Hasil untuk "History of the arts"

Fernando Espí Forcén

El clásico de culto la montaña sagrada de Alejandro Jodorowsky se estrenó en 1973 y desde entonces ha disfrutado de un creciente estatus de culto, alimentado aún más por el reciente movimiento renacentista psicodélico. Con un tono humorístico, la montaña sagrada incorpora las ideas y valores de su época tales como el reto a las autoridades vigentes, y el rechazo a los cánones de vida tradicionales mediante la exploración de filosofías alternativas como las religiones orientales, la alquimia, la astrología y el tarot. Rica en imágenes psicodélicas arraigadas en la tradición psicoanalítica, la película sirve como una representación de la contracultura del momento. Con propósito de este artículo, revisaremos, analizaremos e interpretaremos el simbolismo mostrado en esta la montaña sagrada, que explora importantes temas pertinentes a la cultura visual psicodélica, tales como la descripción de diferentes sustancias y ceremonias psicodélicas, filosofías de la contracultura psicodélica, exploración del trauma, deconstrucción de las normas sociales y los efectos terapéuticos de las sustancias psicodélicas.  

Hadeel Azhar

This study highlights Thuraya Al Arrayed’s unconventional portrayal of women in selected revolutionary poems that address the concept of women’s rights. It explores how Al Arrayed’s representation of women challenged the restrictions imposed on Saudi women before the reign of King Salman Al Saud and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Thus, this research adds to the existing body of knowledge by offering a new approach to Al Arrayed’s poetry concerning the aspects of women’s rights in contemporary Saudi Arabia. By considering Al Arrayed’s radical choice of metaphors and images, I aim to establish Al Arrayed as a significant female poet whose poetry embraces a literary tradition that questions negative gendered attitudes biased against passionate women. In my approach to Al Arrayed’s poetry, I consult selected poems from her published and unpublished volumes, along with biographical notes based on personal interviews. Additionally, I examine sociological research on the changing role of women, which coincides with the transitional phase in contemporary Saudi Arabia. To my knowledge, the thematic focus offered in this article is absent from contemporary literature. Therefore, the significance of this research lies in its contribution to advancing the discourse on Al Arrayed by addressing aspects not previously considered

Ivan Ghezzi, Jacek Kościuk, Warren Church et al.

We combined datasets from multiple research projects and remote sensing technologies to evaluate conservation conditions at La Fortaleza de Kuelap, a pre-Hispanic site in Peru that suffered significant damage under heavy seasonal rains in April 2022. To identify the causes of the collapse and where the monument is at further risk, we modeled surface hydrology using a DTM derived from drone LiDAR data, reconstructed a history of collapses, and calculated the volume of the most recent by fusing terrestrial LiDAR and photogrammetric datasets. In addition, we examined subsurface water accumulation with electrical resistivity, reconstructed the stratification of the monument with seismic refraction, and analyzed vegetation loss and ground moisture accumulation using satellite imagery. Our results point to rainwater infiltration as the most significant source of risk for La Fortaleza’s perimeter walls. Combined with other adverse natural conditions and contemporary conservation interventions, this led to the 2022 collapse. Specialists need to consider these factors when tasked with conserving monuments located in comparable high-altitude perhumid environments. This integration of analytical results demonstrates how multi-scalar and multi-instrumental approaches provide comprehensive and timely assessments of conservation needs.

Ian Brooks, Laura Harrison, Mark Reeves et al.

This research explores the use of History to enhance education in the field of ICT For Sustainability ICT4S in response to a challenge from the ICT4S 2023 conference. No previous studies were found in ICT4S but the literature on History and Education for Sustainable Development is reviewed. An ICT4S lecturer collaborated with History lecturers to add an historic parallel to each weeks teaching on a Sustainable Business and Computing unit for final year undergraduate BSc Business Computing students. A list of the topics and rationale is provided. Student perceptions were surveyed before and after the teaching and semi-structured interviews carried out. A majority of students saw relevance to their degree and career. There was an increase in the proportion of students with interest in History. The paper explores the lessons learned from the interdisciplinary collaboration, including topic choice, format and perceived value. The project has enhanced the way we approach our subjects as computing and history educators. We believe this is the first empirical, survey-based study of the use of history to enhance ICT4S education. The team will extend the research to a larger unit covering a wider range of computing degrees.

Julio Urizarna-Carasa, Daniel Ruprecht, Alexandra von Kameke et al.

The movement of small but finite spherical particles in a fluid can be described by the Maxey-Riley equation (MRE) if they are too large to be considered passive tracers. The MRE contains an integral "history term" modeling wake effects, which causes the force acting on a particle at some given time to depend on its full past trajectory. The history term causes complications in the numerical solution of the MRE and is therefore often neglected, despite both numerical and experimental evidence that its effects are generally not negligible. By numerically computing trajectories with and without the history term of a large number of particles in different flow fields, we investigate its impact on the large-scale Lagrangian dynamics of simulated particles. We show that for moderate to large Stokes numbers, ignoring the history term leads to significant differences in clustering patterns. Furthermore, we compute finite-time Lyapunov exponents and show that, even for small particles, the differences in the resulting scalar field from ignoring the BHT can be significant, in particular if the underlying flow is turbulent.

Georges Gagneré

In parallel with the dissemination of information technology, we note the persistence of frontiers within creative practices, in particular between the digital arts and the performing arts. Crossings of these frontiers brought to light the need for a common appropriation of digital issues. As a result of this appropriation, the AvatarStaging platform and its software dimension AKN_Regie will be described in their use to direct avatars on a mixed theatre stage. Developed with the Blueprint visual language within Epic Games' Unreal Engine, AKN_Regie offers a user interface accessible to non-programming artists. This feature will be used to describe two perspectives of appropriation of the tool: the Plugin perspective for these users and the Blueprint perspective for programming artists who want to improve the tool. These two perspectives are then completed by a C++ perspective that aligns AKN_Regie with the language with which the engine itself is programmed. The circulations between these three perspectives are finally studied by drawing on work on the ecology of collective intelligence.

Jaan Janno

Inverse problems for a diffusion equation containing a generalized fractional derivative are studied. The equation holds in a time interval $(0,T)$ and it is assumed that a state $u$ (solution of diffusion equation) and a source $f$ are known for $t\in (t_0,T)$ where $t_0$ is some number in $(0,T)$. Provided that $f$ satisfies certain restrictions, it is proved that product of a kernel of the derivative with an elliptic operator as well as the history of $f$ for $t\in (0,t_0)$ are uniquely recovered. In case of less restrictions on $f$ the uniqueness of the kernel and the history of $f$ is shown. Moreover, in a case when a functional of $u$ for $t\in (t_0,T)$ is given the uniqueness of the kernel is proved under unknown history of $f$.

Genaro Martín Damiani

Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models are nowadays a crucial quantitative tool for policy-makers. However, they did not emerge spontaneously. They are built upon previously established ideas in Economics and relatively recent advancements in Mathematics. This essay provides a comprehensive coverage of their history, starting from the pioneering Neoclassical general equilibrium theories and eventually reaching the New Neoclassical Synthesis (NNS). In addition, the mathematical tools involved in formulating a DSGE model are thoroughly presented. I argue that this history has a mixed nature rather than an absolutist or relativist one, that the NNS may have emerged due to the complementary nature of New Classical and New Keynesian theories, and that the recent adoption and development of DSGE models by central banks from different countries has entailed a departure from the goal of building a universally valid theory that Economics has always had. The latter means that DSGE modeling has landed not without loss of generality.

Stella Pelše

The article delves into the spectrum of conflicting views surrounding the need for the establishment of an art academy in Latvia. Authors with predominantly modernist attitudes asserted that an independent nation’s cultural objectives should diverge from those of the Russian-German imperial academies, which they believed stifled creativity. Instead, they advocated for training in private or state studios, reminiscent of the “good old times of the Renaissance”. Critical opinions were summarized in an open letter to the government, asserting that true art has always been revolutionary and, therefore, at odds with academic aspirations. However, opposing viewpoints argued that the future academy need not be confined to teaching drab academism. They contended that training under a single individual, without a broader educational foundation, would only produce imitators and dilettantes. While the verbal skirmishes between modernists and traditionalists subsided during the 1920s, the spotlight once again fell on the need for this institution, as the echoes of the Great Depression in the USA brought financial challenges. However, it was widely recognized that no viable alternatives to academic education had emerged, and the withdrawal of state funding would only result in a radical impoverishment of educational options.

Hutnyk Liudmyla

The goal of the research. Introduction into scientific circulation of printed film posters from collection of the Fine Arts Department of the Institute of Book Studies of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine as visual information sources for studying the Ukrainian-Polish cultural relations of the 1960s-1980s. Methodology. The method of systematization was used to work out the collection of polonika in the fond of Ukrainian printed film posters of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. The historical and cultural method is used to study the history of the Polish cinema, the activities of film organizations and joint projects of Polish filmmakers in cooperation with artists from other countries. Art criticism analysis is used for figurative and stylistic characteristics of film posters dedicated to the Polish cinema. Scientific novelty. Separated from the collection of Ukrainian printed film posters of the Fine Arts Department of the Institute of Book Studies of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine, collection of posters on the Polish subjects, for the first time, became the object of study in the context of studies of the existence of the Polish cinema in the second half of the 1950s - early 1980s in Ukraine. Conclusions. A remarkable revival of the Soviet-Polish cultural cooperation in the early 1960s and the active arrival of new Polish films in Ukrainian distribution led to the emergence of such a phenomenal phenomenon as polonika in domestic printed film posters. Posters made by Ukrainian artists in the second half of the 20th century are now perceived as peculiar artifacts, original sheets of fine publications on the history of the Polish cinema art of the corresponding period, as documentary sources of cinematographic biographies and national film production in Poland. They represent a wide genre and thematic direction of Polish films advertised and promoted in Ukraine in the late 1950s - early 1980s and at the same time are important visual and informational sources for the study of the Ukrainian-Polish cultural and artistic relations. A detailed analysis of individual samples of film posters clearly demonstrates the specifics of this type of poster graphics and illustrates the peculiarities of creative experiments of Ukrainian artists in artistic advertising of Polish films.

Munazza Zaib, Wei Emma Zhang, Quan Z. Sheng et al.

The increasing demand for the web-based digital assistants has given a rapid rise in the interest of the Information Retrieval (IR) community towards the field of conversational question answering (ConvQA). However, one of the critical aspects of ConvQA is the effective selection of conversational history turns to answer the question at hand. The dependency between relevant history selection and correct answer prediction is an intriguing but under-explored area. The selected relevant context can better guide the system so as to where exactly in the passage to look for an answer. Irrelevant context, on the other hand, brings noise to the system, thereby resulting in a decline in the model's performance. In this paper, we propose a framework, DHS-ConvQA (Dynamic History Selection in Conversational Question Answering), that first generates the context and question entities for all the history turns, which are then pruned on the basis of similarity they share in common with the question at hand. We also propose an attention-based mechanism to re-rank the pruned terms based on their calculated weights of how useful they are in answering the question. In the end, we further aid the model by highlighting the terms in the re-ranked conversational history using a binary classification task and keeping the useful terms (predicted as 1) and ignoring the irrelevant terms (predicted as 0). We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed framework with extensive experimental results on CANARD and QuAC -- the two popularly utilized datasets in ConvQA. We demonstrate that selecting relevant turns works better than rewriting the original question. We also investigate how adding the irrelevant history turns negatively impacts the model's performance and discuss the research challenges that demand more attention from the IR community.

Umut Parıltı, Erman Akyüz

The Kura-Araxes culture, one of the significant cultural phenomena of the Eastern Anatolian prehistory, originated in the second half of the 4th millennium BC with a sphere of influence that was pervasive in Transcaucasia and Northeast Anatolia including Çiğdemtepe until the end of the 3rd millennium BC. Çiğdemtepe Mound is situated within the borders of the province of Bayburt in Northeastern Anatolia among the Kura-Araxes culture, an area of research with few publications. Although the existence of Kura-Araxes culture in the Bayburt region was determined during surveys conducted in the 1940s, only the settlement records of the Büyüktepe Mound excavations carried out by Sagona in the 1990s are available. However, the excavations in this regard are not sufficient to illuminate the economic and cultural characteristics of the culture. Therefore, determining the material culture of Kura-Araxes through their dominant local features at Çiğdemtepe Mound is of great importance. The most significant artifact obtained from the Çiğdemtepe Mound excavations is the black-topped ceramic assemblage, the first of its kind to be documented in Northeast Anatolia. This type of ceramic group is known from Central Anatolia to be contemporary with the Kura-Araxes culture, and discovering this alongside the other finds at the mound is striking. Kura Araxes ceramics are handcrafted and burnished with red inner and black outer surfaces, which has been attested across Transcaucasia. The black-topped ceramics from Central Anatolia have a black interior and a red-to-brown outer surface. Apart from the combination of these two cultural variations, which have exhibited dominant local characteristics extending to the East and West, the magnificent monumental architecture, other portable small finds, and stratigraphic details also stand out, revealing the transition of the area from the Late Chalcolithic Age to the Early Bronze Age and unveiling the cultural interactions, transformations, and developments that had occurred in the Early Bronze Age. Related archeological records consist of movable and immovable cultural assets, age analyses of charred wood samples, and literature reviews.

Ilaria Molteni

Il “Sacro Catino”, oggetto esotico giunto a Genova intorno al 1100, riceve diverse identificazioni tra XII e XIII secolo: da manufatto meraviglioso a santo Graal, reliquia della Passione. Analizzando le identificazioni del catino alla luce del dialogo con il mondo letterario, questo saggio indaga la trasformazione di temi esclusivi e complessi in elementi della memoria cittadina. L’articolo si concentra dapprima sull’appropriazione del motivo del Graal, e mostra come proprio il trattamento visuale che il tema riceve nei romanzi arturiani fa di questa letteratura il veicolo ideale per identificare il catino con il Graal e visualizzare così dogmi e misteri eucaristici. La seconda parte prende in esame il luogo in cui l’associazione catino-Graal viene fissata, la Chronicadell’arcivescovo di Genova Jacopo da Varagine, e descrive come quest’opera sia all’origine della costruzione di una scenografia monumentale dedicata ai miti di fondazione genovesi che trova posto nella cattedrale e alla quale partecipa anche il catino. Il catino è dunque coinvolto in un rapporto di circolarità tra letteratura tradizionalmente destinata a pochi e monumentalizzazione dei temi letterari e al contempo è testimonianza visuale e tangibile di strategie che sfruttano la gradazione di piani culturali high e low per la costruzione della memoria collettiva.

Fabian Paischer, Thomas Adler, Vihang Patil et al.

In a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), an agent typically uses a representation of the past to approximate the underlying MDP. We propose to utilize a frozen Pretrained Language Transformer (PLT) for history representation and compression to improve sample efficiency. To avoid training of the Transformer, we introduce FrozenHopfield, which automatically associates observations with pretrained token embeddings. To form these associations, a modern Hopfield network stores these token embeddings, which are retrieved by queries that are obtained by a random but fixed projection of observations. Our new method, HELM, enables actor-critic network architectures that contain a pretrained language Transformer for history representation as a memory module. Since a representation of the past need not be learned, HELM is much more sample efficient than competitors. On Minigrid and Procgen environments HELM achieves new state-of-the-art results. Our code is available at https://github.com/ml-jku/helm.

Michael Gref, Nike Matthiesen, Christoph Schmidt et al.

Automatic speech recognition systems have accomplished remarkable improvements in transcription accuracy in recent years. On some domains, models now achieve near-human performance. However, transcription performance on oral history has not yet reached human accuracy. In the present work, we investigate how large this gap between human and machine transcription still is. For this purpose, we analyze and compare transcriptions of three humans on a new oral history data set. We estimate a human word error rate of 8.7% for recent German oral history interviews with clean acoustic conditions. For comparison with recent machine transcription accuracy, we present experiments on the adaptation of an acoustic model achieving near-human performance on broadcast speech. We investigate the influence of different adaptation data on robustness and generalization for clean and noisy oral history interviews. We optimize our acoustic models by 5 to 8% relative for this task and achieve 23.9% WER on noisy and 15.6% word error rate on clean oral history interviews.

Sang Heon Suh, Tae Ryom Oh, H. Choi et al.

Circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a biomarker for cardiovascular complications that are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). To investigate the association between circulating OPG level with long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with pre-dialysis CKD, a total of 1855 subjects with CKD from stage 1 to pre-dialysis stage 5 from a prospective cohort were analyzed. Long-term visit-to-visit BPV was determined by average real variability (ARV), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CoV) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). ARV of SBP (Adjusted β coefficient 0.143, 95% confidence interval 0.021 to 0.264) was significantly associated with serum OPG level. Although SD and CoV of SBP were not significantly associated with serum OPG level in multivariate linear regression analyses, restricted cubic spline visualized the linear correlation of serum OPG level with all of ARV, SD, and CoV. The association between serum OPG level and DBP variability was not significant. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association of serum OPG with BPV is more prominent in the subjects with Charlson comorbidity index ≤3 and in the subjects without history of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, circulating OPG level is potentially associated with long-term visit-to-visit BPV in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.

Ana Arroyo

La iglesia parroquial de San Pedro Advíncula, de la que se carece de un estudio completo, es el edificio conservado más antiguo del patrimonio arquitectónico de Redueña (Madrid) y como tal, ha sido testigo de buena parte de los eventos históricos sucedidos en el municipio. El estudio de sus fases constructivas y de algunos de sus elementos más sobresalientes, unido a la investigación de la documentación municipal, han permitido conocer buena parte de su evolución arquitectónica y ponerla en relación con la historia local. La presente contribución ofrece por primera vez un estudio detallado de esta iglesia y, a través de este, de buena parte de la historia de Redueña.

Muhammad Dharouni, Khairia Asherash, Hassan Tehrani

يعدّ المضمون وهو العنصر الأكثر ثباتًا في قصة ما لبنة لسرد القصص ومصدراً خصباً للباحثين في دراساتهم الأدبية. فهذا العنصر هو حلقة الاتصال بين العناصر القصصية ويتحقق اللقاء والمشاركة بين المصدر والجمهور بسيره خلال العمل الأدبي ولذلك يري الأدباء التقليديون أنّ القصة الأمثل هي الّتي تمّ صقل مضمونها. يؤكد الشكليون كغيرهم من الأدباء علي هذا الأمر ولكن ما يهمهم هو كيفية التعبير عن هذا العنصر لأنهم يعتقدون أنّ الموضوعات والمضامين المختلفة كالحب والموت والشعور بالوحدة وما يشبهها التي طالما كانت مفضلة للعديد من الشعراء والكتّاب غير مرحبة إلا إذا كانت مقترنة بالابتكار والإبداع. فعلي الكاتب أن يجيء بالحيل المختلفة والأساليب المتنوعة حتّي يزيل الرائحة القديمة والمعتادة لهذه الموضوعات والمضامين المتكررة. في هذا الصدد حاولت الكاتبات العربيات مثل الكتّاب العرب الذكور دائمًا استخدام الأساليب الفنية واللغوية، فقمن بمعالجة هذه المضامين المتكررة في لباس جديد إلا أنّ دراسة وتحليل طرق الانتباه إلى هذا العنصر في قصص غادة السمان القصيرة ذات قيمة كبيرة حيث تجاوزت آفاق اللفظ والمعني بخيالها الواسعة. فحاول البحث دراسة قصصها القصيرة في هذا المضمار وتوصل إلي إمكان اعتبار غادة السمان حدثًا غير متوقع في أدب المرأة العربية المعاصرة الّتي تجمع بين المنظور النسائي والخيال الفني واللغة الشعرية والعاطفة الأنثوية مع موضوعات ذكورية في العديد من قصصها كما تقوم بتنشيط المضمون وتجديده باستخدام التقنيات الجمالية المصممة الّتي تضفي علي النص شعريته وتمنحه القدرة علي التأثير

C. Kennedy, K. Wille, D. Levine et al.

PURPOSE Practice standardization may decrease donor lung shortages, however, the cause of organ acceptance pattern variation is not known. Our objective was to compare donor call practices in diverse settings. METHODS This was a prospective, multi-center study of 10 centers from 6 distinct regions. Characteristics of consecutive, first-recipient eligible, donor offers (aged ≥13) received by participating centers with definitive decisions from May 1, 2016 to October 31, 2016 were abstracted along with reasons for organ offer turn downs (as applicable) and final organ disposition. A discrepant decision was defined as a donor lung offer declined by one center that was then accepted for transplant by an alternate center. RESULTS We evaluated 2,000 consecutive offers; the majority (89.9%) were brain dead donors (BDD). Mean transplant volume was 33 transplants/year (range 11-98). Most centers had ex vivo lung perfusion and all had extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation bridging programs. Surgeons made final acceptance determinations at all centers. Declined organs had a mean donor age of 39 years, with a mean PaO2 to FiO2 (P/f) ratio of 352. The most common primary reason for offer decline was abnormal imaging followed by a low or decreasing P/f ratio. There were 412 (20.7%) discrepant offer decisions (8.1 to 41.2% of offers depending on center). Discrepant decisions significantly differed from non-discrepant decisions by transplant center mean annual volume, donor age, absolute and decreasing P/f ratio, and donor type (BDD versus circulatory death) (p<0.001 in all cases). Age was associated with an increased odds of discrepant offer (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.2-5.7, p<0.001). For every 10-year increase in donor age, the odds of a discrepant decision increased 1.23 fold. Conversely, for every 50-unit increase in P/f ratio, the odds of a discrepant decision decreased (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.75-0.84; p<0.001.) Although donor smoking status was not different between discrepant and non-discrepant decisions, for every 5-pack-year increase in donor smoking history the odds of a discrepant decision increased by 1.22 fold. (95% CI 1.1-1.36; p<0.001). CONCLUSION One in five donor offers that were initially declined by one transplant center were accepted for transplantation by another, highlighting significant variability in donor practices . Key donor and center factors were associated with discrepant decisions.

J. Andersen, G. Torres, J. V. C. N. B. Institute et al.

Context. One of the greatest uncertainties in modelling the mass-exchange phases during the evolution of a binary system is the quantity of mass and angular momentum that has been lost from the system. To constrain this problem, a favourable, evolved, and detached real binary system is valuable as an example of the end result of this process. Aims. We study the 52-day post-mass-exchange eclipsing binary V643 Ori from complete uvby light curves and high-resolution spectra. V643 Ori is double-lined and shows total primary eclipses. The orbit is accurately circular and the rotation of the two stars is synchronised with the orbit, but the photometry from a single year (1993) shows signs of weak spot activity (0.02 mag) around the primary eclipse. Results. We determined accurate masses of 3.3 and 1.9 M⊙ from the spectroscopic orbit and solved the four light curves to determine radii of 16 and 21 R⊙, using the Wilson-Devinney photometric code. The rotational velocities from the cross-correlation profiles agree well with those computed from the known radii and orbital parameters. All observable parameters are thus very precisely determined, but the masses and radii of V643 Ori are incompatible with undisturbed post-main-sequence evolution. Conclusions. We have attempted to simulate the past evolutionary history of V643 Ori under both conservative and non-conservative Case B mass transfer scenarios. In the non-conservative case we varied the amounts of mass and angular momentum loss needed to arrive at the present masses in a circular 52-day orbit, keeping the two stars detached and synchronised as now observed, but without following the evolution of other stellar properties in any detail. Multiple possible solutions were found. Further attempts were made using both the BSE formalism and the binary MESA code in order to track stellar evolution more closely, and make use of the measured radii and temperatures as important additional constraints. Those efforts yielded no satisfactory solutions, possibly due to limitations in handling mass transfer in evolved stars such as these. We remain hopeful that future theoreticians can more fully model the system under realistic conditions.