Hasil untuk "History of France"

Henry Mintzberg, Bruce W. Ahlstrand, J. Lampel

Briefly Noted

B. Labonté, M. Suderman, G. Maussion et al.

Alice P. Julier, P. V. Esterik

History, is a Center for International Education (CIE) Global Studies Fellow. Her research project, entitled “Telling the Truth about Colonialism in the Body: Malnutrition and Its Effects on Birth, Reproduction, and Infant Health in Morocco,” concerns not food, but its absence. Although scholars have argued that colonial regimes appropriate native bodies as sites for the legitimization of foreign rule, scientific superiority and state control, she argues that the biomedical body can also tell the truth about colonialism. French physicians blamed Moroccan infant mortality on native midwifery and Islamic traditional healing, but the Moroccan woman’s collapsed pelvis and the kwashiorkor of the Muslim infant revealed that food, not Islam, was the cause of child death. Collegium

Camille Jacquot, Annabelle Sansalone

Germain Boffrand (1667–1754) was the architect of the Château de Lunéville for Duke Leopold I, beginning in 1709. He designed a project in the pure spirit of early eighteenth-century French architecture, characterized by plaster decorations applied sparingly. These were crafted to adorn the smooth transitions of ceilings and the overmantels of fireplaces. The château underwent its last major project during the significant renovation campaign between 1719 and 1723, which included the creation of the wings for the ducal apartments. Recent archival research studies conducted by the Regional Inventory Service and the Château de Lunéville Museum provide a fairly comprehensive understanding of the decorations in the antechamber of the toilette of Duchess Élisabeth-Charlotte d’Orléans, executed by the sculptors Jean Vallier and Barthélemy II Mesny. This decoration project offers a remarkable opportunity to study a coherent and emblematic ensemble from ducal Lorraine. The technical study, which included the implementation and observation of the painted surface layers, was carried out in the summer of 2021 by a group formed of the ECMH study office (the project leader) and three restorers (Hélène Dreyfus, Ophélie Grangier and Annabelle Sansalone). This study was part of a broader project aimed at assessing the condition of the plaster decorations in the duchess’s antechamber and securing them.

Steven Van Borm, Ann Kathrin Ahrens, Claudia Bachofen et al.

In Europe, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus circulates in avian wildlife, undergoing frequent reassortment, sporadic introductions in domestic birds, and spillover to mammals. An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortant, EA-2023-DG, affecting wild and domestic birds was detected in western Europe in November 2023. Six of its RNA segments came from the EA-2021-AB genotype, but the polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments originated from low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Discrete phylogeographic analyses of concatenated genomes and single polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments suggested reassortment in summer 2023 near the southwestern Baltic Sea. Subsequent continuous phylogeographic analysis of all concatenated EA-2023-DG genomes highlighted circulation in northwestern Europe until June 2024 and long-distance dispersal toward France, Norway, England, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Austria. Those results illustrate the value of phylodynamic approaches to investigate emergence of novel avian influenza virus variants, trace their subsequent dispersal history, and provide vital clues for informing outbreak prevention and intervention policies.

Mathieu Boderau, Corentin Jouault, Camille Aracheloff et al.

Studying insect fossils, particularly those preserved as compressions in sedimentary matrices, can be difficult due to the taphonomic processes that often result to poor preservation and contrast of structures compared to the embedding matrix. To address this, we propose a user-friendly and simple methodology based on UV-light to study insect fossils and select specimens of interest for more advanced imagery exploration. While UV-light imaging has been previously applied to compressions of arthropod fossils, it typically involved laser light sources. Our approach allows the investigation of fossils using an affordable, compact, and portable UV-light source, along with a simple and replicable low-cost protocol. • The methodology is based on UV-light induced natural fluorescence of sediment and fossil remains. • UV-light is effective on compression fossils to gain natural contrast and enhance observation of body structures like veins or setae on wings. • UV-light is effective to reveal palaeoecological information such as pollen grains preserved on specimens, especially near or on putative pollinator or pollen-eating taxa.

Sarah Bomba

The article is based on the analysis of the transformation of the consciousness of Polish society and the plans for reforming state-church relations contained in the programmes of the parties created ruling coalition after the elections of 15th October 2023. This transformation is comparable to the dynamics of changes in confessional politics in France in the 1880s. By presenting the historical conditions that translated into the axiology of both countries and their attitudes towards the ecclesiastical institution, the author outlines the main axes of comparison in order to demonstrate the unprecedented identity’s transformation in Polish society. This transformation leads to increasing secularisation that influence the funding of the Catholic Church from the state budget. The analysis was carried out using the literature on the development of secularism in France and Poland, as well as legal sources allowing to outline the legislative framework for the financing of religious associations (particularly the Catholic Church) in contemporary political history.

R. M. Walter, R. M. Walter, H. R. Sayani et al.

<p>The response of the hydrological cycle to anthropogenic climate change, especially across the tropical oceans, remains poorly understood due to the scarcity of long instrumental temperature and hydrological records. Massive shallow-water corals are ideally suited to reconstructing past oceanic variability as they are widely distributed across the tropics, rapidly deposit calcium carbonate skeletons that continuously record ambient environmental conditions, and can be sampled at monthly to annual resolution. Climate reconstructions based on corals primarily use the stable oxygen isotope composition (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹⁸</span>O), which acts as a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST), and the oxygen isotope composition of seawater (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹⁸</span>O<span class="inline-formula">_sw</span>), a measure of hydrological variability. Increasingly, coral <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹⁸</span>O time series are paired with time series of strontium-to-calcium ratios (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="05c54804891904b379974c95750768ee"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-15-2081-2023-ie00003.svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" src="essd-15-2081-2023-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>), a proxy for SST, from the same coral to quantify temperature and <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹⁸</span>O<span class="inline-formula">_sw</span> variability through time. To increase the utility of such reconstructions, we present the CoralHydro2k database, a compilation of published, peer-reviewed coral <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="a8fcf3e6d62388e790f29de730d47925"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-15-2081-2023-ie00004.svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" src="essd-15-2081-2023-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹⁸</span>O records from the Common Era (CE). The database contains 54 paired <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="24501397176f693c176ed06eccebf5db"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-15-2081-2023-ie00005.svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" src="essd-15-2081-2023-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>–<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹⁸</span>O records and 125 unpaired <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e4eb43ce70121447c45a804baadbd9dc"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-15-2081-2023-ie00006.svg" width="33pt" height="14pt" src="essd-15-2081-2023-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> or <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹⁸</span>O records, with 88 % of these records providing data coverage from 1800 CE to the present. A quality-controlled set of metadata with standardized vocabulary and units accompanies each record, informing the use of the database. The CoralHydro2k database tracks large-scale temperature and hydrological variability. As such, it is well-suited for investigations of past climate variability, comparisons with climate model simulations including isotope-enabled models, and application in paleodata-assimilation projects. The CoralHydro2k database is available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format with serializations in MATLAB, R, and Python and can be downloaded from the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information's Paleoclimate Data Archive at <a href="https://doi.org/10.25921/yp94-v135">https://doi.org/10.25921/yp94-v135</a> (Walter et al., 2022).</p>

Janine Bedrossian

The medical journal Hay Pouj (“Armenian Medicine”) was published in Paris from 1934 to 1967 by its founder and main editor, the writer Chavarch Nartouni (pen name of Chavarch Ayvazian). This article shows how, during this period, the review aimed to operate as a rallying space for Armenian immigrants living in France. Through its “medical-prophylactic and hygienic” project, Hay Pouj positioned itself at the “bedside” of the Armenian community in exile after the genocide, providing health advice and updating the community on the latest medical news. The history of this periodical reminds us of difficulties encountered in publishing a specialized Armenian-language journal on a permanent basis, with a worldwide distribution aimed at the diaspora. Hay Pouj is not a mere medical journal, as its more general ambition is to broker scientific knowledge. At another level, this editorial venture can also be read as an autobiographical portrait of Chavarch Ayvazian/Nartouni.

G. Aad, B. Abbott, D.C. Abbott et al.

A measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair (tt¯) production in association with a photon is presented. The measurement is performed in the single-lepton tt¯ decay channel using proton–proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN at a centre-of-mass-energy of 13 TeV during the years 2015–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. The charge asymmetry is obtained from the distribution of the difference of the absolute rapidities of the top quark and antiquark using a profile likelihood unfolding approach. It is measured to be AC=−0.003±0.029 in agreement with the Standard Model expectation.

Hans Baumann

Cet article a pour but d’examiner les stratégies argumentatives mises en œuvre dans le conflit autour de la Bretagne entre le Habsbourg Maximilien Ier et Charles VIII de France dans les années 1490 à 1493. Ce conflit éclata à la suite du mariage de Charles avec Anne de Bretagne, qui était déjà mariée avec Maximilien à cette date-là. Il en ressort que Maximilien s’efforçait avant tout de représenter l’action de la France comme une menace pour l’existence de l’Empire afin de gagner les états impériaux et leur soutien financier à sa politique. En revanche, la stratégie argumentative de Charles se basa notamment sur la justification directe de la légitimité ou de l’illégitimité des deux mariages. Pour ce faire, il se servit, contrairement à Maximilien, surtout d’arguments juridiques.

Hadrien Clouet

T.O. Buidina, O.F. Rozhok, V.I. Chizhankova

Objective – to explore the history of the introduction and selection of climbing roses of the genus Rosa L. in the world and Ukraine, find out the main periods in the history of cultivation of these plants and identify the most important introduction and selection centers. Material and methods. In the process of studying literary sources historical-scientific method was used. Problem-chronological method provided a sequence of presentation of the material. Results. In the history of the introduction of roses, one of the main factors was the attraction to the culture of wild agrestic rosehip species. This process lasted quite a long time (five centuries), but had very positive consequences for the future development of roses and climbing particulars. The most intense exchange of plants occurred in the period of the great geographical discoveries, starting from the XV century. Long before New Era, roses were cultivated in China and India, in countries of the Middle East and Asia Minor. From there, with the flourishing of trade in the ancient period they penetrated into ancient Greece, and in subsequent centuries into the countries of Western Europe. The introduction of Sino-Chinese plants into the botanical gardens of Europe began in the first half of the XVIII century and reached its peak in the 40s–60s of the XIX century. During the XVII–XIX centuries and at the beginning of the XX century, significant amount of wild rose was brought from Southeast Asia, but the most important ancestors of climbing roses that originate from Asia are: R. chinensis Jacq., R. lucieae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crep., R. multiflora Thunb., R. moschata Herrm. Based on the analysis of the history of the selection of climbing roses in the world, three main periods can be distinguished: the last is the period of prehistory by 1875; the present – from 1875 to 1967, the modern – from 1967. Intensive selection work with roses in Europe began in the XVIII century. Wide-scale work was carried out in France, Germany, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Denmark. The revolution in the formation of a new assortment of climbing roses produced R. multiflora and R. wichuriana Crep. Barbier (France) breeders in Jackson, Perkins and Brownelló in the USA achieved particularly significant results in the selection of Vihurayan roses in France. M.A. Gartvis, M.D. Kostetskiy, V.M. Klimenko, Z.K. Klimenko, K.I. Zykov made a significant contribution to the development of domestic breeding. As a result of the tremendous work done by the breeders, a worldwide assortment of climbing roses has been created, which now numbers thousands of varieties. Conclusions. The early periods of the introduction of climbing roses in the world (the initial and the period of intensive introduction) are analyzed. It was revealed that R. moschata has long been used in climbing gardens in the Middle East countries, and in the United States (since 1759) the East Asian species R. laevigata. During the period of active involvement of Sino-Chinese plants R. multiflora (1868) was introduced into Europe’s botanical gardens. According to results of studying the history of culture and the experience of introduction of climbing roses of the genus Rosa in Ukraine, the main introduction centers have been identified. The study of the history of the selection of climbing roses in the world and in Ukraine and the analysis of the stages of the selection process with climbing roses made it possible to identify outstanding breeders who have made significant contributions to the development of selection and the creation of varieties of climbing roses.

Thalia Brero

The significant development of princely and royal ceremonies at the end of the Middle Ages led the courts to an increase in documentation regarding these matters. This article presents the new types of texts specifically dedicated to dynastic rituals produced in the Renaissance (scripts, narrative accounts, printed booklets and so on). It then focuses on how these documents crossed not only the borders but also the centuries; in other words, how courts archived celebrations from other countries and from the past. It was necessary to keep the memory of these exceptional events, but also to be able to draw on them when inspiration was needed in planning a new ceremony.

Jennifer Buyck, Samuel Martin, Maryvonne Prévot et al.

At the time of many Grenoble fiftieth anniversary celebrations - that of the AURG Urban Planning Agency of Grenoble Region in 2017, that of the Winter Olympics in 2018, that of the Villeneuve -, we propose a history of the Institut d’Urbanisme de Grenoble based on an original exploration of its archives as well as on interviews of former teachers and students. Founded in 1969 under the name Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche - Urbanisation, Aménagement, the Urban Planning Institute of Grenoble (attached to the University of Social Sciences and later to the University Grenoble-Alpes) emerged from the effervescence of May 1968 but also from the election a few years earlier (1965) of a team inspired by a renewed municipal socialism (Municipal Action Group led by Hubert Dubedout). In order to emancipate itself from state supervision, the "Grenoble urban laboratory" then acquired both an Urban Planning Agency and a training and experimentation tool in the field of teaching and research in urbanism, urbanization and planning. Why are we talking about experimentation? Because the initial pedagogical project is not common. Contrary to other trainings in urban planning from the same period, in Grenoble, in an Institute “ouvert à quatre vents”, they focused on a dual training: on one hand a doctoral program, that led to a PhD and on the other hand continuing education. Research seminars, internships and case studies (before being called field workshops then project workshops) formed the students’ schedules. By analyzing the links to the professional, political and activist worlds, by understanding the relations with other academic disciplines (architecture, law, economics, engineering, geography, psychology and sociology) and with urban research and contractual structures Finally, by studying, finally, the processes of institutionalization and territorial anchoring, we demonstrate how and when Grenoble’s pedagogy of urban planning has proved innovative. The foundations and scope of this training will be discussed. Besides, this history of the Grenoble Institute of Urbanism is also a way of questioning the evolution of the urban discipline (doctrines and practices), notably through the trajectories of influential personalities, academics or practitioners who punctuated the life of the Institute (Jean Verlhac, Claude Domenach, Jean-François Parent, Christian Lacroix, ...). Its evolution is also revealing of the ideas and contexts that found it and run through it (ZUP and major ensembles revisited, revitalization of old centers, creation of social and cultural facilities, citizen participation to the contemporary problems of metropolis). It can be observed by the workshop themes and issues addressed in theses, study reports and student trajectories, whether in or outside France

Liliana Doganova, Martin Giraudeau, Hans Kjellberg et al.

Not Available.

P. Hutton, D. Gordon

Stefan Wasserbäch

Dans les comédies-ballets de Molière, les patres familias s’accordent le privilège de disposer librement de leurs filles en leur interdisant le mariage ou en les mariant avec un homme de leur choix, selon les avantages que les gendres leur apportent. Motivés par leur seul égoïsme, ils agissent d’une manière autoritaire contre la morale moderne de l’époque et provoquent un conflit avec leurs filles. Ce conflit n’est pas seulement un conflit entre les générations, mais aussi entre hommes et femmes. Du fait de la particularité du genre, la comédie-ballet offre des résolutions originales et présente de nouvelles conceptions de l’art dramatique du XVIIe siècle, qui ont également trait à sa dimension éthique et esthétique.

Dafydd Bened Walters

Abstract: Each of the two great law-making events of 1215, Magna Carta and the Fourth Lateran Council, included provisions relating to dispossession (spoliation, disseisin) and how to remedy some of its previous deficiencies. This paper considers the legal texts in some detail and the history behind them, in canon law and, in relation to this topic, its Roman base; and in England, notably the legislation of the Anglo-Norman King Henry II (1154-1189). It then considers the effect of these changes in both canon and secular law after 1215 in the rest of the 13th century and a little beyond. The Anglo-Norman royal law is also compared with variants found in boroughs or cities (like London); in northern France; and in the Liber Augustalis of Frederick II for his kingdom in Sicily and southern Italy.