Актуальність дослідження обумовлена необхідністю принципового підвищення якості економічного забезпечення збройного захисту України в умовах тривалої збройної агресії, зростання стратегічної невизначеності та посилення залежності від зовнішньої допомоги. Інтеграція оборонного планування з державним економічним прогнозуванням розглядається як ключовий інструмент підвищення стійкості та результативності системи національної оборони. У зв’язку із цим стаття спрямована на розкриття теоретико-методологічних засад інтеграції оборонного планування з економічним прогнозуванням, а також на визначення практичних рекомендацій щодо підвищення ефективності економічного забезпечення сектору безпеки і оборони. Особливу увагу приділено необхідності узгодження розвитку оборонних спроможностей із реальними економічними можливостями держави та довгостроковими макроекономічними сценаріями, що набуває критичного значення в умовах воєнного стану. У публікації представлено перелік ключових проблем економічного забезпечення оборони, розкрито недоліки чинної системи прогнозування та планування, обґрунтовано необхідність впровадження багатосценарного прогнозування, розширення використання моделей життєвого циклу озброєння та військової техніки, а також створення єдиної системи прогнозування оборонних потреб, узгодженої із загальнодержавними економічними прогнозами. Наведено кількісні індикатори для оцінювання результативності інтеграції оборонного планування з економічним прогнозуванням та показано, що реалізація сформульованих рекомендацій здатна забезпечити комплексне підвищення ефективності економічного забезпечення оборони на 15–25 відсотків. Матеріали статті становлять практичну цінність для органів державного управління, що займаються формуванням оборонної та економічної політики, а також для установ, відповідальних за стратегічне планування та бюджетування у секторі безпеки і оборони. Запропоновані рекомендації можуть бути використані для розроблення сучасних методичних підходів до прогнозування оборонних потреб, удосконалення нормативних документів та формування збалансованих програм розвитку оборонних спроможностей.
Олександр Леоненко, Володимир Ремез, Алевтина Гетьман
et al.
З початком повномасштабної агресії російської федерації проти України значно зросло значення інформаційної безпеки в умовах гібридної війни. Інформаційний простір, який охоплює як військову, так і цивільну складову, трансформувався в критично важливу складову сучасного театру воєнних дій. Агресор активно використовує інструменти інформаційного впливу та кібероперацій, спрямованих на особовий склад, системи управління Збройних Сил України, а також на інформаційні платформи загального призначення. Оскільки функціонування ЗСУ все більше залежить від інформаційно-комунікаційних систем (ІКС), захист цих систем від зовнішніх і внутрішніх загроз набуває першочергового значення. Цифровізація процесів управління, з одного боку, підвищує ефективність та швидкість обміну інформацією, з іншого — створює нові вектори уразливості кіберпростору. У зв’язку з цим, формування ефективних систем захисту інформації є обов’язковою умовою під час проєктування та впровадження ІКС.
Метою цієї статті є обґрунтування структури етапів і заходів побудови систем захисту інформації, а також формування підходів до вибору раціональної моделі захисту залежно від функціональних і технічних характеристик ІКС, включаючи особливості інтеграції в загальну архітектуру системи.
У процесі дослідження використано метод системного аналізу, що дозволив структурувати етапи створення систем захисту, а також метод порівняльного аналізу, за допомогою якого здійснено оцінку ефективності різних підходів до побудови захисних механізмів в ІКС.
У статті запропоновано узагальнений підхід до вибору між комплексною системою захисту інформації (КСЗІ) та системою управління інформаційною безпекою (СУІБ) на основі законодавчих вимог і функціональних характеристик ІКС. Також систематизовано процедури створення захисних систем і наведено умови їх ефективної реалізації.
Матеріали статті можуть бути використані при розробці, проєктуванні та впровадженні ІКС у Збройних Силах України та інших структурах сектору безпеки й оборони. Запропонований підхід сприятиме підвищенню рівня захищеності інформаційної інфраструктури в умовах сучасної війни та цифрових трансформацій.
Türkiye's engagement with Africa reflects a strategic evolution from cultural and trade partnerships to transformative security cooperation. This study investigates Türkiye’s contributions to African defense autonomy through defense technology exports, capacity-building programs, and strategic collaborations. Employing case studies of Somalia, Libya, Sudan, and Niger, the article analyzes the impact of these initiatives on regional stability and global power competition. Key findings emphasize Türkiye’s role as a partner distinct from traditional powers, advancing defense technologies, training local forces, and fostering development. The study positions Türkiye as a model for sustainable, equitable, and innovative security engagement in Africa.
Stanislav Shumlianskyi, Yevhen Khomenko, Serhiy Popriyenko
The article discusses the conceptual foundations of a risk-oriented approach to introducing artificial intelligence (AI) into Ukraine's defense sector. The study's relevance stems from the rapid development of AI technologies in military affairs and the need to counter the prevailing enemy. Thus, the article aims to identify and substantiate the fundamental principles of a risk-oriented approach to integrating AI into Ukraine's military. The primary method used in this study is analysis, which allows to consider non-technical internal risks, which are less obvious and potentially more dangerous than technical and external risks. The article identifies and categorizes key non-technical risks arising from the introduction of AI in the military. Specifically, it identifies the risks associated with underestimating threats, the uncertainty of AI development, the negative impact on humans (e.g., reduced cognitive skills and excessive trust), and problems related to automatic translation and decision-making. The article also considers external risks arising from the enemy's use of AI, such as increased intelligence effectiveness, cyberwarfare, propaganda, and data poisoning. The authors substantiate the necessity of creating a register and map of these risks for further management. The article's materials are practically valuable for developing an AI policy for the military, creating a risk register and map, and for further work with them.
The first Italian campaign of Bonaparte is one of the most studied topics in military history, but not always from the point of view of intelligence, which has played an important role. In particular Jean Landrieux (1756-1830), leaving historiographical traces especially in Italy, attracted interest for a long time more for the singular and controversial personality than in relation to the operational performance; In fact, Landrieux was not head of the services, but this branch began to be conducted with a modern approach (making use of informants such as Rusca, Pico or Toli), function of the general staff activity and unconventional warfare. However, the Armée d’Italie was not the only one to use an intelligence network, but the Piedmontese or the Venetians and above all the English did too, although their warfare was ‘peninsular’ and naval. However, the events demonstrated the temporary French superiority, thanks to the centralization of the command and the organization of the general staff.
History (General) and history of Europe, Military Science
Worldwide, countries are constantly exposed to the effects of global political and economic changes owing to benefit-sharing connections, whereby changes in the forms of relationships and sanction impositions can put pressure on countries’ financing systems, including the healthcare sector. This study examines the effects of economic sanctions on government healthcare spending. Quantitative data on government healthcare spending from the WHO covering the 2000–2020 period were evaluated using the Wilcoxon – Mann – Whitney test. The results showed that government healthcare spending in Iraq, Libya, and Iran did not respond to economic sanctions but it did decline significantly in Venezuela, suggesting a limited effect on countries with long economic sanction experiences. With the world’s continuous political and economic uncertainty, countries worldwide should not focus on short-term plans but regularly revise and bolster their healthcare financing pool and maintain financing strategies that limit the effect of global political and economic changes.
This study aims to fabricate heterogeneous CNTs/Al composites with a hierarchical structure using powder metallurgy techniques. The hierarchical composites are composed of alternating layers with and without CNTs. Tensile testing of the as-sintered sample, with a 3.5 mm width and containing 0.5 wt% CNTs, revealed an ultimate tensile strength of 249 MPa and 11.8 % elongation to failure. This shows an improvement in overall mechanical properties while maintaining the superior ductility of the alloy and the high strength of uniform composites. Indicating an effective overcoming of the traditional trade-off between strength and ductility. Several strengthening mechanisms have been discussed, including load transfer, grain refinement, and extra dislocations. Coordinated deformation and retarding effect during crack propagation can significantly enhance ductility. Furthermore, the incorporation of reinforcement increased the thermal conductivity by 18.6% due to the excellent thermal characteristics of CNTs. To investigate the intrinsic principles, a parallel and series model was developed to simulate the arrangement of CNTs in the Al matrix. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed the heat transfer mechanism through the electron-phonon coupling effect. This study proposes a new approach for creating metal materials that have both strength and ductility, while also improving their thermal conductivity.
Civilian control of the military is an inflexible requirement of the American republic, but there is contentious debate over how that control should be exercised. Both sides of the divide tend to agree that military results matter. Civil–military relations succeed if healthy discourse results in accomplishing the mission and obtaining optimal outcomes, but fail if the military does not accomplish the political objectives. This article advances the understudied thread of military effectiveness in American civil–military relations by testing the acumen of each side's judgment in 44 use of force decisions since the Second World War. In decisions on whether to use military force, military preferences have not yielded superior outcomes to civilian preferences, but there is evidence that military shirking from armed interventions has helped avoid ill-advised wars. Further studies should investigate decisions on how to use military force.
Rania Itani, Hani M. J. Khojah, Samar Karout
et al.
Abstract Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a major nosocomial pathogen capable of causing life-threatening infections. This bacterium is highly resistant to antibiotics and associated with high mortality rates. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate A. baumannii's susceptibility patterns to antimicrobials, assess the appropriateness of the initiated antimicrobial therapy, determine the mortality rate, and identify predictors associated with mortality. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted among patients infected with A. baumannii at a university hospital in Lebanon through the revision of medical records. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were used to analyze time-to-mortality. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of mortality. Results The records of 188 patients were screened, and 111 patients with A. baumannii infection were enrolled. Almost all isolates were resistant to carbapenem, and 43% of the isolates were extensively-drug resistant. Almost half of the patients received initial inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (n = 50, 45.1%). The 30-day mortality rate associated with A. baumannii infection was 71.2% (79/111). The time to mortality in patients who received inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (5.70 ± 1.07 days) was significantly shorter than in those who received appropriate antimicrobial therapy (12.43 ± 1.01 days, P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression revealed that inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 16.22, 95% CI 2.68–9.97, P = 0.002), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 14.72, 95% CI 3.27–6.61, P < 0.001), and thrombocytopenia (AOR = 8.82, 95% CI 1.12–9.75, P = 0.003) were more likely associated with mortality. Conclusions A. baumannii exhibits an alarming mortality rate among infected patients. Thrombocytopenia, mechanical ventilation, and inappropriate antibiotic administration are associated with mortality in patients infected with A. baumannii. The prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, infection control measures, and effective stewardship program are crucial to reduce the incidence of A. baumannii and improve the treatment outcomes.
This study analyzed how compensation, organizational culture, and career
development the motivation of NCO soldiers in attending Diktukpa through
Strategic leadership as a mediating variable. This study addressed the research gap
by involving Strategic leadership as a mediating variable to the direct and indirect
effects of compensation, organizational culture, and career development on NCO
students’ motivation. This quantitative study employed Structural Equation Modeling
(SEM) on Amos software 26. Data for this study were obtained from 340 randomly selected NCO students. This research established the existence of a favorable
relationship between soldier salary, career advancement, and organizational
culture and soldiers’ motivation to participate in Diktukpa as well as strategic
leadership. A positive influence was also found in Soldier compensation, career
development, and organizational culture on the motivation of Strategic leadership
as a mediating variable. The results indicated the direction of evaluation and sound
personnel planning that should be taken into account when hiring or accepting
officers from non-commissioned officer sources, including pay, career development,
organizational culture, and strategic leadership. It is important to boost NCO pupils’
motivation for personal growth. The impact of strategic leadership on soldiers’
motivation is presented in this study in connection to pay and career advancement.
. This study provides relevant insights into the current conditions and factors that
included compensation and career development, Strategic leadership in influencing
the motivation of the soldiers.
Hadil Faris Alotaibi, Haifa Alotaibi, Khaled M. Darwish
et al.
The development of bacterial resistance is an increasing global concern that requires discovering new antibacterial agents and strategies. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) systems play important roles in controlling bacterial virulence, and their targeting could lead to diminishing bacterial pathogenesis. In this context, targeting QS systems without significant influence on bacterial growth is assumed as a promising strategy to overcome resistance development. This study aimed at evaluating the anti-QS and anti-virulence activities of the β-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) against two Gram-negative bacterial models <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Serratia marcescens</i>. The effect of propranolol on the expression of QS-encoding genes was evaluated. Additionally, the affinity of propranolol to QS receptors was virtually attested. The influence of propranolol at sub-MIC on biofilm formation, motility, and production of virulent factors was conducted. The outcomes of the propranolol combination with different antibiotics were assessed. Finally, the in vivo protection assay in mice was performed to assess propranolol’s effect on lessening the bacterial pathogenesis. The current findings emphasized the significant ability of propranolol at sub-MIC to reduce the formation of biofilms, motility, and production of virulence factors. In addition, propranolol at sub-MIC decreased the capacity of tested bacteria to induce pathogenesis in mice. Furthermore, propranolol significantly downregulated the QS-encoding genes and showed significant affinity to QS receptors. Finally, propranolol at sub-MIC synergistically decreased the MICs of different antibiotics against tested bacteria. In conclusion, propranolol might serve as a plausible adjuvant therapy with antibiotics for the treatment of serious bacterial infections after further pharmacological and pharmaceutical studies.
We review the progress in developing a science of interdependence applied to the determinations and perceptions of risk for autonomous human–machine systems based on a case study of the Department of Defense’s (DoD) faulty determination of risk in a drone strike in Afghanistan; the DoD’s assessment was rushed, suppressing alternative risk perceptions. We begin by contrasting the lack of success found in a case study from the commercial sphere (Facebook’s use of machine intelligence to find and categorize “hate speech”). Then, after the DoD case study, we draw a comparison with the Department of Energy’s (DOE) mismanagement of its military nuclear wastes that created health risks to the public, DOE employees, and the environment. The DOE recovered by defending its risk determinations and challenging risk perceptions in public. We apply this process to autonomous human–machine systems. The result from this review is a major discovery about the costly suppression of risk perceptions to best determine actual risks, whether for the military, business, or politics. For autonomous systems, we conclude that the determinations of actual risks need to be limited in scope as much as feasible; and that a process of free and open debate needs to be adopted that challenges the risk perceptions arising in situations facing uncertainty as the best, and possibly the only, path forward to a solution.
Given the close relationship between military affairs and climate change, military organizations need to consider the potential effects of climate change in their future planning and design. In this study, in order to investigate the effects of climate change on military activities in Isfahan province, we used the simulated output of the hadGEM2-ES paired model from the CMIP5 model series, based on RCP 8.5 (pessimistic) and RCP 4.5 (optimistic) radiation induction scenarios. Has been. Also using Misnard Bioclimatic Climate Index (ET) and also using GIS software in interpolation, generalization of point-to-area data and combination of maps, times and places suitable for military activity in terms of body physiology in Isfahan province during a 20-year statistical period (2019-1999) and for the next period (2040-2059). Data analysis showed that September is mostly in the province in optimal conditions for military activity, which in the basic period is more than two scenarios pessimistic and optimistic. Based on the results obtained in the summer, the highlands and in the spring, the lowlands of the province have been selected for optimal military affairs, and in the winter and autumn (November and December) cold conditions prevail, which according to the data obtained from the amount in the pessimistic scenario, the Misnard index tends to the lower edge of the cold class.
Friction stir processing and post process artificial ageing was successfully carried out on AA7075 with and without reinforcement of SiC particles producing defect free processed zone with uniform distribution of filler material. Effect of SiC particle reinforcement and artificial ageing times on the microstructural modifications was characterized using optical and electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and X-Ray diffraction. Hardness, impact and wear tests were carried out to investigate mechanical behaviour before and after processing. Reinforcement of SiC particles during FSP and subsequent age hardening treatment brought about nearly twofold increase in hardness and impact toughness values by the combined effect of grain refinement, Zener pinning, dispersion strengthening and precipitation hardening. Significant improvement in wear resistance in terms of wear loss was also observed after processing compared to the reference material AA7075-T6. Fractured surface of post FSP age hardened AA7075 alloy exhibited features of ductile fracture during Charpy impact test.
Ahmed Elbeih, Ahmed K. Hussein, Tamer Elshenawy
et al.
A well-known ternary plastic explosive, Czech Semtex 1H, contains a mixture of PETN and RDX softened by SBR. In this work, BCHMX was used to replace PETN in Semtex 1H to form Sem-BC+RDX. In addition, another mixture based on BCHMX and HMX as energetic fillers bonded by the polymeric matrix of Semtex 1H (Sem-BC+HMX) was studied. The particle size distribution of each individual explosive was determined to obtain the optimum mixing conditions. Friction and impact sensitivities were determined. The velocity of detonation was reported practically and the detonation properties were calculated by EXPLO5 code. The explosive strength of each sample was measured by the ballistic mortar test. The conclusion confirms that the velocity of detonation of Sem-BC+HMX was the highest in comparison with the prepared samples. Sem-BC+RDX has the least impact and frictions sensitivities. Sem-BC+RDX has higher detonation velocity, detonation properties and explosive strength than Semtex 1H. Addition of BCHMX in Semtex 1H as a replacement for PETN is the candidate to produce a high performance advanced Czech plastic explosive.
Milad Abbasi, Mehran Pourhossein, Hamzeh Mohammadi
et al.
Introduction: Many studies have been carried out on the effects of heat stress on cognitive functions, but the results are contradictory. Therefore, this study was conducted to review the effect of heat stress on cognitive functions.
Material and method: In this study, all English articles conducted on effect of heat stress on cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor functions from 1970 to 2018 were reviewed. For this, articles with keywords such as heat strain, heat stress, cognitive function, memory, comprehension, psychomotor, reaction time, mental performance, mood, mental response, error, task performance, fatigue, alertness, hyperthermia, and heat exhaustion in the Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Pub Med, Springer, Wiley Online Library and ProQuest databases were searched. Out of 157 retrieved articles, 39 articles were finally reviewed according to the inclusion criteria.
Results: Out of 157 retrieved articles related to the topic, according to the inclusion criteria, 39 articles were finally considered for review. Among this articles, 9 (%23) articles were published before 2000 and 30 (%77) after 2000. Two articles were in athletes, four articles (%10.2) in workers, four articles (%10.2) in students, four articles (%10.2) in military soldiers and twenty-five articles (%64.2) were conducted in ordinary people.Based on the results, heat stress was identified as a detrimental factor for decreased cognitive functions such as reading comprehension, memory, focus, mathematical processing, tracking test, reaction time, perception and decoding text and numeric messages, visual alertness, mental computing, text reading , hidden figures test and verbal fluency.
Conclusion: Based on the results of these studies, heat stress has been introduced as a detrimental factor for disrupting cognitive functions, but conclusion based on the results of studies is a systematic method is difficult because many confounding variables such as type of work, exposure time, skill and adaptation plays a big role.
The present investigation draws scholars' attention to the effect of exponential variable viscosity modeled by Vogel and variable permeability on stagnation point flow of Carreau Nanofluid over an electromagnetic plate through a porous medium. Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion mechanism are taken into consideration. An efficient fourth-order RK method along with shooting technique are implemented to obtain the required solution of the non-dimensional modeled equations. The contribution of the present study is that augmented electromagnetic field strength due to the suitable arrangement of the plate and that of porosity parameter yield an accelerated motion while that of viscosity parameter produces retarded motion of shear-thickening fluid, contrary to shear-thinning fluid. At the same time, it discusses the inclusion of porous matrix which controls the thermal as well as concentration boundary layers, while enhanced Brownian motion exhibits diametrically opposite trend for them in response to shear-thickening fluid.
Aims: Impairment in executive functions can result in impaired self-regulatory behavior and social skills deficiency, and experiential avoidance is a strong predictor of psychological signs and symptoms. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on executive function and experiential avoidance among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group in 2017. The studied population was included all male veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder referred to Quds hospital in Sanandaj. 40 veterans were selected using available sampling method and were divided randomly in two experimental and control groups. The Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ) were used to collect information. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Findings: After controlling the pre-test scores, the results showed that the mean scores of experimental group in number of categories and preservative error as the sub-components of executive function, and experiential avoidance were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is efficient to increase executive function and to reduce experiential avoidance among veterans with PTSD.