Hasil untuk "Chinese language and literature"

Greg Simons, Andrei V. Manoilo, Anna R. Goncharenko

China is the single largest state-based international actor that is a major threat to the continued hegemony of the United States’ unipolar order. As such, a campaign of obstructive foreign policy is being waged against China through the obstructive marketing of China as a sinister threat and unreliable actor against the ‘rules-based order.’ By attempting to undermine China’s soft power potential, it is hoped that China’s global rise can be constrained and contained. Drawing on an integrative type of literature review, this article examines attempts at ‘knowledge production’ through geopolitically subjective interpretations and representations by the U.S. and its allies of the modern type of geopolitically-influenced international conflicts - hybrid warfare. In the English language imagination, hybrid warfare is a politically charged and loaded term that assumes ill intent by the user upon the intended victim. According to the research estimates by foreign experts, the current foreign policy of international activities by China displays a hybrid character. The country is publicly accused of carrying out operations in the economic, cybernetic, geographical, geopolitical, psychological, information and ideological spaces. Currently, the notion of “Chinese hybrid warfare” is starting to become an increasingly popular mass communicated trope. However, the aggravation of Sino-American relations against the backdrop of the South China Sea, the Taiwan issue and the Russian special military operation gives us an opportunity to predict that China will increasingly be projected as an increasingly dangerous source of hybrid threat in the Western-centric discourse to contain its global rise and by default to try to preserve US global hegemony through a negative information campaign.

Xiuzhen Zhao, Xiuzhen Zhao, Linxi Liu et al.

BackgroundElectroacupuncture (EA) has been employed to address the symptoms of constipation in individuals who have experienced a stroke. However, supporting evidence for its efficacy is lacking. This meta-analysis aims to investigate whether EA was effective in treating poststroke constipation.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of eight databases, including four English-language databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) and four Chinese-language databases (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wanfang), for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception through January 31, 2023. To assess treatment effectiveness, we calculated the risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 9 RCTs involving 601 participants were included. No heterogeneity was found across the included RCTs. The results of this meta-analysis indicated significant improvements in the total effective rate (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.27, 1.52), cure rates (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.38, 2.54), constipation scoring system (MD = −2.51, 95% CI −3.05, −1.97), and quality of life (MD = −10.69, 95% CI −14.2, −7.17) in the EA group compared with the control group.ConclusionCurrent evidence indicates that EA may be recommended for patients experiencing poststroke constipation. The lack of thorough investigations has undermined the quality of the major findings.

L. Lamport

Zhiqiang Wang

The article describes a psycholinguistic experiment that examined the associative image of the Moon in the Chinese language consciousness. The objective of the study was to determine the associative content of the image, as well as the national and cultural grounds behind the internalization of its meanings.  The free associative experiment was conducted in November 2022 and involved 550 students from 325 universities in China. The associative field was described using the semantic gestalt method developed by Yu. N. Karaulov. The data obtained were statistically processed using the SPSS 26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2016 software. These three methods combined provided a full description of the content and structure of the associative gestalt. The experiment confirmed the hypothesis that the Moon occupies a central position among the traditional symbols of art and literature. In the linguistic consciousness of Chinese youth, the type of association tends to be paradigmatic: they associated the image of the Moon with family and homeland. It also appeared to evoke a stable negative emotional evaluation. The association mechanisms were caused by both traditions and actual emotional states.

Yanqing Zhang, Haozheng Zhang, Wei Wu et al.

Introduction: Luscan-Lumish syndrome (LLS) is currently recognized as a rarely-observed condition featured with overgrowth, macrocephaly, obesity, type I Chiari malformation, and linguistic retardation. So far, there have been only a few LLS cases registered worldwide, but with none of them reported from China. To acquire a deeper understanding on the clinical and genetic features of this disease, a Chinese boy with LLS caused by a heterozygous variant in SETD2 gene was investigated in the present study.Methods: The patient was clinically examined and the medical history of his family was collected. Genetic testing was performed to determine the genetic etiology.Results: The proband was a boy aged 5-year-7-month-old, who was referred to our hospital due to “being a slow learner in kindergarten”. The child had a history of delayed motor and language development in comparison to his peers. After admission, physical examination revealed tall stature and macrocephaly as the major manifestation, in addition to a relatively lower rating in intelligence assessment as well as abnormal MRI images showing a slightly shorter corpus callosum accompanied by a mildly thinner corpus callosum body. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a heterozygous c.2514_2516delTAG (p.Ser838del) variant in SETD2 gene, which was subsequently identified as a novel de novo variant. According to the standardized genetic variant classification published by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant, with a pathogenicity analysis result indicating PS2 + PM2_Supporting + PM4, was determined to be likely pathogenic. Through literature review, the clinical phenotypes of the 15 LLS cases were summarized, including 8 cases of overgrowth (53%), 13 cases of macrocephaly (87%), 11 cases of developmental delay (73%), 8 cases of autism (53%), and 7 cases of special facial features (47%). Besides, abnormal craniocerebral MRI findings were noticed in 7 cases. Despite that the mutation sites of the 15 patients varied from case to case, they showed a uniformly distributed pattern throughout the whole SETD2 gene, including 5 missense mutations, 5 frameshift mutations and 5 non-sense mutations.Conclusion: LLS, not having been recognized till recent years, is identified as an autosomal dominant syndrome triggered by SETD2 gene mutation. As the first report of LLS in China, the case in our study was proved to be associated with a unique type of SETD2 gene mutation that has never been reported previously, which is believed to enrich the mutation spectrum of SETD2 gene and also, deepening the clinicians’ understanding on the disease.

Hengzhi Hu, Kehan Du

Embedded in interactive and participatory Web 2.0 applications, the complex experiences of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in the digital age have triggered considerable interest in mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). Abundant research notwithstanding, much remains to be explored in MALL, leaving unknown the multifaceted effects of specific technological applications on various aspects of learning. Placed in China’s higher education context, the present mixed-methods study characterised by an exploratory sequential design intends to fill this gap by focusing on TikTok use in EFL learning. The initial qualitative study indicated EFL learners’ contrasting perceptions of TikTok use in formal learning, centring on its possible effects on global language proficiency, speaking proficiency and affective learning typified by motivation for general language learning, motivation to speak English volitionally and willingness to communicate. Further quantitative research demonstrated that MALL, wherein TikTok was used to supplement classroom-based teaching, did not exert the profound effects on language learning as suggested by the qualitative participants and in previous literature and that learners were less motivated for English learning and communication, though their extrinsic motivation in speaking English increased. Despite the contradiction between these findings with previous ones, this preliminary study is assumed to be significant as it necessitates a critical attitude towards MALL in general and TikTok-assisted EFL learning in particular, encouraging researchers to re-examine these issues in different socio-educational contexts and urging educators to ponder whether it is sensible to implement MALL with the assistance of digital applications, and if so, how to make it as efficacious as anticipated.

Jiang Zhan, Lin Jiang

In the second of Li Li’s books on language teacher cognition, she attempts to combine sociocultural theory (SCT), discursive psychology, and applied conversation analysis (CA) in order ‘to understand how knowing, understanding, conceptualising, doing, learning and being are displayed through interactive work that teachers do in a situated micro-context’ (p. vii). The tie that binds these three theories together, she claims, is that learning is social, that thinking and language work together, and ‘cognition is developed in and through social interaction’ (p. 3). Building off a construct developed in her earlier book, cognition-in-interaction (Li, 2017), Li characterizes teacher cognition as fluid, emergent, and socially and contextually situated. The ultimate goal of this book is to scrutinize, at the micro-level, teacher cognition; ‘what teachers think, believe, and do in their professional practice’ as well as ‘how they construct assumptions, conceptions, and ideologies in contexts and in social interaction’ (p. 8). Before Li offers excerpts from her massive database of over 80 hours of Chinese EFL pre/in-service teachers’ instructional and interview data, she provides brief historical literature reviews on language teacher cognition,

Yiqun Sun

With the advent of the information age, people can establish good communication through Internet technology. Mechanical translation has become a key means to solve people's communication problems. However, there are still obstacles to communication between different languages. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses existing neural network technology to the English-Chinese bidirectional machine translation model in the field of marine science and technology. Based on deep learning technology, we collect Chinese and English abstracts and partial full texts of Chinese and English papers with marine science and technology as the key words and build a professional corpus in English and Chinese about marine science and technology. In the Chinese-English bidirectional translation model, the local weight sharing is introduced into the Chinese encoder and the English encoder, and the output of the Chinese encoder sublayer and the English encoder sublayer is fused as the output of the respective encoders, and the performance of the translation model is evaluated using the BLEU parameters. Through the training of the translation model, compared with the transformer model, the BLEU value of the model with local weight sharing and encoder sublayer fusion output is improved by 1.6 and 3.8 in the Chinese-English and English-Chinese translation directions, respectively. The PPL values in the Chinese-English and English-Chinese translation directions decreased by 18.72% and 14.62%, respectively. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the language translation model. Experiments show that the research on machine language adaptive technology based on deep learning can more smoothly realize the two-way translation of literature in the field of marine science and technology. Compared with traditional mechanical translation, this paper proposes a translation model based on the deep neural algorithm, which improves the effect of model training by constructing a Chinese-English corpus with the theme of marine science and technology.

Yongyan Li, Xiaohao Ma, Jingkun Zhao et al.

Abstract Genre-oriented graduate-level research writing instruction is increasingly being implemented in universities around the world, to cater for the widely-felt demand to provide graduate writing support to student populations of immensely diverse compositions. In China, where research writing instruction for graduate students across disciplines is urgently needed, emerging EAP teachers are learning the ropes of genre-based pedagogies through practice. This paper reports a case study of how two novice EAP teachers, who had attended a professional development program, went about conducting research writing instruction to doctoral students at their own universities in China. Our dataset consisted of audio-recordings of the focal teachers’ classroom instruction, various types of documentary data, and interview data. We present the findings with a comparison between the two cases of pedagogical practices, by highlighting the distinguishing features of the focal teachers’ classroom instruction, and illuminating their instruction on language. Our study contributes to the limited literature on EAP research writing instruction and will inform EAP teachers’ training and professional development.

Abdalsamad Keramatfar, Hossein Amirkhani

Mohamed AlShuweihi, S. Salloum, Khaled Shaalan

Petra Doma

In the beginning of the 20th century, two celebrated Japanese actresses, Kawakami Sadayakko (1871–1946) and Hanako (1868–1945), visited Budapest. Sadayakko, accompanied by the Kawakami troupe, arrived in February 1902 and performed at the Uránia Theatre. Hanako visited the Hungarian capital twice: in 1908 and 1913. Both of them played in ‘Japanese-style’ performances, which at first seemed traditional and authentic to the Hungarian audience. The most important and spectacular element of these plays was the death scene and the supernatural way the actresses performed this on stage. In the present paper I analyse various kinds of contemporary articles and examine how the two actresses appeared in and influenced Hungarian theatre history. Additionally, through the analysis of the press of the times, I will argue that Hanako’s second visit was less successful than her first or than Sadayakko’s, and show that the audience’s opinion about the authenticity of the performance changed completely.

Jing Zhang, M. Pérez-Milans

Ronaldo O. Messina, J. Louradour

Melinda Papp, Judit Éva Zentai

The present paper is a brief overview of the historical origins of healing in Japan. In the past, the outbreak of a disease was usually attributed to the influence of higher spiritual forces. Views on disease and healing were traditionally influenced by a variety of factors. On one hand, views on life and afterlife reflected in popular beliefs defined the way disease was approached. On the other hand, Chinese knowledge of the human body and its ailments penetrated Japan as early as the Heian period. During the Tokugawa period spiritual approaches to healing were increasingly combined with more modern views of the body and official healers and practitioners started to exercise a growing influence on the attitudes of people towards healing and illness. The present paper introduces some of the most significant milestones in the development of these attitudes through an overview of popular spiritual figures and deities of healing, and of historical sources documenting the evolution of official medicine.

H. Lim

ABSTRACT Child multilingual phonological errors are under-explored. Cross-linguistic studies suggest monolingual children make phonological errors that are subject to effects of language universality and ambient language characteristics. Bilingual Chinese children were observed to use not only typical, but also atypical phonological errors compared to monolingual peers acquiring similar languages. Atypical errors are a result of specific bilingual pair effects. Close-language-relatedness (Cantonese-Mandarin) is claimed to be responsible for the nonexistence of atypical errors in both languages, whilst distant-language-relatedness (Cantonese-English) is observed to cause atypical errors in both languages. The present novel cross-sectional study investigated phonological acquisition in three typologically distant languages: English-Mandarin-Malay by 64 multilingual Chinese children aged 2½-4½. The present research aimed to explore if multilingual Chinese children exhibit phonological errors which commensurate to that of monolingual and bilingual Chinese children acquiring similar languages as described in the literature. The single-word phonological test results revealed that the multilinguals exhibited typical and atypical phonological patterns which largely commensurate with the monolinguals and bilinguals. Similar to bilingual children, the multilingual children showed more atypical errors in English than in Mandarin, demonstrating effects of individual language irrespective of potential interaction with additional languages. The present result did not fully support the link between closeness in typology of languages and the absence of atypical errors. Rare atypical errors were found in Mandarin and Malay, two typologically different languages, and both were also interacting with English, another typologically different language. The present findings provided useful preliminary multilingual speech norms for the use of speech therapists.

Zsolt Szilágyi

Due to the rapid transformation of Mongolian social and economic system in the last two and a half decades, the mentality and way of life of Mongolian people have also changed to a great degree, and a special national or nomadic ideology has appeared and gradually strengthened. It has become one of the pillars of national identity. This ideology is shared in many respects by Mongolians. In the present economic environment Mongolian society is changing at an accelerated speed. The urban population is getting far from the nomadic way of life and has started to follow behavioural models that are very different from the traditional patterns. With the regression of nomadism, one of the fundamental constituents of Mongolian culture seems to disappear. Although in the last 25 years Mongolians have increasingly adapted to the globalized culture, the need for independent cultural identity is getting stronger. This identity plays an important role in elaborating economic strategies that are adaptable to the changed environment. It can be observed, for example, in turnout of shamans in the towns, in the changes of the Buddhist Church’s social functions or in the “pretended” nomadic lifestyle around the main destinations of tourism.

S. Ting, Heidi Foo, P. S. Chia et al.

Zhen Fang, Xinyi Zhao, Q. Wei et al.

Hsiang-Yu Chen, E. Chang, Sinead H. Y. Chen et al.