Ruud Weijermars, Clement Afagwu, Yakai Tian
et al.
Concurrent approaches for estimating storage coefficients (E) of Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) target reservoirs are critically reviewed, and a robust procedure for estimation of such coefficients, which are time-dependent, is proposed. Our method is based on close analogy of what historically is done in hydrocarbon production and reserves estimations using recovery factors (F). Typically, F is computed by first estimating the original hydrocarbons in place (OHIP), then the cumulative production to a certain date (of the economic limit) is computed using production forecasting methods. The production forecast provides an estimated ultimate resource (EUR), and then F follows from the ratio EUR/OHIP. We propose to similarly compute the estimated ultimate storage (EUS) or cumulative injection by forward modeling, using Gaussian-based solutions of the pressure diffusivity equation, and after estimating the total storage resource (TSR), the coefficient E follows from the ratio EUS/TSR. The new method is demonstrated in a case study using representative data from the Porthos GCS Project, which repurposes the depleted P18 gas field (offshore, Dutch shelf area) for geological CO2 sequestration (GCS). The storage coefficient for the P18-6 segment of the Porthos GCS field after 20 years of injection reaches 18 %. In addition to the deterministic storage coefficient estimation, probabilistic values after 20 years of injection for E were estimated: P90-16 %, P50-36 % and P10-59 %. Separately, it is shown how a GCS project in a depleted gas field offers significant operational advantages over storage in saline aquifers. The competitive edge of depleted gas fields over saline aquifers has not been articulated before. The new methods for computing TSR, EUS and E, can handle probabilistic storage resource classification in compliance with the SPE SRMS classification framework for storage resource estimation.
Deep learning (DL) is reshaping mechanical engineering by offering advanced capabilities for solving complex problems, particularly in fault diagnosis, predictive maintenance, and materials science. While conventional machine learning and physics‐based approaches remain prevalent, DL models provide superior performance in terms of accuracy, automation, and adaptability. This systematic review investigates trends in DL applications within mechanical engineering from 2015 to 2024. An initial search using the query “deep learning AND mechanical engineering” across seven major databases—Google Scholar, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ERIC, Science Direct, Compendex, and Wiley Online Library—yielded 149 articles. After applying exclusion criteria (published before 2014, non‐English, short or work‐in‐progress papers, not DL and/or mechanical engineering focus, or conceptual papers), 49 studies were selected for in‐depth analysis. The results indicate that DL models improve prediction accuracy by 10%–35% over traditional techniques across various applications, including fault detection in rotating machinery and microstructural analysis in materials engineering. Despite notable gains, challenges persist related to data availability, computational intensity, and model interpretability. This review highlights the importance of addressing these limitations and recommends future research efforts toward improving model generalization, incorporating explainable AI techniques, and optimizing DL deployment under limited‐data scenarios. Furthermore, the integration of DL with Industry 4.0 technologies—such as IoT, digital twins, and cyber‐physical systems—presents a promising direction for real‐time, intelligent decision‐making in mechanical engineering systems. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to apply or advance DL methods in mechanical engineering contexts.
A multi-objective optimal trajectory planning method is proposed for manipulators in this paper to enhance motion efficiency and to reduce component wear while ensuring motion smoothness. The trajectory is initially interpolated in the joint space by using quintic non-uniform B-splines with virtual points, achieving the <i>C</i><sup>4</sup> continuity of joint motion and satisfying dynamic, kinematic, geometric, synchronization, and boundary constraints. The interpolation reformulates the trajectory planning problem into an optimization problem, where the time intervals between desired adjacent waypoints serve as variables. Travelling time and the integral of the squared jerk along the entire trajectories comprise the multi-objective functions. A constrained multi-objective dream optimization algorithm is designed to solve the time–jerk optimal trajectory planning problem and generate Pareto solutions for optimized trajectories. Simulations conducted on 6-DOF manipulators validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in comparison with existing typical trajectory planning methods.
Tomáš Michálek, Petr Voltr, Stanislava Liberová
et al.
This paper deals with solid lubricants for the wheel–rail interface; the topic is viewed from two different but complementary perspectives. By means of simulations, the potential contribution of these lubricants, applied for purposes of wheel flange lubrication on curved tracks, to the reduction in the wheel–rail wear level is estimated. Further, the relationship between frictional work in wheel–rail contact and guiding forces is investigated. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of a physical basis for this relationship and to help understand the capability of these quantities to quantify the damaging effects of running vehicles on curved tracks. The mechanism of the observed increase in quasi-static guiding force on the leading wheel with lubricated wheel flanges is described in detail, using different quantities characterizing the steady running of a vehicle through a curve. The limitation of the contribution of wheel flange lubrication to the reduction in total frictional power on all wheels of the vehicle is also explained. In the second part, attention is paid to a practical assessment of the performance of solid lubricant samples using the testing methodology of the European standards EN 15427-2-1 and EN 16028. The aim of this part of the paper is to summarize the authors’ experience with twin-disc machine measurements, showing imperfections in the standardized testing methodology, as well as the significantly different performance of various solid lubricant samples, which is influenced by many factors. Based on their experience, further research on solid lubricant performance using wheel–rail roller rigs is outlined.
Pneumatic automation has become a crucial component in modern industrialization, offering a reliable and efficient means of controlling and automating various industrial processes. Being akin to mechanical engineering education in universities, one expects its full inclusion into the curriculum of such universities. However, a study conducted by this paper showed that the best universities for Mechanical Engineering in Nigeria teach Fluid/Applied Fluid Mechanics but not Pneumatics as a core course. This paper not only explores the fundamentals of pneumatic systems, their circuits and applications, but also the advantages and benefits of Pneumatic Automation in modern industrial development for sustainability. The paper calls for the proper inclusion of pneumatic studies in the curriculum of mechanical engineering education. The curriculum of a total number of 68 best universities that offer Mechanical Engineering in Nigeria, as listed by EduRank, was fairly looked into to find if they included pneumatic study as a core course. However, there was no specific indication of pneumatics as a core course in all the listed universities; rather, allied courses like Fluid and Applied Fluid mechanics were taught to students. Undoubtedly, while Fluid Mechanics and Pneumatics complement each other, Fluid/Applied Fluid Mechanics deal with fluid fundamental principles like fluid dynamics, hydraulic systems, turbo-machinery as in fluid power systems, Pneumatic study specifically focuses on the use of compressed air to transmit power, which includes design and control of pneumatic systems and components, circuits and system analysis. Pneumatic applications are typically used in industrial automation, robotics, process control and mechatronics. So by implication, as long as air is being used as a medium for transmission of power in industries, acquisition of pneumatic knowledge and skills remains the bedrock for efficient operation, proper maintenance and sustainability of such industries. Pneumatic courses and skills prepare mechanical engineers for industries like manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace, where pneumatic systems are widely used and, as such, deserve adequate inclusion in the mechanical engineering curriculum.
This paper presents the experimental work developed to measure the learning process through concept map analysis. The development of a concept map is requested by the students for each chapter or theme of the subject. As a result, maps from engineering courses have been analyzed. The measurements carried out consider several parameters, such as individual and team map building, student progressive knowledge level, and map complexity. Concerning the complexity analysis, the focus is qualitative, and it is based on the data extracted from the concept maps elaborated by the students. The study, conducted during the 2018–2019 academic year, included students from various academic levels and institutions, such as the Public University of Navarra UPNA and the University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, covering first-degree students of Bachelor's Degree in Mechanical Engineering and first-degree students of Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering at UPNA, third-degree students of Bachelor's Degree in Mechanical Engineering at UPV-EHU. The data collected from 37 individual maps in Industrial Drawing, 31 group maps in Industrial Drawing, 12 individual maps in Design of Machinery, and 12 group maps in Design of Machinery, along with a control group of 79 students who did not participate in any activity, provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of concept maps for evaluating understanding levels and learning outcomes across various engineering subjects and academic levels. The learning outcome of the students is treated to obtain the level of understanding of complex systems shown by the students through the concept maps previously drawn and the questionnaire answered by each student about the achievement of learning results through the use of concept maps. This work shows the research methodology established and the learning results achieved qualitatively: measuring the maps by means of a rubric, self-assessment based on a survey, and through the questionnaires. Also, the results obtained in the final exams have been compared. From the observed results, this methodology is presented as a suitable alternative for evaluating the correct acquisition of concepts in online teaching situations.
The article examines in detail the impact of sanctions pressure from Western countries on the state of the domestic industry as a whole and its separate branch - mechanical engineering. The purpose of the study was to analyze the current state of mechanical engineering in Russia in order to identify existing problems, determine optimal directions and formulate proposals for achieving sustainable economic development of the Russian Federation. The objectives of the study were: analysis of the current state of mechanical engineering; identification of problems of the efficiency of mechanical engineering development; determination of directions of development of the mechanical engineering industry in the Russian Federation; development of measures for import substitution in the mechanical engineering complex. The study used the methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis, monographic, methods of statistical and economic analysis, graphical method, system-structural and formal-logical methods. The information base was the data of Rosstat, the Industrial Development Fund and the Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge, presented on the official website and scientific materials of domestic and foreign researchers. We identified the optimal directions for the development of the mechanical engineering industry of the Russian Federation: overcoming the technological gap and increasing demand for machinery and equipment manufactured in the Russian Federation; Innovation-oriented integration into import substitution processes; Creation of modern and progressive technologies in mechanical engineering; Digitalization of business processes and implementation of the Industry 4.0 production management technology; Establishment of cooperation with domestic and friendly foreign enterprises; Increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises, etc. The following measures are proposed for import substitution in the mechanical engineering complex: Purchase of components in friendly countries; Cooperation with manufacturing enterprises; Preferential lending by industrial development institutes; Creation by executive authorities of a unified information and industrial system to solve logistics problems; Placement of production segments of the mechanical engineering industry; Stabilization of the domestic product market and Development of cooperative interaction between industries. It is recommended to focus mechanical engineering production on the implementation of priority projects, development projects, projects for the digitalization of industry and SPIC, financed by the FRP, which will allow bringing the enterprise to a modern level and improving the state of the industry as a whole. The directions of future research will be the mechanisms of technological development of the domestic mechanical engineering. The conducted research and its results can be applied by researchers and students in economic fields interested in the state of mechanical engineering in Russia.
Purnami Purnami, Fransisca Gayuh Utami Dewi, ING Wardana
et al.
Hydrogen is an alternative fuel due to its environmental friendliness and abundance. Hydrogen can be produced through water-splitting technique, in which the Oxygen (O2) and Hydrogen (H2) are separated. Water electrolysis is one of many causes of water-splitting that effectively results H2 with high purity. One drawback of electrolysis is the low efficiency. In this study, a rice straw natural surfactant was utilized to improve the efficiency. Rice straw with the volume of 5 ml, 10 ml, dan 15 ml were added to the electrolyte solution. This study shows the rice straw based natural surfactant contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic sides. Both sides capable to reduce the surface tension of the solution which destabilizes water molecules. The aromatic magnetic field of rice straw surfactant homogenizes the water net dipole moment due to the diamagnetism of water. These contributes towards the weakened hydrogen bond of the water in the solution. The synergy between hydrophobic and hydrophilic sides is potent to alter hydrogen production rate through intrinsic magnetism.
This paper presents a numerical study of the energetic behavior of some quasi-static thermoelastic problems in one- and two-dimensional settings. Firstly, we describe the two-dimensional thermoelastic problem decomposing the elastic tensor into two parts: the first one is positively defined for the first component of the displacement field, and the second one is negatively defined for the second component. The variational formulation is also derived. Restricting ourselves to the one-dimensional setting and assuming that the elastic coefficient is negative, we prove that the exponential energy decay follows if the coupling coefficient is smaller than the square root of the product between the heat capacity and the elastic coefficient. Then, fully discrete approximations are introduced by using the finite element method and the implicit Euler scheme. Some numerical simulations are performed: in a first onedimensional example, we show the decay of the discrete energy depending on the value of the coupling coefficient and the heat diffusion. Secondly, two dimensional studies are considered depending on the expression of the elastic tensors, including diagonal matrices with the same eigenvalue, diagonal matrices with different eigenvalues and full matrices.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Mechanical engineering and machinery
Francisco Javier García Arellano, Ítalo Donoso Barraza, Angélica Flores Bustos
et al.
Investigaciones recientes indican que organizaciones públicas y privadas en todo el mundo enfrentan brechas de ciberseguridad debido a la falta de conciencia de ciberseguridad entre sus empleados. Este estudio evalúa la cultura de ciberseguridad en diversas organizaciones de varios sectores en la ciudad de León, México. Con este propósito, se implementó un proceso de evaluación que incluyó encuestas en línea anónimas entre empleados de múltiples sectores, como empresas de servicios, negocios mayoristas, industrias manufactureras, empresas de construcción y establecimientos de comercio minorista. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 2022 y logró una tasa de respuesta del 73.33% de empleados de las organizaciones participantes. Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de fomentar una sólida cultura de ciberseguridad dentro de las organizaciones en León, lo cual implica implementar programas continuos de capacitación en conciencia de seguridad para dotar a los empleados de los conocimientos y habilidades necesarios para mitigar de manera efectiva los riesgos cibernéticos. Al analizar los resultados, surgen percepciones valiosas sobre las contramedidas implementadas por las organizaciones en León para fortalecer sus defensas de ciberseguridad y minimizar la superficie de riesgo. Estas percepciones mejoran las estrategias de ciberseguridad y fortalecen la postura de seguridad general de las organizaciones que operan en la ciudad de León.
Mechanical engineering and machinery, Industrial engineering. Management engineering
La deserción universitaria es un problema relacionado tanto con el estudiante como con la institución educativa. Este estudio propone utilizar modelos de clasificación para encontrar patrones y predecir posibles casos de deserción. Se implementó una aplicación que utiliza información universitaria para generar modelos de clasificación mediante diferentes algoritmos (redes neuronales, ID3, C4.5). El modelo C4.5 presentó los mejores resultados, destacando la relación de créditos aprobados frente a los que debería haber cursado como la variable más significativa.
Mechanical engineering and machinery, Industrial engineering. Management engineering
Biofuels are perfect replacements for conventional fossil fuels, as they are environmentally friendly, non-polluting, locally available, sustainable, renewable, and accessible. The biomass, available abundantly on the earth's crust can be used for the production of biofuels via the circular economy concept. The presence of high organic content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), etc. makes them excellent candidates for bioenergy generation. Bioenergy generation from agro-industrial wastes, a major biomass feedstock, is considered to be a promising technology for overcoming fossil fuel depletion as well as environmental pollution. Also, the utilization of agro-industrial wastes as feedstocks in large quantities resolves the concerns associated with waste management, which otherwise piles up and causes severe environmental pollution and health-hazardous effects. Thus, the current review mainly focuses on bioenergy generation via valorization of agro-industrial wastes. It also discusses various methodologies employed for the production of different biofuels e.g., biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biodiesel, etc. The review further highlights the production strategies, limitations, and prospects of agro-industrial wastes as feedstock for bioenergy generation and waste management. It gives detailed insight into the integrated depolymerization and hydrolysis of biomass where it can be effectively used as a “green tool” in various industries e.g., biorefinery applications, and be a step towards a “cleaner ecosystem and future”.
A bidirectional axial flow pump can realize bidirectional pumping, which has a wide application prospect in coastal low-head pumping stations and water jet propulsion systems. In this paper, a typical bidirectional axial flow pump is taken as the research object, and the hydraulic model of the bidirectional axial flow pump is manufactured. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the bidirectional axial flow pump are tested on the high-precision hydraulic mechanical test bench, including the positive and negative directions. In the experiment, multiple pressure pulsation monitoring points were arranged in the impeller chamber, and the pressure fluctuations in the pump under a total of 42 flow conditions were measured by a micro pressure pulsation sensor, involving 21 working conditions of forward operation and 21 working conditions of reverse operation. According to the experimental results, the hydrodynamic characteristics, especially the pressure pulsation characteristics in the pump, of the two-way axial flow pump under positive and negative operation are comprehensively compared and analyzed, and the energy characteristics and the propagation law of pressure pulsation of the two-way axial flow pump under positive and negative operation are revealed. The research results provide an important reference for the safe and stable operation of coastal bidirectional axial flow pump stations.
It is substantiated that the revival of self-sufficiency of the economy and industry requires the outpacing growth of national engineering, improvement of mechanisms to stimulate development, one of which is the government's policy on import substitution, including measures to localize production. The world experience of introduction of localization measures is considered. The difficulties of implementing measures to localize production in Ukraine have been studied. The expediency of introduction of measures of the government concerning localization of manufacture of production of branch of mechanical engineering in the course of public purchases is proved. It is determined that the protectionist policy on the development of the industrial sector, in particular the localization of production, is currently practiced by almost all countries of the world, primarily developed ones. The localization of production is considered in the scientific community from two opposite positions: 1) as a protectionist measure that does not promote economic growth and hinders the free movement of goods and capital; 2) as a government measure to support the development of national producers. The draft amendments to the regulatory framework in import substitution policy are analyzed: 1) Draft resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers "Some issues of implementation of the pilot project on procurement of machinery in the field of mechanical engineering with a confirmed degree of localization" until December 31, 2021; 2) Draft amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Public Procurement" to create the conditions for sustainable development and modernization of domestic industry. Given that Ukraine has signed a number of international free trade agreements, it has been proved that it is necessary to define and substantiate in more detail its own interests, protection of national and economic security, legality of amendments to the law and the possibility of their implementation in Ukrainian legislation. The hypothesis of fixing a special regime for Ukraine for a certain period of time and establishing norms of localization of production for public procurement is substantiated.