The Healthy China 2030 strategy explicitly calls for integrating health considerations into all policies and promotes a shift toward healthier diets across the entire Chinese population through cross-sectoral institutional collaboration. This paper uses Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to examine the correlation between per capita consumption of vegetables and edible fungi, which is used as an indicator of healthy living, in eastern China and several influencing factors: consumption tax policies, education levels, economic development, and income levels. The analysis reveals that the retail price index for beverages, tobacco, and alcohol, which reflects the impact of consumption tax policies, has the strongest correlation (r₁ = 0.8113). This suggests that price increases in tobacco and alcohol significantly influence healthier food consumption through a crowding-out effect. The second-highest correlation is with the number of students enrolled in regular higher education institutions (r₃ = 0.7930), indicating that educational attainment fosters healthier behavioural choices via knowledge diffusion and social network spillovers. In contrast, per capita regional GDP (r₄ = 0.5579) and per capita disposable income (r₂ = 0.5512) show weaker correlations. This may point to diminishing marginal utility and structural imbalances in healthy consumption within more economically developed areas. Overall, the study highlights the leverage of consumption tax instruments in advancing public health goals and proposes a three-pronged governance framework—tax system optimization, education empowerment, and policy coordination—as a theoretical foundation for the regional implementation of the Healthy China strategy.
[Objective] Identifying priority spaces for ecological restoration and curbing ecological degradation based on the governance idea of “holistic protection, systematic restoration and comprehensive management” is an important measure for the coordinated development of regional socio-economics, the construction of a firm ecological security barrier, and the promotion of ecological civilization. [Methods] This paper took Qinghai Province as the study area, reflects the urbanization process through land use intensity and the land use center of gravity shift, quantitatively evaluates seven ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and habitat degradation from 2005 to 2020, and proposes to identify the priority space for ecological restoration based on the cluster of ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and habitat degradation. We proposed to identify ecological restoration priority spaces based on “ecosystem service cluster, ecological sensitivity and habitat degradation degree”, and combined internal defects and external coercion to delineate five types of ecological restoration priority zones and propose corresponding restoration strategies. [Results] The depth of water production in Qinghai province from 2005 to 2020 were 125.1 mm, 106.9 mm, 80.0 mm and 135.4 mm respectively, and the depth of water retention was stabilized at about 15 mm. Grain output increased from 1.42 t/hm2 to 2.02 t/hm2, wind and sand control capacity increased from 2.42 t/hm2 to 4.59 t/hm2, and soil conservation capacity decreased from 85.90 t/hm2 to 65.30 t/hm2; The ecosystem service clusters in Qinghai province were classified into five categories: harmony of habitat, harmony of soil and water, conservation of ecological sources, restoration of natural ecology, and functional cluster of wind and sand conservation. Based on the results of bivariate autocorrelation to identify the ecological restoration priority points, it can be seen that the key ecological restoration points and natural ecological restoration points are the main ones in Qinghai province, accounting for 5.26% and 2.55% of the area, respectively, in which the key ecological restoration points and ecological livability clusters increase the area of the spatial distribution of the basic coincides with each other. [Conclusion] The priority areas for ecological restoration in Qinghai province are concentrated in the ecologically fragile northwestern desert areas, high-altitude mountainous areas, water sources and river coasts and the river valley where human activities are more frequent, and in the area around Tianjun county and Xinghai-Mado-Qumalai county.
Introduction. International experience shows that social innovation is an important tool for regional development, although this type of innovation is a relatively new phenomenon for Russia. On the basis of the research conducted, the article analyzes the conditions for the implementation of social innovation which has a significant potential to meet the challenges of territorial development.
Materials and Methods. Based on materials from open sources, as well as on an expert survey conducted by the Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the direct participation of the author, the conditions for the implementation of social innovation prevailing in the constituent entities of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation were analyzed in the context of legal, infrastructural, economic, and socio-cultural components. Using the results of the expert survey, a quantitative assessment of the level of development of the conditions for the implementation of social innovation was given. The main barriers preventing the reproduction of social innovation within the territory under consideration were revealed.
Results. The study has revealed that in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District the conditions for the implementation of social innovation are at the stage of active development: infrastructure and legislation are being formed; financial, tax and property support is being provided; educational programs are being implemented. The study has also shown that there are a number of problematic aspects associated with the underdevelopment of the regulatory framework, with the lack of Centers for innovation in the social sphere in a number of constituent entities, with the limited availability of some financial instruments, with low social and innovative activity of people, etc.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained are supported by other studies, which substantiates the need for policy adjustment towards improving the relevant regulatory framework, economic conditions, infrastructure, and socio-cultural environment. The research materials can be used by regional authorities when making managerial decisions to support social innovation; they can also be useful for further studies within the framework of the issues under consideration.
The article analyses the neighbourhood effect in the voting behaviour of the Latvians at the four recent parliamentary elections, the ethnic and national leaning of parties considered. The study expands a set of electoral geography tools by adding modern techniques of spatial analysis as well as by increasing the knowledge on the position of the Russian speakers within Latvia’s political party landscape. The research aims to evaluate the role of the neighbourhood effect at Latvian elections and identify stable spatial voting clusters. The degree of spatial autocorrelation and changes in it were analysed for each parliamentary party and the non-parliamentary but still influential Latvian Russian Union (LRU). Statistically significant spatial clusters of high and low support were identified and compared; their steadiness over the study period was examined. The structure of these clusters is generally the same for the ‘Russian’ parties (Harmony and the LRU), whilst the ‘Latvian’ parties are characterized by greater spatial diversity. The analysis shows that regions bordering on Russia have clear spatial clusters where election results correspond to the parties’ attitudes towards Russian speakers and the Russian Federation. The ‘Russian’ parties and those more or less favourably disposed to Russian speakers (For a Good Latvia, For Latvia from the Heart) have clusters of high support in the area and the ‘Latvian’ parties of low. This pattern, however, may be due to the high proportion of the non-Latvian population in Latgale (a region with strong historical connections with Russia) and the character of the development of the border area, rather than to the proximity to the Russian border.
Vladimir M. Kapitsyn, Arbahan K. Magomedov, Alexander E. Shaparov
Denmark upholds high standards of human rights as long as the interests of its citizens are concerned but erects barriers for migrants of a different cultural background who might threaten the security of the national community. The Danish tradition of liberalism, humanism and the welfare state coexists with one of Europe’s most restrictive policies towards third-country immigrants. The article traces the evolution of management approaches to developing the immigration policy and integrating foreign cultural migrants in Denmark. It describes the value determinants of these changes. Using the neo-institutional methodology, the authors analyse the evolution of the value determinants of Denmark’s immigration policy and look at the national norms and practices of integrating migrants from a different cultural background. A restrictive immigration policy became possible due to a consensus between the main political forces, the left Social Democratic Party and the right Liberal Party Venstre, both willing to keep in check electoral support for the radical right-wing parties (the effect of ‘contagion from the right’ in Maurice Duverger’s terms). The object of Denmark’s restrictive integration policy is migrants from a different cultural background (mainly from Muslim countries). The government takes systematic measures to restrict their access to the country. As to migrant integration, the focus has shifted to ‘hard’ assimilation of civiс democratic values, benefits linked to employment, and deportation of migrants who have committed crimes.
This study is devoted to the problem of ensuring a balanced innovative development of the region in the current conditions of digitalization based on the development of the most important resource of the economy human capital. The subject of the study is the quality of human capital on the example of the selected region, as well as organizational and economic relations in terms of human capital management, aimed at achieving a balance in the development of the region. The balanced economic development of the region largely depends on the factors of interest of the economic entities themselves, both moral and material, in achieving an effective result. The main component of economic growth aimed at achieving balanced development is the human resource. Achieving a balanced development in the production, economic and environmental spheres is impossible without achieving a balance in the social aspect, where human capital occupies a key place. Considering a person as the most important factor in achieving a balanced regional development, it is necessary to identify indicators of the balanced development of human capital itself. This study assessed the quality of human capital on the example of the Russian region, the Orenburg region, from the standpoint of balance. The assessment is based on a study of three components: standard of living, education and length of years. Based on the results of the assessment, imbalances in the development of the constituent parts of the human potential of the Orenburg region were revealed: high indicators of income and education indices and a low index of longevity. The low index of longevity is explained by the presence of an imbalance in the level of development of medicine and the unhealthy lifestyle of the population of the region, which is influenced by economic and environmental components, due to the fact that the Orenburg region is an export raw material region. The study analyzed the human development indices of the Orenburg region in comparison with other regions of the Volga Federal District of Russia, established a downward trend in this indicator, which negatively affects economic development indicators and which, of course, was affected by the situation with the Covid-19 pandemic, noted the role of the influence of digital and virtual space on the level of development of human capital in the region under study, the following problems are highlighted: digital inequality, departmental nature of the introduction of information and communication technologies, insufficient development of telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas, which indicates a lack of balance in the development of information literacy of society in a digital economy. Theresults of the study are of theoretical and practical significance for the regional authorities in terms of developing strategic and policy documents in the field of economics, education, healthcare, aimed at improving the welfare of the population, which will create the necessary prerequisites for the formation of high-quality human capital in the region and the effective use of this resource. In the context of digital integration, when a person serves as a leading link, we consider it necessary to develop a mechanism for regulating a balanced system of health and education indicators by the regional authorities, which, in general, will help the region to reach a common trajectory of balanced innovative development.
Boldyreva S. Yu. , Boldyrev R. Yu. , Ragozin G. S.
The authors analyze the policy of NATO towards Sweden and Finland, the neutral states of Northern Europe, in 1991—2016. The authors emphasize that Finland and Sweden have always been of high strategic importance for NATO and the EU defence policy. The authors investigate the main areas of cooperation between NATO and the non-aligned countries of Northern Europe. The authors describe the prerequisites, prospects and possible consequences of Sweden and Finland’s membership in NATO. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the policy of neutrality of these countries before and after their accession to the European Union. The aim of this research is to assess the evolution of political views of Sweden and Finland on the development and implementation of the policy of neutrality in 1991—2016. To achieve this goal, the authors use a comparative analysis to explore the stance of the governments of Sweden and Finland on the cooperation with NATO or membership in it. The authors reflect on the concepts of “Finlandisation”, “freedom from alliances”, “neutrality” and “secret alliance”, which are often used in academic descriptions of the evolution of the position of both countries towards NATO. The authors hold that Finland and Sweden may become NATO members only if there is a direct threat to their security. Russian politics in the region may provoke them to take such a step. A referendum on joining the bloc seems to be highly unlikely; even though after the Crimean events, the number of NATO supporters in the two countries increased, they remained a minority. The authors conclude that both countries are involved in a “creeping” integration with NATO after they have become actors of the EU defence strategy. There is a minimum probability of Sweden and Finland’s becoming full members of the Alliance. However, the traditional policy of neutrality of both countries is often compromised, particularly towards Russia.
Agricultural and Mechanical Arts (University of Maine) had fewer elites and, thus, its male students exhibited less “anti-coedism” (164). Women carved out their own spaces, especially (but not exclusively) in departments of home economics. Although women faced considerable discrimination and did not enjoy the same opportunities as men, Sorber astutely argues that many female students sought education for their own purposes, including intellectual fulfillment. A compelling undercurrent in this volume is the continuing influence of German universities on American higher education. Historians have long been familiar with the story of the first Americans to earn doctorates, who decamped to post-Napoleonic Central Europe circa 1815. Sorber, though, shows how University of G€ottingentrained chemists and physicists became teachers and leaders at land-grant colleges like Rhode Island’s, whose president, John Washburn, had earned his doctorate in chemistry from G€ottingen and subsequently brought many other German-trained faculty to the new institution at Kingston, Rhode Island. Traditionally, historians of the land-grant movement have focused on Midwestern institutions such as Iowa State University or Michigan State University; a standard history is Earl D. Ross’s classic Democracy’s College: The Land-Grant Movement in the Formative Stage (Iowa State College Press 1942). As Sorber’s thoughtful study indicates, however, the story of the land-grant colleges is too complex to use the concept of “democracy” to draw a straight line from the 1850s to the Morrill Act institutions of the twenty-first century. The “land-grant movement was forged not through a shared vision of democratic higher education but instead through a pragmatic accommodation of opposing class interests” (175). This is a necessary corrective. Sorber’s volume is somewhat similar to Scott M. Gelber’s The University and the People: Envisioning American Higher Education in an Era of Populist Protest (University of Wisconsin Press 2011), which shows how Populists in the South and West—especially Kansas, Nebraska, and North Carolina—reinvented and reshaped land-grant institutions in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Both Sorber’s and Gelber’s books are essential reading for understanding the long and complex story of the Morrill Acts and the institutions they founded. Sorber’s research includes primary and secondary publications relating to land-grant institutions of the Northeast, as well as archival research at Cornell, Maine, Vermont, and other institutions. Because Sorber focuses on the Northeast, some familiar pieces of the story are missing. Although the old chestnut that Illinois’s Jonathan Baldwin Turner influenced Justin Smith Morrill and the 1862 law is overblown, it is surprising to see Turner barely mentioned at all, and then only in passing (53). Also, as an antecedent to the land-grant movement, it is difficult to overlook the manual labor schools common in the antebellum Northeast and Midwest. Furthermore, although Sorber briefly discusses the Morrill Act of 1890, the segregated land-grant institutions created in the turn-of-the-century South are beyond this book’s scope. Land-Grant Colleges and Popular Revolt: The Origins of the Morrill Act and the Reform of Higher Education is a well-researched and well-written book that all historians interested in the history of American higher education or late-1800s populist movements should read. Hopefully, Sorber’s meticulous research will prompt more historians to explore the impact and implementation of the Morrill Act in various regions of the United States and to synthesize the resulting story. After all, regions reacted in diverse ways to the idea of governmentfunded agricultural and mechanical education, and the movement itself shifted over time. Students of American history should know this story in all its complexity and regional idiosyncrasy.
At the modern stage of globalization pressures, imbalance in the distribution of cities in territorial space poses a threat to Russia’s economic development and social stability, which actualizes economic research on this issue. The purpose of the article is to analyze the distribution of cities within the boundaries of federal districts with the application of the Zipf law. I have chosen this law as it allows connecting the population of the city with its place in the hierarchy of the urban systems in regions, federal districts and the country, in general. The Zipf law holds if the distribution of the population is uniform. The information base is the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. For the study, I have formed a sample of cities for each Federal District. This sample included 10 most populous cities by 2015. The hypothesis about the lognormal distribution of cities within the borders of the Russian federal districts is tested using the method of least squares. The calculations determined the estimated parameter K in the range from 0.6 to 1.4, which demonstrates the uneven distribution of cities within the borders of the federal districts of Russia (the exception is Volga Federal District K = 1). In the Central Federal District, Northwestern Federal District and Ural Federal District, the population is concentrated in large cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg and Ekaterinburg. In the North Caucasian Federal District, Privolzhsky Federal District, Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District, the population is disproportionately dispersed. In the territory of Russia, there is no intermediate group of cities with the population from 2000 to 5000 thousand people. The identification of the peculiarities of the distribution of cities within the borders of the federal districts of Russia is necessary for the development of scientifically substantiated recommendations of social and economic policies. The conducted research is a stage in the development of methodological tools for choosing the location of industrial production in the territories and for determining the optimal size of a city.
Subject and purpose of work: The objective of this elaboration is to specify the place of state higher vocational schools from the Lublin voivodeship in development strategies of various territorial levels.
Regional economics. Space in economics, Economics as a science
Kasim Nazifovich Yusupov, Yuliya Semenovna Toktamysheva, Azat Vazirovich Yangirov
et al.
The issue of economic growth has become urgent since the country’s leadership set the task of doubling general domestic product (GDP) for the period from 2001 to 2010. We calculated the required annual growth rate and analyzed it both by year and over the past few years. The results suggest that GDP has not doubled within 10 years. Thus, it is appropriate to consider separately the pace of Russian economy on the whole and the total gross regional product (GRP) of its constituent regions. We analyzed its contradictions and disproportions restraining dynamic economic development at different levels. As a hypothesis, we assumed that the problems of the country’s economic growth mostly stem from such contradictions in the regional development. The research base was information on the volumes and dynamics of the Russian Federation GDP and GRP of its regions from 2001 to 2016, which indicate economic growth. We have assessed whether GDP and GRP dynamics was conform to the strategic guidelines of Russia’s economic development. We processed the dataset using a number of methods such as grouping, average and relative values, analysis of time series. Firstly, this processing has revealed, that the objective of doubling Russia’s GDP has not been met even over 16years (only 3.57 % was reached instead of the required average annual rates of 4.42 %). Secondly, over 16 years, the leading regions have been steadily developing whereas outsiders have become weaker, and the factors of regional development have remained unchanged. Thirdly, the analysis of the Republic of Bashkortostan case demonstrates that the existing model of regional economic growth, as well as the impact of the base effect, has reached its limits. Thus, growth rates are slowing down alongside with increasing absolute production volumes, while the ratio of intermediate and end products persists in the long term. Consequently, the regional economy lacks systemic positive structural changes, without which breakthrough economic growth is impossible. The obtained results can be used for improving the analysis and forecasting techniques of Russian regional development and forming an effective regional policy.
The majority of leaders of economic entities in Moldova should recognize the role of effective corporate management for the proper development of their activities. Therefore, to ensure obtaining competitive advantage, the leaders must accept the fact that the policy of improvement of corporate management becomes a major component of enterprise development, and using the principles and best practices of corporate governance are already highlighted both at the level of their enterprises and at international level. Therefore, the authors of the article present some measures to streamline corporate management.
Aleksandr Evseevich Karlik, Vladimir Vladimirovich Platonov
This article’s objective is to develop conceptual approach to the study of key decision-making factors of cross-industry
spatially localized innovation networks regularities by the application of quantitative and qualitative data of St. Petersburg
Innovation and Technology Cluster of Machinery Manufacturing and Metalworking. The paper is based on the previous
research findings which conclude that such networks have a set of opportunities and constraints for innovation. The hypothesis
is that in the clusters, representing a special type of these networks, the spatial proximity partly offsets the negative impact of
industrial distance. The authors propose a structural and logical model of strategic decision-making to analyze these effects on
innovation. They specify network’s influences on performance: cognitive diversity; knowledge and expertise; structural autonomy
and equivalence. The model is applied to spatially localized cross-industry cluster and then improved in accordance with the
obtained results for accounting resource flows. It allowed to take into account the dynamics of innovation activity and to develop
the practical implications in the particular business context. The analysis identified the peculiarities of spatially localized crossindustry
innovation cooperation in perspective of the combinations of tangible resources, information and other intangible
resources for the renewal of mature industries. The research results can be used in business as well as in industrial and regional
economic policy. In the conclusion, the article outlines future research directions: a comprehensive empirical study with the
analysis of data on the factors of cross-industry cooperation which were identified in this paper with testing of causal relations;
the developing an approach to the study of spatially localized networks based on the exchange of primary resources in the
economic system stability framework.
Antônio Augusto Simão Barbosa, Armando Wilson Tafner Junior, Alexandre Magno de Melo Faria
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal comparar os indicadores IDH e ISMA para avaliação dos municípios da Região Norte Araguaia. A pesquisa bibliográfica buscou primeiramente destacar os elementos teóricos de desenvolvimento sustentável e endógeno. Na sequência, fez-se a pesquisa histórica com resgate da colonização do Estado e da mesorregião Nordeste de Mato Grosso segundo recorte espacial do IMEA que no trabalho denominaremos de e Norte Araguaia em que o levantamento indica que os planos de ocupação e projetos de colonização deixarão externalidades ambientais negativas para a região e estado. Como terceira etapa tem-se a pesquisa descritiva quali-quantitativa, onde se consolida dados socioeconômicos e ambientais da região Norte Araguaia. E, por fim, a pesquisa buscou extrair os principais resultados aplicando o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano IDH e Índice de Sustentabilidade dos Municípios da Amazônia – ISMA, onde os resultados obtidos da comparação do dois indicadores apontaram que devido a sua metodologia o IDH não é capaz de revelar o verdadeiro grau de desenvolvimento da região, já a análise do ISMA apontou para a existência de uma necessidade de ajustes nas políticas institucionais e econômicas para melhorar o desempenho de sustentabilidade, que segundo a metodologia do mesmo apontou que dezenove municípios da região classificaram-se com baixo desenvolvimento sustentável, dois médios e um com índice muito baixo de sustentabilidade.
Apresiasi Yen yang dimulai dalam bulan September 1985 telah mendorong meningkatnya investasi luar negeri di Asia Pasifik, tidak hanya datang dari Jepang tetapi juga dari Negara-negara industri baru Asia, dari AS, dari Eropa dan dari negara-negara Asia lainnya. Apresiasi Yen telah merubah peta persaingan di wilayah Asia Pasifik dan bahkan Dunia.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics