Hasil untuk "History of Asia"

H. Stefánsson, Agnar Helgason, G. Thorleifsson et al.

P. Adams, D. Reboussin, J. Barton et al.

S. Larney, Hannah Kopinski, C. Beckwith et al.

C. Schneider, Odaine N. Gordon, R. Edwards et al.

C. Wong, Y. Yanagi, W. Lee et al.

Ni Komang Sutriyanti, I Putu Andre Suhardiana, I Dewa Gede Darma Permana

The lack of waste management awareness leading to waste accumulation has prompted elementary schools in Denpasar to implement a Hindu Eco-ethics-based Zero Waste program. Using a qualitative research method with a field study approach, this study aims to explore and analyze the program’s implementation, challenges, and its implications for strengthening student character. Primary data was collected through interviews and observations, supported by secondary data from literature reviews and documentation. Through qualitative data analysis using the Miles and Huberman approach and verified with triangulation techniques, the findings reveal that the Zero Waste program focuses on systematic efforts to enable school communities to manage their own waste. The challenges include awareness gaps, infrastructure limitations, and insufficient external support. Despite these obstacles, the program shows positive impacts on student character building. This research provides guidelines for waste management program development and serving as a reference for future environmental studies.

Philine S. E. zu Ermgassen, Thomas A. Worthington, Jonathan R. Gair et al.

Abstract Mangroves are a critical habitat that provide a suite of ecosystem services and support livelihoods. Here we undertook a global analysis to model the density and abundance of 37 commercially important juvenile fish and juvenile and resident invertebrates that are known to extensively use mangroves, by fitting expert-identified drivers of density to fish and invertebrate density data from published field studies. The numerical model predicted high densities throughout parts of Southeast and South Asia, the northern coast of South America, the Red Sea, and the Caribbean and Central America. Application of our model globally estimates that mangroves support an annual abundance of over 700 billion juvenile fish and invertebrates. While abundance at the early life-history stage does not directly equate to potential economic or biomass gains, this estimate indicates the critical role of mangroves globally in supporting fish and fisheries, and further builds the case for their conservation and restoration.

Xufei Fang

Dislocations in ceramics have enjoyed a long yet underappreciated research history. This brief historical overview and reflection on the current challenges provides new insights into using this line defect as a rediscovered tool for engineering functional ceramics.

Muhammed Adil Yatkin, Mihkel Korgesaar, Jani Romanoff et al.

Current neural network (NN) models can learn patterns from data points with historical dependence. Specifically, in natural language processing (NLP), sequential learning has transitioned from recurrence-based architectures to transformer-based architectures. However, it is unknown which NN architectures will perform the best on datasets containing deformation history due to mechanical loading. Thus, this study ascertains the appropriateness of 1D-convolutional, recurrent, and transformer-based architectures for predicting deformation localization based on the earlier states in the form of deformation history. Following this investigation, the crucial incompatibility issues between the mathematical computation of the prediction process in the best-performing NN architectures and the actual values derived from the natural physical properties of the deformation paths are examined in detail.

Komron Kh. Rakhimov

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Tero Alstola, Paola Corò, Rocio Da Riva et al.

The aim of this article is to discuss several groups of sources which are of special interest regarding the question of Mesopotamian identities after 539 bce, towards the end of the use of cuneiform writing. In this late period, several languages and scripts were in use in Mesopotamia; therefore, groups of Akkadian, Aramaic, Greek, and Sumerian texts are discussed. The scripts used are Aramaic letters, cuneiform, and the Greek alphabet. A scholar who is interested in late Mesopotamian identities needs to take all these documents into account. This article aims at giving a brief overview on available textual material and where to find it. The topics of these texts vary from administrative documents to highly literary texts. The authors discuss Aramaic inscriptions, legal and administrative cuneiform texts, the astronomical diaries, the Seleucid Uruk scholarly texts, the late Babylonian priestly literature, Emesal cult-songs from the Hellenistic period, the Graeco-Babyloniaca (clay tablets containing cuneiform and Greek), and finally Greek inscriptions from Mesopotamia.

Vineet Gairola, Shubha Ranganathan

The state of Uttarakhand in India is referred to as dev bhūmi (Land of the Gods)  as it is home to several devī-devtās (local deities), sages, and ṛṣis whose presence renders the geography of this land a potent one. The soundscape of temples in Uttarakhand includes bells, chants, mantras, and ḍhol-damauñ, the latter referring to two rhythmic instruments which are used to facilitate divine possession. Kandara village is situated in Uttarakhand’s Rudraprayag district where there is a temple of a goddess named Rājrājeshwarī Devī who is said to be a form of goddess Durgā. During the times of Navrātri, the nine forms of goddess Durgā are worshiped. It is also one of the times where various religious practices in conjunction with worship take place in the Garhwal Himalayan region. As a result, an older idol of the devī was replaced by a newer one during this time in the Rājrājeshwarī Devī temple of Kandara village. Like in the case of the Rājrājeshwarī Devī, through her naur (representative/medium), the Rājrājeshwarī Devī engages with her devotees and ‘remembers’ their problems and conflicts which she attempts to resolve if asked. Through these transactions, a strong intimate bond at the level of everyday living is formed with a deity. This photo essay aims to provide a closer peek into the realm of lived practices and traditions from the Central Himalayas and to document such experiences which often lie in the zone of orality. The worship of the Rājrājeshwarī Devī holds not only a cathartic value but a protective function which she fulfills by ensuring good health and prosperity for the entire village.

Mario De Grandis

La noción de “literatura de minorías étnicas” está bien establecida en los estudios literarios en China. Según la definición canónica, esta categoría se cumple si el autor es miembro de una minoría étnica y si el contenido de su obra refleja las formas de vida de esa minoría específica. Por ende, dicha definición depende del análisis de la etnia del autor y de los temas de su obra, e ignora el papel del lector en el proceso de interpretación literaria. Para llenar ese vacío, esta investigación se pregunta qué hace que un texto sea “étnico” desde el punto de vista del lector modelo, la persona hipotética a la que se dirige la obra. Con cinco cuentos de escritores chinos contemporáneos a modo de ejemplo, se sugiere que es el contenido de un texto literario, más que el origen étnico de su autor, el que determina si ese texto se percibe como “étnico”. Por eso, se introduce la noción de “literatura sobre minorías étnicas” como herramienta de análisis literario. Esta reconceptualización destaca el uso del lenguaje y los temas como instrumentos de expresión literaria independientemente de la etnia del autor.

Kitipong Jaisamut, Rachtipan Pitiwararom, Poonyapat Sukawutthiya et al.

Abstract The evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial DNA within the Thai population were comprehensively explored with a specific focus on the influence of South Asian admixture. A total of 166 samples were collected through randomized sampling, ensuring a diverse representation. Our findings unveil substantial genetic and haplogroup diversity within the Thai population. We have identified 164 haplotypes categorized into 97 haplogroups, with a notable inclusion of 20 novel haplogroups. The distribution of haplogroups exhibited variations across different populations and countries. The central Thai population displayed a high diversity of haplogroups from both the M and N clades. Maternal lineage affinities were discerned between several Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and South Asian populations, implying ancestral genetic connections and a substantial influence of South Asian women in establishing these relationships. f 4 -statistics indicates the presence of a Tibeto-Burman genetic component within the Mon population from Thailand. New findings demonstrate two phases of population expansion occurring 22,000–26,000 and 2500–3800 years ago, coinciding with the Last Glacial Maximum, and Neolithic demographic transition, respectively. This research significantly enhances our understanding of the maternal genetic history of Thailand and MSEA, emphasizing the influence of South Asian admixture. Moreover, it underscores the critical role of prior information, such as mutation rates, within the Bayesian framework for accurate estimation of coalescence times and inferring demographic history.

Will Dumm, Mary Barker, William Howard-Snyder et al.

In many situations, it would be useful to know not just the best phylogenetic tree for a given data set, but the collection of high-quality trees. This goal is typically addressed using Bayesian techniques, however, current Bayesian methods do not scale to large data sets. Furthermore, for large data sets with relatively low signal one cannot even store every good tree individually, especially when the trees are required to be bifurcating. In this paper, we develop a novel object called the "history subpartition directed acyclic graph" (or "history sDAG" for short) that compactly represents an ensemble of trees with labels (e.g. ancestral sequences) mapped onto the internal nodes. The history sDAG can be built efficiently and can also be efficiently trimmed to only represent maximally parsimonious trees. We show that the history sDAG allows us to find many additional equally parsimonious trees, extending combinatorially beyond the ensemble used to construct it. We argue that this object could be useful as the "skeleton" of a more complete uncertainty quantification.

Linchao He, Hongyu Yan, Mengting Luo et al.

Diffusion models have recently been recognised as efficient inverse problem solvers due to their ability to produce high-quality reconstruction results without relying on pairwise data training. Existing diffusion-based solvers utilize Gradient Descent strategy to get a optimal sample solution. However, these solvers only calculate the current gradient and have not utilized any history information of sampling process, thus resulting in unstable optimization progresses and suboptimal solutions. To address this issue, we propose to utilize the history information of the diffusion-based inverse solvers. In this paper, we first prove that, in previous work, using the gradient descent method to optimize the data fidelity term is convergent. Building on this, we introduce the incorporation of historical gradients into this optimization process, termed History Gradient Update (HGU). We also provide theoretical evidence that HGU ensures the convergence of the entire algorithm. It's worth noting that HGU is applicable to both pixel-based and latent-based diffusion model solvers. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to previous sampling algorithms, sampling algorithms with HGU achieves state-of-the-art results in medical image reconstruction, surpassing even supervised learning methods. Additionally, it achieves competitive results on natural images.

Hwee Chyen Lee, T. Thng, C. Goh

Anna V. Mazarchuk

Introduction. The article deals with the use of nominal plurality markers in modern Khalkha and Buryat. Nominal plurality markers are used optionally in the Mongolic languages. However, in Buryat they are used more often than in Khalkha. Goals. In order to find out how much the figures differ at the moment (and then make some relevant conclusions), the author has collected two small corpora of newspaper articles on politics, economy, culture, and sports published in the Buryat online newspaper Buryad Unen and Mongolian webbased edition Unuudur written from April to August of 2020 — in the period preceding the start of this research, as it was critical for the author to have the utmost up-to-date materials. Materials. The Mongolian mini-corpus comprises 10 032 words, and the Buryat mini-corpus consists of 10 261 words. Newspaper articles have been chosen as study material because publicistic writings absorb language novelties faster and in greater amount than fiction or scholarly works, thus better reflecting the present-day state of the language. The field data could be a more reliable source of material but field work is currently hindered because of the epidemic situation. The author decided not to use the online corpora, which are way bigger than the manually collected ones (and this is certainly their great advantage) because it was necessary to compare texts similar in subject and volume, and written approximately at the same period of time. It is not always technically feasible to restrict the field of search in the online corpora, which makes it difficult to compare the obtained results for the two languages. Results. The collected data shows that in the Mongolian newspaper articles the plurality markers are used about 3,5 times as frequently as in the Buryat ones. Along with it, Middle Mongolian plurality markers are known to have been used about four times as frequently as in Modern Mongolian. In the conclusion the author poses questions for further study which arose after obtaining the quantitative data

Farhan Zahid

After much deliberations and delays, the US-Taliban peace deal was finally inked on February 29th, 2020 (Asia, 2020). The long-awaited peace deal though officially considered as the end of the longest war in US history but does not seem likely to last long. The peace deal focuses on much-debated vital areas such as withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan in phases (in 14 months); Taliban not to allow any Al-Qaeda presence or not to provide safe havens to Islamist terrorist groups in Afghanistan; talks between Taliban and Afghan government to begin soon; and, lifting of economic sanctions on the Taliban (US State Department, 2020). Scholars and researchers on the subject matter issues such as counter- terrorism, Afghanistan conflict, and peace negotiations are divided on the eventual outcome of this deal. Nonetheless, there are high hopes considering the success of this deal. The country has been facing the menace of terrorism and consecutive political violence since 1979, making it one of the oldest ongoing conflicts. Probably, the Afghans have suffered more than any other nation during civil wars, coups/revolutions, foreign invasions, Islamist extremist movements and insurgencies. Talking about long-awaited peace in Afghanistan sounds like honey to ears, but the question is how to achieve sustainable peace in Afghanistan, which has never been the case at least in the last 40 years. Having a bird‟s eye view of previous peace deal starting from Geneva Peace talks in 1989, to Peshawar Agreement signed with the aegis of the Pakistani government in 1992, and the subsequent Mecca Accord signed after the mediation of Saudi government; none had yielded the desired results. The survival of this peace deal remains a subject of much consideration. This essay endeavours to analyze possible scenarios in which the peace deal could work or could not work. One could always hope for the best interest of peace but making impractical hopes far from ground realities is never a sound examination of the situation.

Amir Sharon, Doron Kushnir

The $γ$-ray deposition history in an expanding supernova (SN) ejecta has been mostly used to constrain models for Type Ia SN. Here we expand this methodology to core-collapse SNe, including stripped envelope (SE; Type Ib/Ic/IIb) and Type IIP SNe. We construct bolometric light curves using photometry from the literature and we use the Katz integral to extract the $γ$-ray deposition history. We recover the tight range of $γ$-ray escape times, $t_0\approx30-45\,\textrm{d}$, for Type Ia SNe, and we find a new tight range $t_0\approx80-140\,\textrm{d}$, for SE SNe. Type IIP SNe are clearly separated from other SNe types with $t_0\gtrsim400\,\textrm{d}$, and there is a possible negative correlation between $t_0$ and the synthesized $^{56}$Ni mass. We find that the typical masses of the synthesized $^{56}$Ni in SE SNe are larger than those in Type IIP SNe, in agreement with the results of Kushnir. This disfavours progenitors with the same initial mass range for these explosions. We recover the observed values of $ET$, the time-weighted integrated luminosity from cooling emission, for Type IIP, and we find hints of non-zero $ET$ values in some SE SNe. We apply a simple $ γ$-ray radiation transfer code to calculate the $γ$-ray deposition histories of models from the literature, and we show that the observed histories are a powerful tool for constraining models.