Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Anna Doś, Paweł Oleksy, Marcin Czupryna et al.

This study aims to understand the role of CEO’ personal values for environmentally sustainable business practices. It addresses a research gap by exploring the influence of CEOs' psychological factors on business sustainability. The method applied in the study is logistic regression analysis on CEOs and firm-level data of Anglo-American companies, with data on the personal values of CEOs collected using text mining tools. Our sample consists of 139 CEOs and matching companies. We find that Openness to change values and Self-enhancement values act as enablers for corporate sustainability, while Self-transcendent values have a more complex and ambiguous impact. Our study is the first empirical examination of the effects of CEOs’ personal values on the environmental sustainability of companies, focusing on a diverse array of environmental practices and policies implemented by corporations. The practical implications of our findings highlight the importance of aligning CEO recruitment with corporate sustainability goals.

Fırat Cem Doğan

This study aims to examine the impact of environmental taxes, economic growth, and industrialisation on carbon emissions across 15 selected countries during the period 2009-2024. With the increasing threat of global climate change, the reduction of carbon emissions has become a prerequisite for sustainable development. The methodological approach employs econometric analysis using panel data techniques. Specifically, the panel ARDL model and the Hausman test were applied. The results of the Hausman test confirmed the homogeneity of long-run coefficients across countries, leading to the selection of the PMG estimator. The findings indicate that environmental taxes increase carbon emissions by 0.15% in the long run. This outcome may be explained by the ineffective allocation of tax revenues towards environmental improvements and structural deficiencies in policy implementation. Conversely, environmental taxes were observed to have a limited emission-reducing effect in the short run. The effects of economic growth, industrial production, and urbanisation on carbon emissions were found to be positive and statistically significant, resulting in increases of 1.5%, 0.42%, and 0.10%, respectively. These results underscore the importance of policy integration to mitigate the environmental costs associated with economic and social development processes. Accordingly, enhancing the effectiveness of environmental taxes requires directing tax revenues explicitly towards investments in green technologies and infrastructure, promoting the widespread adoption of eco-friendly technologies in the industrial sector, and developing sustainable urban planning and transportation policies. Furthermore, improving policy coherence and governance quality is essential to ensure that the short-term positive effects of environmental taxes translate into sustained long-term outcomes. This study highlights the necessity of comprehensive and integrated policy approaches for environmental taxes to serve as an effective instrument in reducing carbon emissions.

Wioletta Wróblewska, Anna Goliszek

This article aimed to identify the purchase motives for plant-derived unprocessed and minimally processed foods (UMPF) by individual buyers in Poland, considering their gender and age, and to segment these motives. The research was conducted on a sample of n = 1,000 using a survey method, with the CATI technique. However, the study of UMPF purchase motives could include a sample of n = 875 respondents who purchase UMPF. Relevant explanations are provided in the executive summary and methodology. Data was subjected to quantitative analyses. The methods used were mean score analysis, comparative analysis, Pearson's chi2 independence test, V-Cramer's contingency coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis. Four research hypotheses were verified. As a result of the analyses, it was proven that three groups of motivators shape the motivation to purchase UMPF: health-promoting factors (of greatest importance), pragmatic factors (of moderate importance), and marketing factors (of least importance). In addition, both the gender and age of respondents were shown to significantly differentiate the motives for purchasing UMPF. The results of factor analysis, however, revealed different structures of latent factors determining purchase motivations according to gender and age, which made it possible to distinguish two main segments of consumers with similar hierarchies of motives: the first, including women and post-working-age people, and the second, including men and people of working age. The results obtained can be used to develop social campaigns to promote UMPF consumption.

Łukasz Popławski , Aleksander Grzelak, Paweł Dziekański

The paper aims to identify the influence of waste management on the natural environment, taking into account spatial differentiation voivodeships in Poland. The article presents the results using a synthetic measure analysis. The research results refer to the mean for the years 2009-2011 and 2019-2021. The relationships between waste management and the environment in light of the presented research results are not yet synergistic or trade-off. No statistically significant regularities were found in this respect. Spillover effects for waste management between voivodeships from the perspective of Moran's spatial statistics were not observed either. In the case of the state of the environment, an increasing concentration of voivodeships with similar values of the synthetic coefficient on the state of the environment was noted. Low levels of waste management have a negative impact on the environment, so it is important to improve waste management towards a circular, closed economy model.

Zora Mária Frešová

This research explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainability discourse, primarily focusing on public opinion expressed on the Reddit platform. Using unsupervised machine learning and large language models (LLMs), we conduct opinion mining and sentiment analysis on a diverse range of Reddit discussions related to sustainability, employing both fine-grained analysis and traditional statistical methods like bigram and frequency analysis. Our findings reveal key trends in public perception and evolving attitudes towards sustainability, highlighting areas of concern and potential opportunities for intervention. Additionally, we demonstrate how AI can significantly expedite model development, enabling rapid responses to shifts in public opinion. This agility is crucial for aligning sustainability initiatives with the values and concerns of diverse stakeholders. While acknowledging the limitations of Reddit as a representative sample of global opinion and the need for further validation of AI's capabilities in specific sustainability contexts, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between AI and sustainability discourse. By understanding public sentiment and leveraging AI's potential for rapid adaptation and analysis, we can inform more effective strategies for addressing environmental challenges and promoting a sustainable future.

Andrzej Czyżewski, Anna Matuszczak

This article contains a theoretical proposal for classifying the agrarian economic theory as a separate school of heterodox economic thought, encompassing more than a dozen research streams. In this sense, it fills a gap in the general economic theory, in which, so far, the agrarian economic thought is not considered a separate school of economics. The study proves that for the development of agrarian economics, it is not necessary to adopt the monistic, reductive, and consolidative approach that characterises mainstream economics. We treat agricultural economics as a pluralistic science, taking into account different viewpoints and research paradigms of development, from industrial to sustainable. Raising the need to integrate agrarian thought, the study points to the designations of the substantive distinctiveness of agricultural economics, including the immobility of the land factor, the price and income specificity of food demand, and the compulsion to consume food. The considerations are supplemented by a conceptualisation of the studied issue concerning the situation in Poland, presented in the form of a case study.

Urszula Motowidlak, Agnieszka Bukowska-Piestrzyńska

The aim of this article is to identify the critical factors and assess the specific actions conditioning the development of electromobility from the perspective of a zero-carbon, innovative and resilient economy. These issues have a particular dimension in relation to individual mobility. The study used a combination of primary and secondary data, using various research methods and techniques, such as descriptive analysis, desk research, diagnostic survey, cause-and-effect analysis and statistical analysis. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts in managerial positions. The literature review and the results of our own research confirmed the importance of the identified factors in the uptake of electric cars. At the same time, the study highlighted the high complexity of problems regarding investment decisions determining the development of electromobility. Taking active steps to increase the level of sustainability and resilience of the electromobility system should first focus on further development of charging infrastructure, uptake of electric vehicles, development of renewable energy sources and creation of an electric vehicle battery value chain. The main expectations for the development of electromobility are to reduce CO2 emissions, reduce dependence on fossil fuel supplies, increase the competitiveness and innovation of the economy and reduce external costs generated by transport. Attempts were made to achieve the originality of the research carried out through its measurable nature. The proposed electromobility development model may contribute to the improvement of decision-making tools regarding the allocation of public funds and other sources for investments so that they contribute to the sustainable development of mobility systems.

Małgorzata Krasowska, Małgorzata Kowczyk-Sadowy , Sławomir Obidziński

Stabilized municipal sewage sludge and selected waste from agri-food processing can be used for agricultural purposes, which is part of the circular economy. Therefore, chosen residues were tested for the possibility of using them for fertilisation purposes. They were then subjected to the process of composting in a bioreactor with artificial aeration. The compost mixtures were prepared to take into account their contents of, among others, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water; in the case of sewage sludge, the contents of biological contaminants and heavy metals were also determined. Based on the conducted studies, it has been found that organic waste from agri-food processing and stabilised municipal sewage sludge can be used in the composting process. At the same time, the obtained compost is characterised by good fertilising properties. Considering the physicochemical properties of the obtained compost, it was found that it can be a precious fertiliser used as a soil additive.

Arnold Bernaciak, Anna Bernaciak, Martyna Janicka

The aim of the research presented in this paper was to identify differences in environmental awareness among students of degree programmes in various fields of study. A research hypothesis was adopted stating that the field of science within which a given field of study is conducted influences students’ perception of environmental problems. Based on surveys conducted using an original questionnaire among 418 students representing 106 fields of the study carried out at 44 Polish universities, within the framework of all fields of science, a number of regularities were revealed. It was shown that each of the distinguished groups of students has its own, separate characteristics. The greatest similarities can be found between the students of medical, natural and social sciences. Students of the humanities and technical sciences differ significantly from them.

Ismail Ali, Singgih Tri Sulistiyono

The announcement of a maritime economic initiative known as the 21st Century Maritime Silk Route (MSR) by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 created a new paradigm shift in the geo-economy and geo-politics of countries in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. With this initiative, China aims to rebuild maritime lines in the seas and oceans where China once was regarded as one of the world's leading powers. In contrast to countries in Southeast Asia, which still hold divergent views on the Chinese initiative, Indonesia sees it as an opportunity to develop regions that have long been marginalized from development. It is in line with the shift in Indonesia’s global economic-political agenda in the 21st century through a doctrine known as "Indonesia as a Maritime Fulcrum," which was initiated by “Jokowi” Widodo and Jusuf Kalla in 2014. Taking into account the importance of this idea in Indonesia's geo-economic and geo-political agenda, this study is to reflect on Indonesia’s history as a global maritime and trade power before it was undermined by the Dutch occupation. In addition, using historical approach, this study aims to see and evaluate how the idea of "Indonesia as a Maritime Fulcrum" can restore Indonesia’s reputation as a major maritime power in the Southeast Asian archipelago.

Catalunya ha estat pionera en la introducció de la majoria d'esports nàutics. Tot i que el primer club nàutic d’Espanya va ser el que es va crear a Màlaga l'any 1873 —per influència de la colònia britànica—, cinc anys més tard, el 1878, va ser fundat el Reial Club Nàutic de Tarragona. Al final del segle XIX les aigües catalanes eren testimoni de la presència de gent que sortia a remar o a navegar amb petits bots amb uns vestits ben estrafolaris. Es buscava la diversió, la salut, l'esnobisme i, potser, una barreja de tot plegat, però alhora estaven naixent els esports nàutics. Es comencen a reglar les competicions i sorgeixen tot tipus de curses i regates.

Ewa Jastrzębska

Action aimed to combat climate change and its consequences is number 13 among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): an urgent call for action announced by the UN in 2015 and highlighting the fundamental challenges to be faced by the modern world over the next 15 years. The SDGs are arousing a keen interest of the business sector. This is true also in Poland. Climate action is taken not only by large multinationals, which have become aware that degradation of the environment is now hampering development, but also by startups that are exerting an increasingly positive social impact and whose number has been growing rapidly worldwide. The article intends to asses selected cases of climate action taken by businesses in Poland. For this purpose, three parallel studies will be carried out of economic establishments based on a critical web research analysis.

Jumanto Jumanto

This research paper explores ideologies contained in the 1946 poem Kabar Dari Laut by Chairil Anwar. The main words Kabarand Lautare central in this poem. This interpretive exploration tries to find out the ideologies contained in the phrase Kabar(literally means news, however,italso rather to say story) and the ideology in the scripture of laut[the sea] and how the two sets of expressions speak out the restlessness of the noted poet Chairil Anwar. The research findings have shown that the news and the sea have been used by the frustrated author to speak out his regret, awareness, and hatred due to his broken-hearted soul upon his ex-lover in the past. The findings also show that the sea signifies the author’s small self to face and live in this abundant life (the sea). His hatred towards his ex-lover has remained sad memories and bad realities which the author bears in his time while he is writing the poem.

Witold Niemiec, Tomasz Trzepieciński

The cultivation of herbs in Poland is one of the newest sectors of plant production despite the centuries-old tradition of using herbs across the world. Contemporary herbal processing in Poland is primarily oriented to the production of herbal medicines, as in many other European countries. The cultivation, harvesting and processing of herbs in small and medium-sized farms require machinery and devices adjusted to the scale of production. The processing of herbal plants involves drying, which is one of the most important stages of herb preservation and the most energy-consuming process occurring in agricultural production. A comprehensive review is presented covering the various methods used in agriculture to preserve herbal plants and the classification of solar-energy and hot-air drying systems. In addition the paper presents examples of the development of solutions using low-temperature herb dryers appropriate to small and medium-sized farms.

Anna Werner-Juszczuk

The work determines the influence of the presence of thermal bridges within the pipes of underfloor heating on its performance: thermal efficiency, surface temperature and heat losses. Three types of building partitions with thermal bridges are considered: the external wall, the external wall with the insulated and uninsulated balcony slab. The analysis was made for variable heat resistance of thermal insulation and floor finishing layer, variable pipe spacing, temperature of the heating medium and outside air. The calculation was carried out with the use of computer software using boundary element method (BEM). It was found that considering three types of thermal bridges in the floor heating model does not significantly affect the thermal efficiency of the floor heating and its average surface temperature. The effect of considering the thermal bridges on the amount of heat losses to the room below was observed.

Jacek Marcinkiewicz, Tomasz Poskrobko

The article attempts to assess the impact of the factor related to the knowledge of the real estate market on the declared preferences in the CVM. A set of factors widely described in the literature, potentially affecting the outcomes of the frame experiment (such as gender, education, social status) has been enriched with the factor related to market knowledge. The research was conducted on a group of 1,200 people by the CATI method in 2015. Due to the level of knowledge of the market, respondents were divided into four groups. Measures determining the degree of dependence of features (market knowledge and WTP declarations) were used: independence tests, medium difference tests (ANOVA). It was found that knowledge of the market determines the willingness to pay (WTP). Knowledge of the market is an important factor affecting the discrepancies between the respondents' declarations to  pay for the good valued. Therefore, meteorological indications for conducting CVM studies should be enriched by considering this circumstance.

Franciszek Mróz

The study presents pilgrimage sites located in environmentally valuable areas – the areas subject to two forms of nature protection in Poland, i.e. national parks and natural landscape parks. The purpose of the paper is to present, in quantitative terms, shrines in the protected areas of Poland and to analyse the scale and forms of tourism relating to these sites. The subject of the research includes only shrines of the Roman Catholic Church. A descriptive-analytic method, a dynamic-comparative method, as well as statistical methods were used to present the study results. Over 70 of more than 830 shrines that operate in Poland nowadays are located in areas of nature protected by legislation. At present, in the area of nine Polish national parks, there are twelve shrines and pilgrimage sites that are frequently visited by pilgrims and tourists traveling for religious or religious and cognitive reasons. Nowadays, in the area of Polish natural landscape parks (with buffer zones), there are more than 60 shrines.

Daniel Hershenzon, Ricardo García Fé

El rescate de los cautivos se ha convertido recientemente en un tema floreciente entre los estudiosos del período moderno temprano. La mayoría de los estudios se centran en el rescate de cristianos del Magreb. La suposición es que, dado que Argel, Túnez y Marruecos no desarrollaron instituciones de rescate similares a las Órdenes de Redención francesa e ibérica (los trinitarios y los mercedarios), los norteafricanos tomados cautivos y esclavizados en tierras cristianas no tenían esperanzas de regresar a casa. En contraste, este artículo sostiene que en el siglo XVII, Maghribis empleó varios procedimientos de rescate para liberar a sus seres queridos y devolverlos a casa. Además, el examen de estos procedimientos arroja nueva luz sobre el rescate tanto de musulmanes como de cristianos. Por un lado, esposas y madres argelinas y marroquíes negociaron con mujeres cristianas el intercambio de sus propios hijos y maridos. Por el otro, los gobernantes magrebíes —sultanes marroquíes y bajás argelinos— negociaron con sus homólogos cristianos el intercambio de un gran número de cautivos. Este artículo se centra en cómo la gente sencilla, musulmanes y cristianos, hombres pero más a menudo mujeres, buscaron intercambiar a sus amados cautivos al otro lado del mar. Para visibilizar estos trámites de rescate, el artículo toma como punto de partida el momento del intercambio de cautivos o las negociaciones que condujeron a ese momento más que la confesión religiosa de los cautivos. Cuando se examina desde esta perspectiva, queda claro que Maghribis hizo grandes esfuerzos para liberar a sus amados y que el cautiverio y rescate de marroquíes, argelinos y tunecinos y el de cristianos de Iberia, Francia e Italia estaban enredados.

Janina Borysiak, Andrzej Mizgajski

STRESZCZENIE: Zidentyfikowano 64 kulturowe świadczenia ekosystemowe dla miejskich ogrodów działkowych, na podstawie własnych studiów terenowych i literatury przedmiotu. Wpasowano je w ramy klasyfikacji CICES v.4.3. Reprezentują najniższy poziom tej klasyfikacji – typ klasy. Należą do jednej sekcji (kulturowych), dwóch działów, trzech grup i ośmiu klas. Wszystkie zestawiono w tabeli i przedyskutowano w świetle najnowszych publikacji naukowych.