Hasil untuk "Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc."

Mihir R. Athavale, Stephen A. Church, Wei Wen Wong et al.

Achieving device-to-device reproducibility is a critical bottleneck for scalable photonic integrated circuits, as subtle variations in bottom-up epitaxial growth and fabrication severely limit yield. We present a machine learning workflow for III-V multi-quantum well microring lasers that first optimizes growth and geometry parameters via multi-objective Bayesian optimization, then leverages variational autoencoders (VAEs) to attribute residual device-to-device variability to its underlying sources. By explicitly targeting threshold variance alongside absolute performance, we demonstrate 100% lasing yield across all designs. The optimized multi-quantum well microring laser fields achieved a median lasing threshold of $16~μ\mathrm{J}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\,\mathrm{pulse}^{-1}$, a $73\%$ reduction in threshold variance relative to the previously reported best values, and a median emission wavelength of $1333~\mathrm{nm}$, in the telecommunications O-band. Furthermore, to diagnose residual performance dispersion under nominally identical conditions, VAEs were used to isolate the key components of device morphology that impact performance. This analysis successfully decoupled geometric from material disorder, quantitatively linking previously unmeasured morphological variations to population-level threshold fluctuations. This data-driven workflow bridges the gap between fundamental epitaxy and reliable manufacturing, establishing a generalizable blueprint for designing and yield-optimizing complex, non-linear optoelectronic devices.

Carlos Martínez Carrasco

Este estudio pretender determinar las fuentes de las que se sirvió el patriarca Nicéforo de Constantinopla para la redacción de una de sus obras más conocidas. Partimos de un error en la identificación de Prisco, al que llama Crispo, que en la tradición historiográfica bizantina en griego solo se da en este texto y en aquellos otros que se basan en él. Lo que se propone es una comparación con fuentes anteriores, pertenecientes a otras tradiciones, con el objeto de determinar su origen. En un segundo aspecto, se tratará de establecer en qué grado lo continuadores de Nicéforo añadieron nuevos elementos con el objetivo de mostrar una hipotética cadena de transmisión documental que nos permita atisbar los mecanismos de (re)construcción del pasado y de intercambio de información.

Francisco Bolaños, Angelo Salatino, Francesco Osborne et al.

Previous work has demonstrated that AI methods for analysing scientific literature benefit significantly from annotating sentences in papers according to their rhetorical roles, such as research gaps, results, limitations, extensions of existing methodologies, and others. Such representations also have the potential to support the development of a new generation of systems capable of producing high-quality literature reviews. However, achieving this goal requires the definition of a relevant annotation schema and effective strategies for large-scale annotation of the literature. This paper addresses these challenges in two ways: 1) it introduces a novel, unambiguous annotation schema that is explicitly designed for reliable automatic processing, and 2) it presents a comprehensive evaluation of a wide range of large language models (LLMs) on the task of classifying rhetorical roles according to this schema. To this end, we also present Sci-Sentence, a novel multidisciplinary benchmark comprising 700 sentences manually annotated by domain experts and 2,240 sentences automatically labelled using LLMs. We evaluate 37 LLMs on this benchmark, spanning diverse model families and sizes, using both zero-shot learning and fine-tuning approaches. The experiments reveal that modern LLMs achieve strong results on this task when fine-tuned on high-quality data, surpassing 96% F1, with both large proprietary models such as GPT-4o and lightweight open-source alternatives performing well. Moreover, augmenting the training set with semi-synthetic LLM-generated examples further boosts performance, enabling small encoders to achieve robust results and substantially improving several open decoder models.

Leon Nieścior

Być może w 383 roku Grzegorz z Nyssy napisał mowę na Dzień Świateł, który przypadał 6 stycznia i zastępował wcześniej obchodzoną Epifanię. Wprowadzenie w Kapadocji święta Bożego Narodzenia 25 grudnia skłaniało biskupa do związania styczniowego święta z tematyką chrzcielną. W środkowej części mowy Grzegorz sukcesywnie przytacza i interpretuje dziesięć różnych wydarzeń ze Starego Testamentu, które obrazują tajemnicę chrztu. Zestawienie i interpretacja tych świadectw w kluczu typologii chrzcielnej skłania autora artykułu do przyjrzenia się źródłom inspiracji dla Grzegorzowej egzegezy i skali jej oddziaływania.

Tom Banks, Willy Fischler

Evidence has accumulated that there are supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the centers of most galaxies, and that these were formed in the very early universe by some as yet unknown process. In particular, there is evidence [15] that at least some galaxies formed as early as $10^8$ to $10^9$ years after the Big Bang host SMBHs. We suggest that the holographic model of inflation, whose dark matter candidates are primordial black holes carrying a discrete gauge charge, which originated as a small subset of the inflationary horizon volumes in the very early universe, can provide the seeds for this early structure formation. Aspects of the model pointed out long ago suggested an early era of structure formation, with structures dominated by dark matter. The additional assumption that the dark matter consists of discretely charged black holes implies black hole dominance of early structures, which seems to be implied by JWST data.

Robin Mroß, Aron Schnakenbeck, Marcus Völker et al.

IEC 60848 GRAFCET is a standardized, graphical specification language for control functions. Because of the semiformal nature of IEC 60848, the details of specifications created with GRAFCET can be interpreted in different ways, possibly leading to faulty implementations. These ambiguities have been partially addressed in existing literature, but solved in different manners. Based on a literature review, this work aims at providing an overview of existing interpretations and, based on that, proposes a comprehensive interpretation algorithm for IEC 60848, which takes all relevant ambiguities from the literature review into account.

Sergio Moreschini, Elham Younesian, David Hästbacka et al.

Edge-to-cloud computing is an emerging paradigm for distributing computational tasks between edge devices and cloud resources. Different approaches for orchestration, offloading, and many more purposes have been introduced in research. However, it is still not clear what has been implemented in the industry. This work aims to merge this gap by mapping the existing knowledge on edge-to-cloud tools by providing an overview of the current state of research in this area and identifying research gaps and challenges. For this purpose, we conducted a Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) by analyzing 40 tools from 1073 primary studies (220 PS from the white literature and 853 PS from the gray literature). We categorized the tools based on their characteristics and targeted environments. Overall, this systematic mapping study provides a comprehensive overview of edge-to-cloud tools and highlights several opportunities for researchers and practitioners for future research in this area.

Wojciech Kusa, Petr Knoth, Allan Hanbury

Keeping up with research and finding related work is still a time-consuming task for academics. Researchers sift through thousands of studies to identify a few relevant ones. Automation techniques can help by increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of this task. To this end, we developed CRUISE-Screening, a web-based application for conducting living literature reviews - a type of literature review that is continuously updated to reflect the latest research in a particular field. CRUISE-Screening is connected to several search engines via an API, which allows for updating the search results periodically. Moreover, it can facilitate the process of screening for relevant publications by using text classification and question answering models. CRUISE-Screening can be used both by researchers conducting literature reviews and by those working on automating the citation screening process to validate their algorithms. The application is open-source: https://github.com/ProjectDoSSIER/cruise-screening, and a demo is available under this URL: https://citation-screening.ec.tuwien.ac.at. We discuss the limitations of our tool in Appendix A.

Marc Kamionkowski, Adam G. Riess

Over the past decade, the disparity between the value of the cosmic expansion rate directly determined from measurements of distance and redshift or instead from the standard $Λ$CDM cosmological model calibrated by measurements from the early Universe, has grown to a level of significance requiring a solution. Proposed systematic errors are not supported by the breadth of available data (and "unknown errors" untestable by lack of definition). Simple theoretical explanations for this "Hubble tension" that are consistent with the majority of the data have been surprisingly hard to come by, but in recent years, attention has focused increasingly on models that alter the early or pre-recombination physics of $Λ$CDM as the most feasible. Here, we describe the nature of this tension, emphasizing recent developments on the observational side. We then explain why early-Universe solutions are currently favored and the constraints that any such model must satisfy. We discuss one workable example, early dark energy, and describe how it can be tested with future measurements. Given an assortment of more extended recent reviews on specific aspects of the problem, the discussion is intended to be fairly general and understandable to a broad audience.

A. Avasthi, T. Bezerra, A. Borkum et al.

We find that it is possible to increase sensitivity to low energy physics in a third or fourth DUNE-like module with careful controls over radiopurity and some modifications to a detector similar to the DUNE Far Detector design. In particular, sensitivity to supernova and solar neutrinos can be enhanced with improved MeV-scale reach. A neutrinoless double beta decay search with $^{136}$Xe loading appears feasible. Furthermore, sensitivity to Weakly-Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) Dark Matter (DM) becomes competitive with the planned world program in such a detector, offering a unique seasonal variation detection that is characteristic for the nature of WIMPs.

Juan Antonio Jiménez Sánchez

En este trabajo, estudiamos la legislación de Constancio II en relación con los cultos tradicionales. En un principio, esta no fue muy diferente de la promulgada por su padre Constantino I y su hermano Constante, caracterizándose por ser ambigua y no muy radical; su intención era probablemente eliminar tan solo los sacrificios realizados para conocer el futuro (como los nocturnos), un tipo de sacrificios vetados también por emperadores anteriores. No obstante, más tarde (en el 356), Constancio II endureció su política y probablemente prohibió por vez primera los cultos tradicionales por completo, aunque esta interdicción seguramente duró poco tiempo, tal vez un año, cuando este soberano decidió derogarla tras su visita a Roma en el 357.

Xiang Liu

The observational evidence points to the origin of our Universe from a big-bang explosion, the normal matter we observed can be well explained by the particles created in the strong and weak interacting phases of the early universe. The dark energy and dark matter, which occupy major contents of the universe, may be created from earlier times than that of quarks. We propose that the dark energy is an integration of the gravitational waves (GWs) in early universe, and the dark matter is composed of x particles which are created earlier and have much heavier mass than quarks in early universe. The x particles may be bosons with no or little interaction with normal matter except gravity, and they can be free particles or Bose-Einstein Condensed (BEC) matter as the dominant matter in the galaxy clusters and galactic halos. This paper notes as a framework of ideas need to be investigated further.

M. E. Shultz, G. A. Wade, Th. Rivinius et al.

Atmospheric parameters determined via spectral modelling are unavailable for many of the known magnetic early B-type stars. We utilized high-resolution spectra together with NLTE models to measure effective temperatures $T_{\rm eff}$ and surface gravities $\log{g}$ of stars for which these measurements are not yet available. We find good agreement between our $T_{\rm eff}$ measurements and previous results obtained both photometrically and spectroscopically. For $\log{g}$, our results are compatible with previous spectroscopic measurements; however, surface gravities of stars previously determined photometrically have been substantially revised. We furthermore find that $\log{g}$ measurements obtained with HARPSpol are typically about 0.1 dex lower than those from comparable instruments. Luminosities were determined using Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes. We find Gaia parallaxes to be unreliable for bright stars ($V<6$ mag) and for binaries; in these cases we reverted to Hipparcos parallaxes. In general we find luminosities systematically lower than those previously reported. Comparison of $\log{g}$ and $\log{L}$ to available rotational and magnetic measurements shows no correlation between either parameter with magnetic data, but a clear slow-down in rotation with both decreasing $\log{g}$ and increasing $\log{L}$, a result compatible with the expectation that magnetic braking should lead to rapid magnetic spindown that accelerates with increasing mass-loss.

Józef Grzywaczewski

nie dotyczy

Anna Kotłowska, Łukasz Różycki

Powyższy artykuł poświęcony został analizie mów (tzn. wypowiedzi w ora­tio recta) w Historii powszechnej Teofilakta Symokatty, najważniejszym dziele historiografii bizantyńskiej pierwszej połowy VII w. Przeprowadzony przegląd pozwolił na dokonanie konkretnych ustaleń. Mianowicie, Teofilakt w pełni akcep­tuje rolę kompozycyjną mów (zgodnie z tradycją klasyczną) w aspekcie a) mowy jako możliwość wypowiedzi własnej autora, b) mowy jako środek wzmocnienia płaszczyzny aksjologicznej, tzn. to, co mówione posiada wiarygodność wyższą od tego, co przekazane w mowie pośredniej (oratio obliqua itp.). Niemniej, uważna lektura pozwoliła wyodrębnić cechy szczególne stylu Teofilakta. Są nimi: nadmierna afektacja, brak dobrego smaku w doborze egzemplów i, niestety, nadużywanie argumentacji religijnej, zbliżające się do fanatyzmu (chociaż w tym ostatnim wypadku należy przeprowadzić badania, by stwierdzić, czy jest to kwes­tia osobista, czy ‘duch czasów’, tzn. polityka religijna Herakliusza). To, co zasługuje na uznanie, to dbanie o aspekt formalny. Teofilakt bardzo wyraźnie zaznacza te partie tekstu w mowie niezależnej, których nie stworzył, lecz wiernie cytował z dostępnej mu dokumentacji. Używa przy tym ścisłej i jed­noznacznej terminologii filologicznej. Zabieg ten świadczy o rozumieniu, zarów­no przezeń, jak i jego odbiorców, konwencji związanej z komponowaniem mów. Podsumowując, w zakresie przedmiotowym poddanym badaniu, Historia powszechna Teofilakta Symokatty spełnia standardy historiografii późnoantycznej.

Jonas Schöpf, Christian Sternagel

On the one hand, checking specific termination proofs by hand, say using a particular collection of matrix interpretations, can be an arduous and error-prone task. On the other hand, automation of such checks would save time and help to establish correctness of exam solutions, examples in lecture notes etc. To this end, we introduce a template mechanism for the termination tool TTT2 that allows us to restrict parameters of certain termination methods. In the extreme, when all parameters are fixed, such restrictions result in checks for specific proofs.

Amelia Carolina Sparavigna

SN 1572, also known as the Tycho's Nova, was a supernova largely reported and discussed in the literature of the time. Here we talk about this literature. In the latest texts, we find also mentioned the Kepler's Nova, today known as SN 1604, and other newly observed stars. We discuss them too.

Matthew S. Church, Timothy J. H. Hele, Gregory S. Ezra et al.

We extend the Mixed Quantum-Classical Initial Value Representation (MQC-IVR), a semiclassical method for computing real-time correlation functions, to electronically nonadiabatic systems using the Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss (MMST) Hamiltonian to treat electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom (dofs) within a consistent dynamic framework. We introduce an efficient symplectic integration scheme, the MInt algorithm, for numerical time-evolution of the nuclear and electronic phase space variables as well as the Monodromy matrix, under the non-separable MMST Hamiltonian. We then calculate the probability of transmission through a curve-crossing in model two-level systems and show that in the quantum limit MQC-IVR is in good agreement with the exact quantum results, whereas in the classical limit the method yields results in keeping with mean-field approaches like the Linearized Semiclassical IVR. Finally, exploiting the ability of MQC-IVR to quantize different dofs to different extents, we present a detailed study of the extents to which quantizing the nuclear and electronic dofs improves numerical convergence properties without significant loss of accuracy.

Marianna Ciemała

Obedience was one of the fundamental principles of community life in monas­teries in the first centuries. Based on the analysis of the texts of St. Pachomius’ and St. Basil’s legislation, the article addresses the issue of different correlations taking place within the framework of monastic obedience. The texts of the Rule of St. Pachomius as well as of the Asketikon of St. Basil the Great show that in the ceno­bitical life there was a close relationship between obedience to God, to His word, to the rule of life, to superiors, and, to some extent even to all brothers. Sacred Scripture was considered the primary, or even the only, rule of life for the ceno­bites. Both the Pachomius and Basil in their Rules put a strong accent on obedience to God, which, in practice, was realized in keeping His commandments. The main role of superiors was to lead the brothers to the fullness of salvation. They were to do it with care and responsibility. The analysis of the texts on superiors found that they indicated that the superiors had the obligation to be the first in keeping the God’s commandments as well as in obeying the Rule and the precepts of the elders. Obedience to superiors was understood as being the same as obedience to God, but was dependent according to the way the superiors fulfill their dutes of preaching the word of God and living their lives in agreement to their teaching.

Waldemar Turek

Some scholars have recently tried to show that the problems in the Christian community at Corinth were caused in a particular way by women wishing to have a more significant role within the community, and that the primary purpose of Saint Clement’s Letter to the Corinthians was to bring them to order and to show them their proper place in the community’s life and activity. The current study primarily tries to show that Prima Clementis was addressed to the entire Corin­thian community. This is followed by an analysis of the passages in which Saint Clement presents the feminine figures of the Old Testament: Miriam (the sister of Moses and Aaron), Lot’s wife, Rahab, Judith, and Esther, and interprets them in the context of the Christian situation at Corinth. In this way, it is shown that Cle­ment, by using the exempla method, creates the image of a perfect, ordered, and harmonious community in which women are outstanding for their strong faith, love, and hospitality.