Hasil untuk "River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)"

KONG Wei-na, LEI Wen-tao, XU Jiang-yu, XIONG Zheng-wei

[Objective] The Yangtze River is the most important east-west axis for the development of territorial space and provides a foundation for urban agglomeration planning, industrial development, and transportation in Jiangsu Province. Implementing protection and utilization planning of the Yangtze River shoreline is a practical measure to promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and to support integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. Given the high intensity and complexity of Yangtze River shoreline utilization in Jiangsu Province, this study conducts an implementation evaluation of protection and utilization planning in Jiangyin City. [Methods] From different perspectives such as shoreline utilization project types, shoreline functional zones, and the “production-living-ecological” utilization types, the status of shoreline utilization in Jiangyin City was reviewed and analyzed for the base year (2018) and the recent level year (2025). Changes, characteristics, and key problems of shoreline utilization were identified, and the phased planning outcomes and their implementation under protection and utilization planning were evaluated for the recent level year. [Results] The results showed that protection and utilization planning of the Yangtze River shoreline provided important guidance and that current utilization reached the main planning goals. Specifically, they mainly included: (1) the number of shoreline utilization projects decreased from 104 to 92 since 2018, and utilization rate of the shoreline declined from 80.1% to 66.0%. Across the 92 shoreline utilization projects, the overall proportion of shoreline length in the “production-living-ecological” types was 40∶5∶55. The production shoreline length of Xiagang Street had the highest proportion compared to other streets, reaching 73.3%, while Shengang Street had the highest proportion of living shoreline length (8.5%), and Chengjiang Street had the highest proportion of ecological shoreline length (90.5%), consistent with the functional distribution across streets. (2) Three stages of shoreline utilization were identified: rapid development and intensified utilization from 2000 to 2015, a shift toward governance and protection from 2016 to 2020, and improved efficiency of intensive utilization since 2021. The proportions of the three categories tended to stabilize, and the ecological environment along the Yangtze River in Jiangyin City improved substantially. However, increasing the retention rate of natural shoreline remained challenging. (3) The planned proportions of the three types were 46∶18∶36 for the recent level year (2025), and 42∶18∶40 for the long-term level year (2035). Following the implementation of the plan and related actions for the management and protection of rivers and lakes, the proportion of production shoreline was reduced to below the planned requirement for the long-term level year (2035), while the proportion of ecological shoreline was increased to above the planned requirement. Nevertheless, there are still risks in implementing certain specific arrangements of the plan, and dismantling some utilization projects in Jiangyin City continues to be difficult. [Conclusion] This study proposes targeted countermeasures to support the management and protection of rivers and lakes in Jiangyin City, including improving coordination among plans, continuously enhancing the efficiency of shoreline utilization, and strengthening process supervision of shoreline utilization projects. Accordingly, the shoreline protection and utilization planning in Jiangyin City can serve as a representative reference for the other seven cities along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. Meanwhile, the planning review and evaluation study represents an innovative approach for river and lake management in the Yangtze River Basin. At the beginning of the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the study can also serve as a summative evaluation example for other special water conservancy plans from the 14th Five-Year Plan period, as well as a reference for planning during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

CUI Pei, XIAO Yaoxuan, ZHANG Zhen

In order to scientifically, systematically, and comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of digital twin water conservancy engineering construction and solve the problems of uneven development and scattered technical routes in digital twin water conservancy engineering construction, this study constructed a set of digital twin water conservancy engineering evaluation system. This evaluation system is strictly based on the core requirements of China's Ministry of Water Resources, featuring "demand-driven, application-oriented, digital empowerment, and capacity enhancement", to ensure that the system conforms to national policy guidance and actual engineering needs. This study divided the maturity of digital twin water conservancy engineering construction from low to high into four levels, namely L1 level (digital mapping, virtual real interaction: realizing the digital mapping of all elements and processes of the project, and dynamic real-time interaction and synchronization between physical and digital engineering), L2 level (intelligent prediction, virtual real integration: integrating multi-source information from the data base, developing mechanism models and mathematical statistical models, simulating the operation process), L3 level (precise scheduling, virtual real optimization: integrating the data base and models, conducting rehearsals and multi scheme optimization comparisons, warning risks in advance and assisting decision-making), and L4 level (autonomous optimization, virtual real symbiosis: applying artificial intelligence technology to achieve autonomous learning and optimization iteration). This evaluation system consists of six dimensions, 19 indicators, and 67 evaluation factors. The six dimensions are information infrastructure capability, digital twin platform capability, business application capability, network security capability, guarantee capability, and expansion capability. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation model for digital twin water conservancy projects was constructed based on this and evaluated and verified through a typical water conservancy hub project to obtain specific evaluation scores for different dimensions, indicators, and evaluation factors, forming an evaluation of the digital twin water conservancy project. The final results show that this evaluation system can complete a comprehensive, systematic, and accurate evaluation of the digital twin water conservancy project. At the same time, by providing examples of the same digital twin water conservancy project, it has been verified that this evaluation system has dynamic adaptability and can complete comprehensive evaluations from multiple dimensions, as well as personalized evaluations from a single dimension. At the same time, this evaluation system can identify various construction shortcomings of digital twin water conservancy projects, guide their future technological development directions, strengthen their departmental control and refinement, and provide standards for their assessment and evaluation in different forms.

WAN Fa, LI Hai-feng, HUANG Wei-ping et al.

To address the challenges of non-destructive testing of underwater concrete structures, an innovative underwater impact echo detection device is introduced and its performance is evaluated through experiments on indoor underwater concrete samples with defects. In the process of device development, this study compares electric excitation and pneumatic excitation and explores the applicability of the ICP accelerometer and the hydrophone in underwater impact echo concrete testing. According to the results, (1) the combination of electric excitation and ICP accelerometers enables the precise identification of defect areas, depths, and the sample's thickness; (2) electric excitation demonstrates superior signal stability and consistency over pneumatic excitation, while the latter potentially leads to signal distortion; (3) hydrophones can identify the defect areas, but provide insufficient precision for determining their depth. A scientific foundation and technical support are provided for underwater concrete defect detection, and a reference is offered for related engineering practice.

Ahmed Al-Taani, Nazem El Radaideh, Wesam Al Kateeb et al.

Jordan has long faced severe water scarcity, which has significant implications for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. This crisis is further exacerbated by climate change, population growth, regional conflicts, and unsustainable water use. In response, Jordan has focused heavily on dam construction to secure water supplies, despite the high financial and environmental costs. However, rapid sedimentation threatens dam storage capacity and operational efficiency, reducing their lifespan and long-term sustainability. This study evaluates the feasibility of sediment removal as an alternative to constructing new dams, considering environmental, technical, agricultural, and economic factors. The research is based on case studies from King Talal and Mujib dams, integrating water and sediment quality assessments, cost analyses, and comparisons with regional studies from similar climatic and hydrological conditions. The findings suggest that while sediment removal presents logistical and economic challenges, it can restore lost reservoir capacity and provide valuable agricultural benefits. The potential reuse of dredged sediments for soil enhancement offers an opportunity for sustainable farming, reducing reliance on costly fertilisers. Given the increasing costs and environmental concerns associated with new dam construction, sediment management emerges as a viable, cost-effective strategy for optimising Jordan’s existing water infrastructure, enhancing water security, and promoting sustainable resource management.

Xin-chen Wang, Pei Xin, Zeng Zhou et al.

Salt marshes are among the most important coastal wetlands and provide critical ecological services, including climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, and blue carbon sequestration. However, most salt marshes worldwide are shrinking, owing to the effects of natural and human factors, such as climate change and artificial reclamation. Therefore, it is essential to understand the decline in the morphological processes of salt marshes, and accordingly, the likely evolution of these marshes, in order to enable measures to be taken to mitigate this decline. To this end, this study presented an extensive systematic review of the current state of morphological models and their application to salt marshes. The emergence of process-based (PB) and data-driven (DD) models has contributed to the development of morphological models. In morphodynamic simulations in PB models, multiple physical and biological factors (e.g., the hydrodynamics of water bodies, sediment erosion, sediment deposition, and vegetation type) have been considered. The systematic review revealed that PB models have been extended to a broader interdisciplinary field. Further, most DD models are based on remote sensing database for the prediction of morphological characteristics with latent uncertainty. Compared to DD models, PB models are more transparent but can be complex and require a lot of computational power. Therefore, to make up for the shortcomings of each model, future studies could couple PB with DD models that consider vegetation, microorganisms, and benthic animals together to simulate or predict the biogeomorphology of salt marsh systems. Nevertheless, this review found that there is a lack of unified metrics to evaluate model performance, so it is important to define clear objectives, use multiple metrics, compare multiple models, incorporate uncertainty, and involve experts in the field to provide guidance in the further study.

Muhammad Nadeem Mirza, Nazish Mahmood

This study, while detailing the processes of securitisation and de-securitisation of a non-traditional security issue, deliberates on the water scarcity in Pakistan. It addresses the question that whether the problem of not giving importance to water scarcity lies with the ‘intent’ or ‘capacity’ of the actors – the elite. Or the securitisation is done by the actors ‘only’ to achieve their political objectives? This qualitative embedded case study deals with the rhetoric about the construction of the Diamer Basha Dam in order to address the water scarcity around the 2018 elections. The study finds that the securitisation of non-tradition security issues translates the elite's (securitising actors) political rhetoric (speech acts) into policy. The same elite de-securitises the issues after realising their political goals by removing the ‘speech acts’ from the equation. HIGHLIGHTS Non-traditional security issues, such as water scarcity, are as important as traditional security issues.; If the non-traditional security issues are not securitised, there exists a lesser chance that the public will support the state's position.; Securitising actors' ‘speech acts’ are carried out, deliberated, and explained by the civil society in order to influence the ‘audience’.;

Saba Mirza Alipour, Kolbjørn Engeland, Joao Leal

Sensitivity analysis is a commonly used technique in hydrological modeling for different purposes, including identifying the influential parameters and ranking them. This paper proposes a simplified sensitivity analysis approach by applying the Taguchi design and the ANOVA technique to 2D hydrodynamic flood simulations, which are computationally intensive. This approach offers an effective and practical way to rank the influencing parameters, quantify the contribution of each parameter to the variability of the outputs, and investigate the possible interaction between the input parameters. A number of 2D flood simulations have been carried out using the proposed combinations by Taguchi (L27 and L9 orthogonal arrays) to investigate the influence of four key input parameters, namely mesh size, runoff coefficient, roughness coefficient, and precipitation intensity. The results indicate that the methodology is adequate for sensitivity analysis, and that the precipitation intensity is the dominant parameter. Furthermore, the model calibration based on local variables (cross-sectional water level) can be inaccurate to simulate global variables (flooded area). HIGHLIGHTS A Taguchi–ANOVA approach can be used as an efficient sensitivity analysis method in 2D flood modeling.; Necessity of considering both local- and global-scale calibrations is shown.; The great importance of accurate estimation of precipitation intensity in flood simulation is presented.; Mesh refinement sometimes can affect the results negatively.; The significance of the input parameters can change depending on the hydrological conditions.;

Jaydeep Jivani, Meka Srinivasarao, Anand P. Dhanwani

Multiproduct batch plants are seriously affected by improper production schedules and inefficient wastewater handling. These batch process industries consume massive amounts of fresh water for process and multiple washings of process equipment. Primary objective of the present work is to minimize freshwater intake through proper handling and reuse of wastewater. This paper proposes an optimal methodology of wastewater recycle to address the environmental and economic issues. We explore the possibility of recycling reusable water before sending it to Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) for treatment. We formulated a constraint, mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimization model, to simultaneously address environmental and economic issues for a multiproduct batch plant. The model applied to a process involving multiple washes and multiple storage tanks having pre-specified concentration limits. This model provides the amount of recyclable wash water, overall freshwater demand and effluent generation. The reported case study suggests that the freshwater reduction is in the range of 40–60%. We also performed dynamic simulations using the MATLAB-GAMS interface to monitor dynamic variation in the height of waste water in segregation tanks due to dynamic variation in wash water generation.

HUANG Binbin, GE Liming, XU Xian et al.

This paper simulates the dam break of Hongqi reservoir by HEC-RAS software,studies the discharge hydrograph of breach,the local flow pattern downstream of the breach,the propagation of dam break flood wave in flood area and the life loss caused by dam break flood,discusses the distribution of flood velocity and flood inundation depth,and draws the risk map of inundation depth.After analysis of the discharge hydrograph of breach,it is found that the larger the instantaneous breach size is,the greater the initial discharge is,and the faster the initial discharge hydrograph changes,while the smaller the breach size is,the slower the discharge hydrograph changes.Based on the evaluation of life loss caused by dam break flood,the loss of life and its severity coefficient are lower when the alarm time is longer.When there is no alarm,the life loss reaches 210.When the alarm time is 1 hour,the loss of life is obviously reduced,and the life loss is 0 when the alarm time is 3.5 hours.

FANG Shenguang, HUANG Daizhong, LAN Xiaofeng

This paper establishes the hydrodynamic model and mathematical pollutant transport and diffusion model of long distance river channel and cascade reservoir and verifies the models by analytic solutions of pollutant transport and diffusion, and sets up eleven dispatching modes of single reservoir and conducts simulation according to the sudden water pollution accident occurred at different locations at the upper or lower reaches of a reservoir. The results show that: when a sudden water pollution accident occurred at the lower reach, if the pollutant concentration is the sensitive factor of targeted lower reach, a dispatching mode with large flow and short duration is more appropriate for a short-distance reservoir at the upper reach. However, if the reservoir is too far away from the targeted reach, it is difficult to control the pollutant concentration in the targeted reach with the reservoir dispatching mode. If the out-of-limit time of pollutants is a sensitive factor of the targeted reach, a dispatching model with moderate flow and short duration is suitable for a reservoir within a proper distance from the targeted reach.When a sudden pollution accident occurred within a reservoir, if the reservoir area is an important functional area, the discharge facilities of the reservoir should be turned on as soon as possible to reduce the concentration and retention time of the pollutant in the reservoir. However, if the targeted lower reach is an important functional section, it is necessary to delay the turning on of the reservoir and reduce the discharge flow as much as possible to reduce the impact on the targeted lower reach.

Débora Bessi, Marcel Okamoto Tanaka, Lara Aranha da Costa et al.

ABSTRACT Although the effects of land use changes on hydrological functioning are widely addressed, issues such as which components of the hydrological system are affected, how and on what time scales are still poorly understood. In this context, we evaluated whether forest restoration improves soil water conditions in a Cerrado area, and whether the combined effects of forest structure and hydrological variables influence soil attributes. For this, we monitored three areas in different stages of natural succession over seven months, and evaluated vegetation structure indicators, hydrological indicators and soil indicators. Vegetation structure variables were analyzed with Principal Components Analysis, and to evaluate the direct and indirect effects among the variables we used structural equations modelling. Each successional stage differed in relation to forest structure, affecting the hydrological processes and causing the improvement of soil attributes with forest development. In the initial stage, throughfall was higher due to the more open vegetation, and the soil was more resistant to penetration. With the development of the vegetation, stemflow and interception also increased. As a result of the structural and hydrological changes, the model indicated that soil moisture was influenced directly by throughfall and stemflow, as well as by soil resistance to penetration and infiltration rates, and indirectly by forest structure, which influenced these variables, except infiltration rates. These results suggest that hydrological variables can be good indicators of forest restoration monitoring, providing a direct link to changes in soil conditions.

David Stevenson

A distinguished civil engineer, David Stevenson (1815–86) continued his father's work of designing and building lighthouses around the coast of his native Scotland. His three-month tour of the United States and Canada in 1837 resulted in this highly detailed and unprecedented survey, first published in 1838. Stevenson covers a large number of engineering works, ranging from lighthouses and canals through to roads, bridges and railways. Notably, Stevenson's praise for North America's faster and sleeker steam vessels led British shipbuilders to emulate the models he describes and illustrates in this text. The work remains a historically valuable assessment of the continent's infrastructure at a time of great industrial expansion. Stevenson's The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering, 2nd edition (1872) and his Life of Robert Stevenson (1878), a biography of his father, are also reissued in this series.

J. Dawidek, B. Ferencz

Abstract. This study is the first attempt in the literature on the subject of comparing water balance equations for floodplain lake basins depending on the type of connection the lake has to its parent river. Where confluent lakes (upstream connections) were concerned, it was only possible to apply a classic water balance equation. When dealing with contrafluent lakes (downstream connections) as well as lakes with a complex recharge type (contrafluent–confluent) modified equations were created. The hydrological type of a lake is decided by high water flow conditions and, consequently, the duration of potamophase (connection with a river) and limnophase (the isolation of the lake), which determine the values of particular components and the proportion of the vertical to horizontal water exchange rate. Confluent lakes are characterised by the highest proportion of horizontal components (the inflow and runoff of river water) to the vertical ones (precipitation and evaporation). The smallest differences occur with respect to a contrafluent lake. In the case of confluent lakes, the relationship between water balance components resulted from the consequent water flow through the basin, consistent with the slope of the river channel and valley. The supplying channels of contrafluent lakes had an obsequent character, which is why the flow rate was lower. Lakes with a complex, contrafluent–confluent recharge type showed intermediate features. After a period of slow contrafluent recharge, the inflow of water through a downstream crevasse from the area of the headwater of the river was activated; this caused a radical change of flow conditions into confluent ones. The conditions of water retention in lake basins were also varied. Apart from hydrological recharge, also the orographic features of the catchment areas of the lakes played an important role here, for example, the distance from the river channel, the altitude at which a given catchment was located within the floodplain and the complexity of the channels of fluvial-water inflow.

G. P. Grant, D. Major, G. Scholes et al.

This presentation will provide an overview of the scientific principles behind Self- Sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation (STAR), and summarize the six years of proof-of-concept research that has been successfully conducted to date. In addition, this presentation will provide the design and results of an in situ STAR pilot study at a former cresol manufacturing facility in New Jersey that was designed to test STAR at a large scale and under saturated conditions (i.e., below ground surface and below the water table).

Larissa Silva e Silva, Itabaraci N. Cavalcante, Wellington G. Guerra Junior et al.

O objetivo deste trabalho é de estudar a qualidade das águas subterrâneas captadas por poços tubulares em Missão Velha e Milagres (1.237 km2) localizados ao Sul do Ceará, a 460 km de Fortaleza. A metodologia adotada foi Levantamento bibliográfico, Cadastramento de poços tubulares e análises de água, Tratamento e integração dos dados. De acordo com os parâmetros analisados (Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, Fe++, HCO3-, CO3--, SO4--, Cl-, NO3-, SiO2, STD, dureza, condutividade elétrica e pH), 73% das amostras estão dentro do padrão de potabilidade estabelecido da Portaria nº518 do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil de 25/03/2004.