Hasil untuk "Renewable energy sources"

Kwi‐Il Park, Minbaek Lee, Yuehan Liu et al.

D. Hertem, M. Ghandhari

Gang He, Jiang Lin, F. Sifuentes et al.

The costs for solar photovoltaics, wind, and battery storage have dropped markedly since 2010, however, many recent studies and reports around the world have not adequately captured such dramatic decrease. Those costs are projected to decline further in the near future, bringing new prospects for the widespread penetration of renewables and extensive power-sector decarbonization that previous policy discussions did not fully consider. Here we show if cost trends for renewables continue, 62% of China’s electricity could come from non-fossil sources by 2030 at a cost that is 11% lower than achieved through a business-as-usual approach. Further, China’s power sector could cut half of its 2015 carbon emissions at a cost about 6% lower compared to business-as-usual conditions. The decrease in costs of renewable energy and storage has not been well accounted for in energy modelling, which however will have a large effect on energy system investment and policies. Here the authors incorporated recent decrease in costs of renewable energy and storages to refine the pathways to decarbonize China’s power system by 2030 and show that if such cost trends for renewables continue, more than 60% of China’s electricity could come from non-fossil sources by 2030 at a cost that is about 10% lower than achieved through a business-as-usual approach.

A. Anderson, B. Rezaie

Abstract Rapid population growth as well as modern technology reliance lead to a greater demand for energy consumption. An ever growing focus on creating sustainable environment requires energy sources to be used with caution. Two effective solutions to address these concerns include utilizing renewable energy resources and increasing efficiencies of current technologies. Geothermal energy provides a renewable energy source that has potential to supply reasonable amounts of electricity, heating, and cooling. The present research elaborates upon methods of harnessing energy using various geothermal technologies. Various methods of performance improvement, as well as integration of geothermal technology with other renewable energy sources are also discussed. The environmental impact and economic viability of the technology are mapped as well. The advantages and disadvantages of the technology and opportunities for improvement are explored based on the recent studies. Briefly, the potential role of geothermal technology in a sustainable future is discussed in the study. Finally, the prospective topics of future research are presented for further investigation.

Emrah Bıyık, M. Araz, A. Hepbasli et al.

Renewable and sustainable energy generation technologies have been in the forefront due to concerns related to environment, energy independence, and high fossil fuel costs. As part of the EU’s 2020 targets, it is aimed to reach a 20% share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption by 2020, according to EU’s renewable energy directive. Within this context national renewable energy targets were set for each EU country ranging between 10% (for Malta) and 49% (for Sweden). A large share of renewable energy research has been devoted to photovoltaic systems which harness the solar energy to generate electrical power. As an application of the PV technology, building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems have attracted an increasing interest in the past decade, and have been shown as a feasible renewable power generation technology to help buildings partially meet their load. In addition to BIPV, building integrated photovoltaic/thermal systems (BIPV/T) provide a very good potential for integration into the building to supply both electrical and thermal loads. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed the BIPV and BIPVT applications in terms of energy generation amount, nominal power, efficiency, type and performance assessment approaches. The two fundamental research areas in the BIPV and BIPVT systems are observed to be i) improvements on system efficiency by ventilation, hence obtaining a higher yield with lowering the panel temperature ii) new thin film technologies that are well suited for building integration. Several approaches to achieve these objectives are reported in the literature as presented in this paper. It is expected that this comprehensive review will be beneficial to researchers and practitioners involved or interested in the design, analysis, simulation, and performance evaluation, financial development and incentives, new methods and trends of BIPV systems.

M. Ahmadi, Mahyar Ghazvini, M. Sadeghzadeh et al.

Negative environmental impact of fossil fuel consumption highlight the role of renewable energy sources and give them a unique opportunity to grow and improve. Among renewable energy sources solar energy attract more attention and many studies have focused on using solar energy for electricity generation. Here, in this study, solar energy technologies are reviewed to find out the best option for electricity generation. Using solar energy to generate electricity can be done either directly and indirectly. In the direct method, PV modules are utilized to convert solar irradiation into electricity. In the indirect method, thermal energy is harnessed employing concentrated solar power (CSP) plants such as Linear Fresnel collectors and parabolic trough collectors. In this paper, solar thermal technologies including soar trough collectors, linear Fresnel collectors, central tower systems, and solar parabolic dishes are comprehensively reviewed and barriers and opportunities are discussed. In addition, a comparison is made between solar thermal power plants and PV power generation plants. Based on published studies, PV‐based systems are more suitable for small‐scale power generation. They are also capable of generating more electricity in a specific area in comparison with CSP‐based systems. However, based on economic considerations, CSP plants are better in economic return.

S. Razavi, E. Rahimi, M. Javadi et al.

Abstract During recent decades with the power system restructuring process, centralized energy sources are being replaced with decentralized ones. This phenomenon has resulted in a novel concept in electric power systems, particularly in distribution systems, known as Distributed Generation (DG). On one hand, utilizing DG is important for secure power generation and reducing power losses. On the other hand, widespread use of such technologies introduces new challenges to power systems such as their optimal location, protection devices' settings, voltage regulation, and Power Quality (PQ) issues. Another key point which needs to be considered relates to specific DG technologies based on Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), such as wind and solar, due to their uncertain power generation. In this regard, this paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of DG and investigates the newly emerging challenges arising in the presence of DG in electrical grids.

Marco Liserre, G. Buticchi, Markus Andresen et al.

R. Felseghi, E. Carcadea, M. Răboacă et al.

The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. The stationary applications sector is one of the most important energy consumers. Harnessing the potential of renewable energy worldwide is currently being considered to find alternatives for obtaining energy by using technologies that offer maximum efficiency and minimum pollution. In this context, new energy generation technologies are needed to both generate low carbon emissions, as well as identifying, planning and implementing the directions for harnessing the potential of renewable energy sources. Hydrogen fuel cell technology represents one of the alternative solutions for future clean energy systems. This article reviews the specific characteristics of hydrogen energy, which recommends it as a clean energy to power stationary applications. The aim of review was to provide an overview of the sustainability elements and the potential of using hydrogen as an alternative energy source for stationary applications, and for identifying the possibilities of increasing the share of hydrogen energy in stationary applications, respectively. As a study method was applied a SWOT analysis, following which a series of strategies that could be adopted in order to increase the degree of use of hydrogen energy as an alternative to the classical energy for stationary applications were recommended. The SWOT analysis conducted in the present study highlights that the implementation of the hydrogen economy depends decisively on the following main factors: legislative framework, energy decision makers, information and interest from the end beneficiaries, potential investors, and existence of specialists in this field.

Farid Katiraei, J. Agüero

Mahesh Kumar, S. K. Sansaniwal, P. Khatak

Parvathi R.V.L.N.S., Gowthami K., Tejeswararao P. et al.

The main objective of this study is to develop a high-efficiency bidirectional DC-DC converter capable of ensuring reliable power exchange within Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and improving the lifespan of series-connected batteries through precise management of charging and discharging processes. The proposed work aims to achieve stable voltage–current regulation and effective battery protection under varying load and supply conditions. To accomplish these objectives, a Multiport Bidirectional Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC)–Luo Converter (MB-SLC) is designed, which operate efficiently in both boost and buck modes. In addition, a cascaded Proportional–Integral (PI) control architecture is implemented for regulating the voltage, the current, and the State of Charge (SOC) with high precision. The proposed converter and control performance are validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations conducted under diverse operating scenarios. The results demonstrate smooth voltage and current profiles, rapid transient response, accurate SOC tracking, reduced ripple levels, and high conversion efficiency of 96% in step-up mode and 95.7% in step-down mode. These outcomes confirm the ability of the proposed system to maintain reliable power exchange while minimizing stress on the battery. The significance of the obtained results lies in their contribution to enhancing battery protection, extending operational lifespan, and providing a robust solution for renewable energy–integrated ESS. By combining advanced converter topology with cascaded PI control, the study offers a practical and scalable approach to improving energy storage reliability, efficiency, and sustainability.

Sutthinee Keawmaungkom, Supatra Patrawoot, Panithi Wiroonpochit et al.

Prevulcanization of natural rubber (NR) latex is a key process in producing diverse rubber products, as it governs their mechanical performance. Conventional sulfur prevulcanization is widely used owing to its simplicity and low cost, yet it poses environmental and health concerns due to zinc-based accelerators and sulfur compounds. This study compared five prevulcanization processes (sulfur-based; UV irradiation from fluorescent lamps, UV-Flu; UV from light emitting diodes, UV-LED; electron beam, EB; X-ray irradiation) using life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Laboratory experiments established the life cycle inventory (LCI) for processes that were then scaled up to industrial production scenarios. Measurements confirmed that all processes produced films that met ASTM requirements (Standard D3578–19). The LCA showed that EB irradiation minimized the environmental burdens because of short irradiation times and high throughput. X-ray prevulcanization resulted in the highest impact, driven by a high energy requirement and low productivity. UV-LED outperformed UV-Flu, reflecting higher efficiency of LED lamps and their longer life compared to fluorescent lights. The LCCA revealed sulfur-based process to be the most economic (US$ 1.48 kg−1), followed by UV-LED (US$ 4.38 kg−1) and the EB (US$ 10.56 kg−1). The X-ray process was prohibitively expensive (US$ 203.83 kg−1) and environmentally the most burdensome. Overall, the UV-LED and EB processes were most sustainable, especially if these technologies were developed further to reduce energy input and the hardware costs.

L. Maharjan, S. Inoue, Hirofumi Akagi et al.

Liping Xue, Yuegang Tang, Shuo Gao

This study used a gold tube thermal simulation experiment to investigate the release of gases, the formation of free sulfur-containing compounds, and the evolution of coal macromolecules and organic sulfur structures. Results indicate that at Easy%Ro = 0.71, the drying coefficient (C1/ΣC1–5) of high-organic‑sulfur coal is significantly higher than that of low-organic‑sulfur coal. When Easy%Ro ≥ 3.64, the organic sulfur content in coal significantly promotes methane generation. At Easy%Ro = 1.75, small molecules of free organic sulfur are most abundant in coal. At Easy%Ro ≥ 3.64, low and high-organic‑sulfur coals produce elemental sulfur S8 and ester sulfate compounds. FTIR analysis reveals that high-organic‑sulfur coal contains more aliphatic hydrocarbon structures, resulting in lower aromaticity parameter I than low-organic‑sulfur coal at the same coalification level. In contrast, the hydrocarbon generation potential factor “A” is higher, indicating that organic sulfur inhibits coal aromatization, and high-organic‑sulfur coal has a higher hydrocarbon generation potential. XPS analysis shows that thiophene and sulfoxide are relatively more abundant in high-organic‑sulfur coal, with the highest reaching 91.24 % in SHOS coal. The aromaticity of organic sulfur rapidly increases when Easy%Ro < 1.75, followed by possible inhibition of thiophenic sulfur production by sulfones and sulfoxides in coal, resulting in decreased aromaticity.

Hayder A. Alrazen, Saiied M. Aminossadati, Hussein A. Mahmood et al.

Abstract The valorisation of plastic waste through diverse recycling technologies offers a strategic response to the escalating global plastic crisis, combining waste reduction with resource and energy recovery. This review critically examines both conventional and emerging methods—including mechanical recycling, incineration for energy recovery, pyrolysis, gasification, hydrogenation, hydrocracking, and solvent-based treatments—focusing on their technical efficacy, environmental footprint, and economic feasibility. Mechanical recycling remains the most widely adopted method, involving collection, sorting, grinding, washing, drying, and granulation processes. However, challenges such as polymer degradation, contamination, and incompatibility among mixed plastics limit the quality and applicability of recycled products. Advanced sorting technologies, including Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and electrostatic separation, are increasingly employed to enhance recycling outcomes. Incineration provides energy in the form of electricity, heat, or steam while significantly reducing waste volume, yet it raises environmental concerns due to the release of toxic gases and particulates. Chemical recycling emerges as a critical pillar of the circular plastic economy, enabling the breakdown of polymers into valuable chemical feedstocks. Techniques such as pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrocracking produce valuable by-products, including char, syngas, and bio-oil. The review underscores the potential of integrating incineration with carbon capture technologies to mitigate emissions and improve sustainability. It advocates for region-specific strategies supported by comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessments. This work provides a comparative framework to inform the selection of recycling technologies, guide policy development, and identify research priorities in advancing plastic waste valorisation.

Sima Hellmers, Hao Qiu, Bengi Yagmurlu et al.

Slag products resulting from the pyrometallurgical recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit considerable potential as a secondary source of raw materials, particularly regarding the critical element lithium. Similar to ore processing, comminution is the primary method for liberating lithium-bearing phases. This study examines the impact of milling parameters on the separation behavior of lithium-containing phases prior to hydrometallurgical treatments for recovery. The selection of grinding conditions is determined by the characteristics of the targeted particles. Consequently, a range of separation methods were investigated based on the mineralogical properties of the slag, with froth flotation proving the most promising approach. A roller mill was used for grinding. In order to determine the optimal particle size and milling settings, the milling parameters of the roller gap size, circumferential speed, and mass flow of the material fed (feeding rate of the mill) were varied across different feed particle ranges.The results demonstrate that a recovery rate of 70% can be achieved for lithium-containing phases, notably lithium aluminate. However, the recovery rate was found to reach 82% through adjustments of the milling parameters of a roller mill implemented in the study. Thus, it can be concluded that the grinding parameters not only affect the comminution processes and their energy consumption, but also the particle morphology and flotation behavior. Therefore, an optimal mechanical pre-treatment of the slags enables an increase recovery of lithium in the recycling of LIBs and a decreasing the requirement of primary sources, both of which contribute to the circular economy.

Zekun Zhang, Yongjun Li, Xuejing Yin et al.

Zinc-based batteries have attracted widespread attention due to their inherent safety, notable cost-effectiveness and consistent performance, etc. However, the advancement of zinc-based battery technology encounters significant challenges, including the formation of zinc dendrites and irreversible side reactions. Separators are vital in batteries due to their role in preventing electrode contact and facilitating rapid movement of ions within the electrolyte. The incorporation of cellulose in batteries enables uniform ion transport and a stable electric field, attributed to its excellent hydrophilicity, strong mechanical strength, and abundant active sites. Herein, the latest research progress of cellulose-based separators on various zinc-based batteries is systematically summarized. To begin with, the accomplishments and inherent limitations of traditional separators are clarified. Next, it underscores the advantages of cellulose-based materials in battery technology, thoroughly examining their utilization and merits as separators in zinc-based batteries. Lastly, the review offers prospective insights into the future trajectory of cellulose-based separators in zinc-based batteries. Through a comprehensive analysis of the present landscape, the review establishes a framework for the future design and enhancement of cellulose-based separators, thereby fostering the progression of associated industries.

Xiaojing Sun, Diangui Huang, Guoqing Wu

Talal Alazemi, Mohamed Darwish, Mohammed Radi

The use of renewable energy sources (RESs) at the distribution level has become increasingly appealing in terms of costs and technology, expecting a massive diffusion in the near future and placing several challenges to the power grid. Since RESs depend on stochastic energy sources —solar radiation, temperature and wind speed, among others— they introduce a high level of uncertainty to the grid, leading to power imbalance and deteriorating the network stability. In this scenario, managing and forecasting RES uncertainty is vital to successfully integrate them into the power grids. Traditionally, physical- and statistical-based models have been used to predict RES power outputs. Nevertheless, the former are computationally expensive since they rely on solving complex mathematical models of the atmospheric dynamics, whereas the latter usually consider linear models, preventing them from addressing challenging forecasting scenarios. In recent years, the advances in machine learning techniques, which can learn from historical data, allowing the analysis of large-scale datasets either under non-uniform characteristics or noisy data, have provided researchers with powerful data-driven tools that can outperform traditional methods. In this paper, a systematic literature review is conducted to identify the most widely used machine learning-based approaches to forecast RES power outputs. The results show that deep artificial neural networks, especially long-short term memory networks, which can accurately model the autoregressive nature of RES power output, and ensemble strategies, which allow successfully handling large amounts of highly fluctuating data, are the best suited ones. In addition, the most promising results of integrating the forecasted output into decision-making problems, such as unit commitment, to address economic, operational and managerial grid challenges are discussed, and solid directions for future research are provided.