Hasil untuk "Judaism"

John C. Lehr

Robert Brym

A late summer 2024 web panel survey of 588 Canadian Jews found that 49 percent of respondents do not identify as Zionists. Anti-Zionists rejoiced that rejection of Zionism is widespread in the Jewish community. Zionists took comfort from the same survey’s finding that 94 percent of Canadian Jews said they support the existence of a Jewish state in Israel. Many observers were puzzled over how both findings could be accurate at the same time. This paper begins to address that issue. It is based mainly on a January 2025 follow-up survey of 332 of the original respondents. The follow-up finds evidence that refusal to label oneself a Zionist is largely due to the increasingly negative connotation of the word Zionism—what linguists call “semantic drift.” This paper also finds that just 1 percent of Canadian Jews (4 percent of those who reject the Zionist label) say they are anti-Zionists.

Marcin Janczak

Officiellement, la présence des personnes juives en Nouvelle-France était interdite sous le Régime français. Et pourtant, Esther Brandeau y débarque en 1738 et refuse de se convertir. Étant à la périphérie d’un monde majoritairement chrétien, les personnes juives se servent de plusieurs stratégies afin de survivre et deviennent ainsi des figures caméléonesques. Cette étude vise à mettre en lumière Brandeau telle qu’elle est dépeinte dans les archives ainsi que chez Pierre Lasry, auteur du tout premier roman sur ce personnage historique. À travers cette comparaison, nous pouvons également observer la relation entre la réalité et la fiction, l’Histoire et la littérature, l’historien et l’écrivain. Enfin, l’histoire Brandeau rappelle que les Juif.ves sépharades, après leur expulsion de la Péninsule Ibérique, se sont installés non seulement dans le bassin méditerranéen, mais aussi bien au-delà de l’Europe, y compris au Canada. 

Mira Sucharov

Zachary M. Baker

Faris Nofal

The article deals with an unpublished monument of Modern Time Samaritan theology, namely four apologetic treatises of the theologian, historian and poet Ibr?h?m al-?Ayyah ad-Danf? (1715–1788) which are kept in the corpus of the British library. The article is preceded by a brief outline of the history of Arab Samaritan thought. It describes the infl uence of Arab-Muslim and Arab-Jewish cultures on such prominent Samaritan theologians as Munajj? b. ?adaqah, ?adaqah al-?ak?m, al-??r?, ?Ab? Sa??d and others. This infl uence led to the emergence of the “Arab Targum” of the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Samaritan exegetical and philosophical-religious tradition. From the perspective of treatise text analysis, the author reconstructs biography of ad-Danf? and concludes that his religious and philosophic views depend on Medieval Arab and Muslim theology and, in particular, on speculative theology of Islam (Kalam). Besides, the article demonstrates that the scholar keeps Kalam theory of divine attributes, reproduces fatalistic constructions of Ashari’ and Maturidi’ scholars, adopts natural-philosophic concepts of some Mutazili’ thinkers and Arabspeaking peripatetics. Therefore, fi nally, he comes to rationalistic symbolic exegesis of Mutakalims of Classic period (VIII–XIV centuries). At the same time, Ibr?h?m, who stands for strict monotheism of Samaritan religion, strives to deny stereotypes, created by his contemporaries about their coreligionists. He opposes to Mutazili’, Judaic and Christian “heresies”, introduces Samaritan theology as an ally of Muslim traditionalism, a tradition, in his opinion, inspired by God, created by one of His messengers. Separately, the article shows the way that the theologian depends on Judaic traditions and prophetic Sunnah. Thus, al-?Ayyah, in accordance with Hadithes by Muhammad and Midrashes ‘Genesis Rabbah’ and ‘Chapters of Rabbi Eliezer’, postulates imperishability of a human body part which serves to regenerate it during Resurrection of the dead. He also stands for the thesis about oneness of those bodies, which were smoldered to ashes and raised from the dead by God. Besides, the article discusses modern state and chances of Samaritan studies and, especially, of the research into the handwritten legacy of Samaritan theologians of XIII–XVIII centuries.

Teuvo Laitila

Review of Omer Bartov's Anatomy of a Genocide: The Life and Death of a Town Called Buczacz (2018).

Romana Kolarzowa

Kolarzowa argues that Polish anti-Semitism is a continuous phenomenon that cannot be divided into “anti-Judaism” and “anti-Semitism”. Using the triangulation method, she indicates that all European anti-Semitism is embedded in traditional theological narratives and the resulting social options. She also discusses the reasons behind this continuity of Polish anti-Semitism, including the specificity of Poland’s social structure and the nobility’s objectives in instrumentalizing anti-Semitic discourses. Anti-Semintism was supposed to provide an inclusive option to the lower-ranking groups, while the term ‘nation’ was reserved for the nobility. This explains the prominent role of clergy in this narrative: the clergy was the only group capable of effectively shaping a collective identity of underprivileged social strata and presenting Judaism as an “antimodern,” so that anti-Semitism was associated with the identity of the modern nation.

Lech Kurkliński

The article examines the attitude of the great world religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism) toward the world of finance, including banking. The issue of usury plays a key role in the evolution of ethical aspects related to obtaining compensation for money lending. The presented analysis also focuses on other aspects of banking activities, such as saving, investing and the institutional development of the banking sector. The author underlines the far-reaching convergence between the religions in this area, in spite of the considerable variation in historical and geographical conditions of their formation. The importance of cultural (religious) differences, including some fundamental nuances that affect the banking management in different regions. For successful development, large multinational corporations have to take into consideration the above-mentioned circumstances, regardless of the globalisation processes.

Pablo Toribio Pérez

Se ofrece el texto y la traducción castellana del esbozo de traducción latina de la Reposta ahum papel de Moisés Rafael de Aguilar (m. 1679) que llevó a cabo Johann Christoph Wolf (1683-1739). El documento autógrafo de este intento de traducción se conserva en Hamburgo, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Theol. 1831. El texto portugués original es un escrito anticristiano que conoció una considerable difusión en diversos círculos protestantes, antitrinitarios y ateos durante el siglo XVIII. Dicha difusión ha sido estudiada por Martin Mulsow; sin embargo, el texto en sí todavía carece de edición.

Lyslei Nascimento

No romance Os anagramas de Varsóvia, de Richard Zimler, uma série de assassinatos brutais de crianças, durante a segregação dos judeus em guetos na Segunda Guerra, coloca o leitor diante desse mundo sem afeto e nem compaixão, de que falava Jorge Luis Borges, bem como na realidade transformada em pedra, como a dos sepulcros no texto de Italo Calvino.

Richard Zimler

Neste artigo, Richard Zimler, autor de Os anagramas de Varsóvia, narra sua visita à cidade natal de seus avós na Polônia. O impacto ao ver a casa dos avós acaba por originar uma série de reflexões sobre a Shoah, o antissemitismo e o desaparecimento dos judeus e suas consequências naquele país.

Máximo Diago Hernando

Los judeoconversos portugueses, muchos de ellos descendientes de judíos castellanos expulsados en 1492, desempeñaron un destacado papel en el comercio exterior de la Corona de Castilla durante el siglo xvii. Entre sus múltiples actividades estuvo la de exportación de lana fina castellana a Francia, los Países Bajos y otros territorios europeos. En el presente trabajo el autor contribuye a la reconstrucción de la primera fase de participación de estos mercaderes en dicho negocio, a partir de las últimas décadas del siglo xvi, tras el abandono de la actividad por los mercaderes burgaleses. Y lo hace desde una perspectiva geográfica limitada, centrando el análisis en una región en concreto, la de la Tierra de Soria y su entorno.

Filipe Amaral Rocha de Meneses

Entre 1963 e 1964, Guilherme Figueiredo – teatrólogo, romancista e crítico de teatro brasileiro – fez uma viagem a Israel, na época uma ainda jovem nação de quinze anos. Essa viagem resultou em Deus sôbre as pedras: Israel, publicado em 1965. O livro contém assuntos variados relativos a Israel, desde explicações sobre a formação do Estado, crítica teatral de autores israelenses e explicação sobre como são constituídos os kibutzim. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar este relato, tomando por base: as descrições dos locais históricos visitados pelo autor, a critica e a interpretação da cultura nacional israelense em formação e os diálogos e encontros que Figueiredo mantem com brasileiros que viviam em Israel – conversas nas quais o principal assunto era a comparação entre a cultura brasileira e a cultura israelense em formação.

Reinhard G. Kratz

L. Johnson

The question of Christianity's relation to the other religions of the world is more pertinent and difficult today than ever before. While Christianity's historical failure to appreciate or actively engage Judaism is notorious, Christianity's even more shoddy record with respect to “pagan” religions is less understood. Christians have inherited a virtually unanimous theological tradition that thinks of paganism in terms of demonic possession, and of Christian missions as a rescue operation that saves pagans from inherently evil practices.

Eliza Slavet

Fabian E. Udoh, S. Heschel, M. Chancey et al.

V. Tcherikover