LCT (lithium–cesium–tantalum) pegmatites from the Kaustinen and Kolmozero regions contain columbite–tantalite mineralization, which has been presented in this study. Crystal structure, Raman microscopy, and optical property analyses of these minerals were performed. As a result of the structural studies and micro-area analyses, it was determined that these minerals in the pegmatites in question constitute a solid solution with numerous Mn-Fe and Nb-Ta substitutions within a single crystal. The ratio between Mn-Fe and Nb-Ta can change from crystal to crystal, which makes it impossible to find precise stechiometry between these ions. The crystallization conditions of these minerals were also determined by studying the associations of other rock-forming minerals and accessory minerals in the discussed rocks.
Norsk sammendrag Året 1840 var det første fotografiet eksponert og presentert i Norge, og i de kommende 40 årene ble norsk kulturhistorie avfotografert i økende omfang. Perioden danner i dag vår tidlige fotohistorie. Denne artikkelen diskuterer hvordan tidlig fotografi, dets estetikk og kunstneriske kvaliteter kan bli evaluert som kunstneriske arbeider i vår samtid, og hvilke fortolkninger som kan legges til grunn. For å illustrere problemstillingen diskuteres hvordan fotografi er et produkt av vår kulturhistorie, samtidig som det kan analyseres for sine kunstneriske kvaliteter. En slik tilnærming kan være med på å aktualisere fotomaterialet eksempelvis ved moderne formidling i arkiv og museumsinstitusjoner. Artikkelens empiri tar utgangspunkt i tidlig norsk fotohistorie fra områdene Agder og Telemark bevart ved de tre museumsinstitusjonene Aust-Agder museum og arkiv, Kuben, Berg-Kragerø Museum og Telemark Museum. Artikkelen presenterer samtidig unike fotoeksemplarer fra de tre samlingene.
The article The World of Yesterday and Its Adversaries: (Dis)continuities in Post-war Austrian Literature provides an outline of the complex interplay of ruptures and continuities in Austrian literature since 1945 and relates them to the historical context. After a phase of catching up on international trends, the Austrian readership largely leaned towards the literary past (of the Austro-Hungarian and the interwar period), encouraged by the cultural policies of the Allies who – operating on the basis of the victim theory – endorsed a cultural heritage that would strengthen the overall sense of community among the Austrian population. After 1948, the lack of reorganization of the literary field became evident in the dominance of catholic conservative agents who upheld their pre-war cultural ideals, and the reintegration of (lesser) Nazi offenders into the literary scene, all of this to the disadvantage of unknown, progressive, and avantgarde writers, whose publishing opportunities were scarce. The article explores how the new generation's various ways of confronting the past represent significant breaks in this continuity, while becoming a major literary trend in their own right.
Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages, History of Northern Europe. Scandinavia
Samandrag
Artikkelen ser på korleis lokal rettskultur frå norske bygder kom til uttrykk i stortingsdebattar mellom 1815 og 1848. Analysen følgjer bøndenes initiativ for å fjerne regulering av sakførarverksemd, og legg deira erfaringar frå bygdetinget til grunn for stortingsforslaga. Sporadisk bruk av lekmannsforsvararar kunne skje på tinget, noko som hang saman med det reelle behovet for rettshjelp på bygdene samt ei delvis negativ innstilling til embetsprokuratorar. Bondeforslaga om frislepp frå 1815 og framover fekk aldri fleirtal i begge avdelingar i den lovgivande forsamlinga. Frå 1830-åra blei bondeinitiativa neglisjert til fordel for ei moderat linje under fana til liberale borgarar, som ville halde på kravet om juridisk eksamen. Den nye lova blei dermed fundert på borgarskapets ideal, meir enn bøndenes erfaringar. Artikkelen foreslår at bøndenes initiativ for frislepp av sakførarnæringa likevel må ha ein sentral plass i forståinga av korleis Noreg fekk ei av dei mest liberale sakførarlovene i Europa i 1848.
ABSTRACT: During the 1940s the Icelandic novelist Halldór Laxness embarked on a project
to oversee the publication of five medieval sagas. The project emerged as a response
to certain editorial practices common to the time and, like many of Halldór’s endeavours,
invited no small measure of controversy. In fact, Halldór’s publication venture resulted
in a legal battle with the Icelandic government, from which he ultimately emerged
victorious. An examination of his editorial project and its background demonstrates
much about Halldór’s own understanding of the medieval sagas and the wider significance
of the saga heritage in the context of modern Icelandic society and culture. Moreover,
this project was also intimately connected to Halldór’s own artistic pursuits at the
time and in the years that followed, and thus provides important insight into the
writer he was and the writer he was yet to become.
History of Northern Europe. Scandinavia, Language and Literature
ABSTRACT: This article analyzes Loveleen Rihel Brenna’s memoir, Min annerledeshet, min styrke (2012) [My Otherness, My Strength]. It focuses on Brenna’s use of literary appropriation techniques, the memoirist’s
use of intertextuality, and the role of the Bildungsroman genre in her memoir. The article begins by contextualizing Brenna’s diasporic location.
Then, using concepts inspired from Rachel Blau DuPlessis’s book Writing Beyond the Ending (1985) in conjunction with intertextual references from Brenna’s memoir, the article offers
a close reading of Min annerledeshet, min styrke to explore the complexity of Brenna’s use of the conventional and unconventional
patterns of the female Bildungsroman genre in order to understand how her use of the genre engages with the question of
women and multiculturalism in Norway.
History of Northern Europe. Scandinavia, Language and Literature