilities and infrastructures. And the expansion and cross-border development of geo-tourism in Lorestan Province. According to the findings, the general results of the research indicate that for the development of geo-tourism in Lorestan Province, development strategies should be used to diversify tourism types, develop unique geo-tourism products, and use geo-tourism tour programs. Be focused on these leaders. Also, the provided orientations can be used to complete the infrastructure, accommodation, and services in the tourist destination, education, and improvement and development of geo-tourism based on plans related to strategies and orientations.
Management. Industrial management, Management of special enterprises
Background. In the context of the development of informatization of society and the availability of diverse information on the Internet, adolescents have a great opportunity to expand beyond the educational institution. The formation of their social, cultural and psychological character is an important aspect for the future development of personality, since it is in adolescence that the foundations are laid for the correct definition of values, understanding of the "I" in this society. Therefore, in this context, it is important to involve adolescents in additional activities and creativity, which is possible within the framework of additional education.
The purpose of the work is to determine the degree of positive influence of clubs and sections within the framework of additional education on the formation of a teenager's personality
Materials and methods. The research materials were articles, monographs and other sources on psychological and pedagogical orientation, which allowed us to reveal the impact of additional education on personal development in adolescence. In order to qualitatively determine the degree of influence of pre-education, various methods were used, including a theoretical study of the sources of psychological and pedagogical literature. So the methods include a comparative approach and analysis. As part of the practical work, a survey was organized. In order to formulate the results and conclusions of the study, a generalization technique was applied.
Results. The main conclusions of the study are that at the present stage of the socio-cultural environment and the development of society, the formation of personal growth of adolescents is of particular importance. This area needs to be given special attention by parents and teachers, including in the framework of additional education. To understand how personal qualities are formed in adolescence, it is important to conduct research in children's groups based on institutions of additional education. In the work, as a result of theoretical analysis, an important aspect was also revealed concerning the definition and essence of the "educational environment", its characteristics. It was determined that there are several types of educational environments, but the issue of additional education and its structure is of particular interest. This study showed that additional classes in the form of clubs and sections mainly contribute to the formation of important personal orientations and values among adolescents. This factor is seen as an advantage in personal development compared to their peers who do not attend clubs and sections. The conclusions obtained in the work can be used in the work of psychologists and teachers.
EDN: EGOAMH
The study explored biodiversity preservation mechanisms inscribed in Maccaa Oromo orature with special reference to their agricultural rituals. Both primary and secondary data were used to compile data for the study. Out of the major types of qualitative research designs, the study employed ethnographic methods of data collecting tools particularly observation, in-depth interviews, and focused-group discussions. The analyses of the rituals were undertaken through ecopoetic theoretical perspective. Hence, the study revealed that the Oromo people have hoarded practical knowledge of their environment through their culture which is the outcome of their lifelong experience. Through the ethics embedded in their agricultural rites, natural resources were preserved. Also, natural environments like land, rivers, water springs, and mountain are imbued with sacredness and therefore given special care. The study thus suggests due attention to be given by the concerned bodies to the farming system which is linked to the social, cultural, and belief systems and respect for nature; the environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable development. Also, institutions that recognize the rights of the local communities to share benefits arising from local knowledge should be established.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
With the intersection of literature and the environment in the late twentieth century, the way the environment is reflected in literary works in the form of the ecosystem, to the extent that the most prominent issue in the fields of society, politics and literature, became the issue of the environment.Contemporary writers have also had a different chance of reflecting on this issue, and each of them has looked at this issue from their own point of view and has tried to express their concerns in this regard. The special view of the contemporary Jordanian poet Haidar Mahmoud on the environment has made his poetry a mirror of the whole view of nature and the environment Haidar Mahmoud has been inspired by nature and its elements in thought and imagination, content and style. The forthcoming research, considering the special importance of the environment in the contemporary era, with a descriptive-analytical approach, reads and analyzes the poetry collection of Haidar Mahmoud "Al-A'mal Al-Sha'riya" in order to observe the reflection of nature and its elements in the poet's poems. The approach of this research indicates that Haidar Mahmoud's biological and cultural experience has a major impact on the formation of his poetic discourse and the interaction of the emotional and cognitive atmosphere of his poetry. Haidar Mahmoud, in harmony with the changes and concerns of contemporary humanity, has a wide interest in nature and nature has been formed with its main elements and in a continuous relationship with his poetic imaginations and thoughts. In addition, by establishing a stable and fundamental relationship between nature and man, the poet has shown a special literary attitude in the form of some de-familiarization in connection with nature.Haidar Mahmoud has resorted to various methods to draw the audience's attention to the environment and the need to protect it. By asking frequent questions in his poems, he has been able to attract the reader's attention to the text, so much so that the audience for Reaching the answers to those questions follows the text of the poem to the end. The poet has also resorted to referential letters in order to greatly increase the audience's curiosity to follow the text in the audience to a great extent. Another way that Haidar Mahmoud has tried to make the audience try is to use Neda's style in such a way that by addressing some people, the necessity of paying attention to the ecosystem has been reminded.Haidar Mahmoud has also used an array of exaggerations in order to create more sensitivity in his audience. He considers all the previous years as autumn so that in this way he can make the need to pay attention to the ecosystem one of the concerns of the audience. The use of dark and opaque colors and their high frequency in comparison with green, which is the color of blossoming and tan, is one of the poet's tricks in motivating the audience to the need to pay attention to the environment. Haidar Mahmoud has been able to create new concerns about the environment in the audience by taking a psychic view of nature and ecological elements. The use of adverbs such as "whole day" and past participles indicates the constant and continuous invasion of some human beings into the body of nature, which the poet has been able to reflect in a clear way. Haidar Mahmoud has also been able to introduce the earth to the audience as a kind of living thing by using the array of people, to the extent that he has emphasized this in order to achieve such a purpose by using similar letters. Haidar Mahmoud's imagination, thought and poetic style have been greatly influenced by various elements of nature, so much so that his human attitude towards nature is due to the abundance of nature. The elements of nature in Haidar Mahmoud's poetry are found on two types of vital elements (water, soil, sun, sea, atmosphere, river, mud, etc.) and insignificant elements (volcano, desert, rock, etc.) that indicate their pervasiveness. His view is of nature. . In fact, nature is an integral part of Haidar Mahmoud's poetry and this has increased the frequency of nature elements in the poet's poetry to a considerable extent. The use of these elements, which is in line with the poet's specific concern and thought, which is the defense of the environment and the need to encourage the audience to preserve nature and the environment, sometimes gives the text a poetic and romantic aspect to the extent that this imagination has overcome the poetic poetic schemas. ; Hence, access to the poet's central thought is possible only by delving into the text of the poem. A nostalgic look at nature, especially in poems that express the poet's longing for home and exile, can be seen in abundance.
Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
AbstractThe present article describes the main insights deriving from the papers collected in this special issue which jointly provide a ‘room with a view’ on some of the most relevant issues in climate policy such as: the role of uncertainty, the distributional implications of climate change, the drivers and applications of decarbonizing innovation, the role of emissions trading and its interactions with companion policies. While looking at different issues and from different angles, all papers share a similar attention to policy aspects and implications, especially in developing countries. This is particularly important to evaluate whether and to what extent the climate policies adopted thus far in developed countries can be replicated in emerging economies.
In modern Russia, thanks to the development of digital technologies, the usual image of economic relations is radically changing. The list of possibilities of their application in the modern world is rapidly expanding. The con-struction of a digital economy system as the most optimal environment for the application of these technologies is the logical outcome of digital trans-formation. Against this background, virtual economic relations, electronic payment services, virtual crypto exchanges, crowdfunding are actively devel-oping, which contributes to the development of electronic money and digital currencies. These processes have increased the number of criminal manifestations, crime has been modernized, new types of crime have appeared, as well as new objects, methods and means of committing crimes. The results of the author’s comprehensive crime study indicate an increase in crimes committed using digital currency (cryptocurrency) [1, p. 89; 2, p. 287]. In this connection, consideration of the problems of its conceptual apparatus, legal regulation, study of the issues of legalization of this digital asset, criminal activities with its use may be now necessary to ensure criminological security, since national authorities do not control digital currency (cryptocurrency); it can compete with national fiat currencies and lead to their weakening. At the same time, the development of the digital currency (cryptocurrency) market and the growth of transactions is increasing daily. Sometimes they are used for criminal purposes. However, the insufficiency of its regulation is not con-ducive to the prevention of crimes in which it is the means of commission and the object of criminal activity. The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically sound proposals for improving criminal legislation and prevent-ing crimes committed both in relation to digital currency (cryptocurrency) and with their use. Methods. In the course of the study, general scientific me-thods of cognition are used, as well as special scientific methods (system-structural, formal-logical extrapolations, prognostic, documentary analysis, statistical, interviewing, etc.). The results of the study show a high level of acts committed both in relation to the digital currency and with its use. Such crimes are characterized by a high degree of public danger, determined by the damage caused to the individual, society and the state, as well as the commission of acts by representatives of transnational organized crime, characteristics of the object and means of committing such crimes, social consequences, and a high level of latency. The relevance and expediency of criminalization of these crimes is proved, as evidenced by crime statistics, materials of judi-cial practice, the nature and degree of their public danger, and the possibility of influencing them by legal means. Proposals have been prepared and pre-sented to improve criminal legislation in the field of preventing crimes com-mitted using digital currency (cryptocurrency).
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Svitlana Khalatur, Igor Vinichenko, Dmytro Volovyk
The purpose of the article is to study the key features of modern business processes and outsourcing. The subject-matter of the study is the methodological and conceptual foundations of the development process of modern business and outsourcing activities. Methodology. The research is based on a set of well-known general scientific and special methods of research in economics. In particular, the method of scientific abstraction, the method of systematic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling were used in the article. Conclusion. Many types of modern work can be outsourced. Thus, this will eventually lead to a confrontation between protected freelancers and freelancers whose employment is not regulated at the legislative level. The world is changing much faster, the labor market is undeniably affected when most jobs are simplified by technology; one of the consequences is a departure from the usual regulated labor relations and structures. The work environment and the environment are changing radically today. New forms of cooperation can take legal relations beyond legal regulation in those countries that fail to adapt their legislation in time to new rapidly evolving business strategies, which often lack the concept of territorial boundaries and mostly demand talent for effective solutions. With the help of constructed multifactor regression models, which are adequate to the available statistical and calculated data and have high degrees of significance of the estimated parameters, it is possible to predict changes in the simulated economic phenomenon as a result of changes in one or more factors. It should be noted that such models today are not sustainable in the long run, as in the Ukrainian and global economies, the external environment and its conditions change quite often. Therefore, in the future it is advisable to calculate new parameters of regression models based on the presented methods and make predictions according to the obtained data. In authors’ opinion, the main reason for the increase in the share of outsourcing in Europe in the coming years is the strengthening of competition in the world market and the growth of the euro. It is believed that traditionally vertically integrated business processes will be broken into fragments and partially outsourced. This will allow European companies to increase their revenues and production volumes.
Liquid hydrogen is the main fuel of large-scale low-temperature heavy-duty rockets, and has become the key direction of energy development in China in recent years. As an important application carrier in the large-scale storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen, liquid hydrogen cryogenic storage and transportation containers are the key equipment related to the national defense security of China’s aerospace and energy fields. Due to the low temperature of liquid hydrogen (20 K), special requirements have been put forward for the selection of materials for storage and transportation containers including the adaptability of materials in a liquid hydrogen environment, hydrogen embrittlement characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermophysical properties of liquid hydrogen temperature, which can all affect the safe and reliable design of storage and transportation containers. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to systematically master the types and properties of cryogenic materials for the development of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation containers. With the wide application of liquid hydrogen in different occasions, the requirements for storage and transportation container materials are not the same. In this paper, the types and applications of cryogenic materials commonly used in liquid hydrogen storage and transportation containers are reviewed. The effects of low-temperature on the mechanical properties of different materials are introduced. The research progress of cryogenic materials and low-temperature performance data of materials is introduced. The shortcomings in the research and application of cryogenic materials for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation containers are summarized to provide guidance for the future development of container materials. Among them, stainless steel is the most widely used cryogenic material for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation vessel, but different grades of stainless steel also have different applications, which usually need to be comprehensively considered in combination with its low temperature performance, corrosion resistance, welding performance, and other aspects. However, with the increasing demand for space liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, the research on high specific strength cryogenic materials such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, or composite materials is also developing. Aluminum alloy liquid hydrogen storage and transportation containers are widely used in the space field, while composite materials have significant advantages in being lightweight. Hydrogen permeation is the key bottleneck of composite storage and transportation containers. At present, there are still many technical problems that have not been solved.
I propose that Gary Snyder’s bioregional project can contribute to recent ecopoetic thought with its argument for poetry as embodied practice and with its definition of community as place-based, transnational, and multi-species. I start by showing continuities between bioregionalism and ecocriticism with the concept of place. I then turn to Snyder’s conceptualization of place as a dialectics between the biotic and sociopolitical dimensions. For Snyder poetry is a situated and embodied practice of investigation and creation of place. It therefore relates with recent discussions on ecopoetics as a critical and poetic practice extended to ecologically oriented forms of community action and activism (Hume and Osborne 2018, 2). As an example of how current ecopoetry practices a poetics of place I briefly discuss Allison Cobb’s Plastic: An Autobiography (2015).
Environmental protection, Special types of environment