Hasil untuk "Cattle"

J. Bittle, R. Houghten, H. Alexander et al.

W. Campbell, M. Fisher, E. Stapley et al.

J. Wilesmith, G. Wells, MP Cranwell et al.

Babar Ali, Muhammad Naeem, Shakir Ullah et al.

Abstract Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by various Brucella species, affecting both animals and humans. The incidence is particularly high in tropical and subtropical regions that are known for higher tick density. Present study was designed to improve our knowledge regarding Brucella melitensis infection in Pakistani cattle. A total of 903 blood samples were collected. Three cattle breeds, Holstein Friesian (N = 298), Sahiwal (N = 299), and crossbred (N = 306), were enrolled along with epidemiological data during March 2022 till April 2023 from district Multan in Punjab province. A PCR-based approach targeting IS711 estimated an overall prevalence of 4% (39/903). Representative partial IS711 sequences of three Pakistani isolates revealed a single genotype that was similar to Brucella melitensis sequences reported from aborted fetus in China. All cattle breeds were equally susceptible to this infection. For Sahiwal breed, bacterial infection varied between sampling seasons. Epidemiological factor analysis revealed that farms where only cattle were reared and dogs at farm having tick load had higher Brucella melitensis infection rates. Red blood cells, lymphocyte (%), monocyte (%), mean cell volume, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet count were significantly disturbed in Brucella melitensis positive cattle of all three breeds. A longitudinal survey and phylogenetic positioning of Brucella melitensis is recommended for epidemiological correlation, diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis in Pakistan.

J. Clutton-Brock

P. Aubry, D. Geale

Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. It is spread through tick bites or by the mechanical transfer of fresh blood from infected to susceptible cattle from biting flies or by blood-contaminated fomites including needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment. Transplacental transmission of A. marginale may contribute to the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in some regions. Bovine anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Cattle of all ages are susceptible to infection with A. marginale, but the severity of disease increases with age. Once cattle of any age become infected with A. marginale, they remain persistently infected carriers for life. Diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis can be made by demonstration of A. marginale on stained blood smears from clinically infected animals during the acute phase of the disease, but it is not reliable for detecting infection in pre-symptomatic or carrier animals. In these instances, the infection is generally diagnosed by serologic demonstration of antibodies with confirmation by molecular detection methods. The susceptibility of wild ruminants to infection by A. marginale and the role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis are incompletely known owing to lack of published research, lack of validation of diagnostic tests for these species and cross-reaction of Anaplasma spp. antibodies in serologic tests. Control measures for bovine anaplasmosis vary with geographical location and include maintenance of Anaplasma-free herds, vector control, administration of antibiotics and vaccination.

Kadir L.P., Pateda S.Y., Sahara L.O.

This research aims to analyze alternative strategic priorities in the beef cattle assistance program that can be implemented in Gorontalo Regency. The research was carried out in Gorontalo Regency. The primary and secondary data collected were analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and descriptive statistics. The research results show that priority alternative strategies in the beef cattle assistance program that can be implemented are: 1) revitalizing the role of extension workers and partner institutions (0.228), 2) increasing business capital and production facilities (0.207), 3) increasing the knowledge and skills capacity of farmers (0.200), 4) strengthening of breeder institutions (0.144), 5) coordination of policymakers (0.131), and 6) distribution of livestock aid on target (0.090). Implementation of the beef cattle assistance program requires 63.7% policy support from the regional government through the Gorontalo Regency Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service in the form of regulatory support, budget allocation, and intensive and sustainable assistance.

Melissa Ward Jones, Joachim Otto Habeck, Mathias Ulrich et al.

Permafrost-agroecosystems include all cultivation and pastoral activities in areas underlain by permafrost. These systems support local livelihoods and food production and are rarely considered in global agricultural studies but may become more relevant as climate change is increasing opportunities for food production in high latitude and mountainous areas. The exact locations and amount of agricultural production in areas containing permafrost are currently unknown, therefore we provide an overview of countries where both permafrost and agricultural activities are present. We highlight the socioecological diversity and complexities of permafrost-agroecosystems through seven case studies: (1) crop cultivation in Alaska, USA; (2) Indigenous food systems and crop cultivation in the Northwest Territories, Canada; (3) horse and cattle husbandry and Indigenous hay production in the Sakha Republic, Russia; (4) mobile pastoralism and husbandry in Mongolia; (5) yak pastoralism in the Central Himalaya, Nepal; (6) berry picking and reindeer herding in northern Fennoscandia; and (7) reindeer herding in northwest Russia. We discuss regional knowledge gaps associated with permafrost and make recommendations to policy makers and land users for adapting to changing permafrost environments. A better understanding of permafrost-agroecosystems is needed to help sustainably manage and develop these systems considering rapidly changing climate, environments, economies, and industries.

Zhaoyu Jia, Yuan Wei, Ye Zhang et al.

Abstract The human endometrial decidualization is a transformative event in the pregnant uterus that involves the differentiation of stromal cells into decidual cells. While crucial to the establishment of a successful pregnancy, the metabolic characteristics of decidual cells in vivo remain largely unexplored. Here, we integrated the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets on the endometrium of the menstrual cycle and the maternal-fetal interface in the first trimester to comprehensively decrypt the metabolic characteristics of stromal fibroblast cells. Our results revealed that the differentiation of stromal cells into decidual cells is accompanied by increased amino acid and sphingolipid metabolism. Furthermore, metabolic heterogeneity exists in decidual cells with differentiation maturity disparities. Decidual cells with high metabolism exhibit higher cellular activity and show a strong propensity for signaling. In addition, significant metabolic reprogramming in amino acids and lipids also occurs during the transition from non-pregnancy to pregnancy in the uteri of pigs, cattle, and mice. Our analysis provides comprehensive insights into the dynamic landscape of stromal fibroblast cell metabolism, contributing to our understanding of the metabolism at the molecular dynamics underlying the decidualization process in the human endometrium.

V. V. Gordeev, T. I. Gordeeva, T. Y. Mironova et al.

Water is used in the whole cycle of milk production, from watering and fodder preparation to washing of milking equipment and milk cooling tanks. At the same time, farms do not control and record the amount of water consumed, which can result in a significant excess of actual water consumption over the normative data. One of the ways to solve this problem can be the introduction of a water consumption monitoring system, which will track the actual water consumption on the farm and compare it with the calculated volume obtained on the basis of normative data, technical characteristics of equipment and animal husbandry technology adopted in the farm. The purpose of the research is to develop an algorithm for calculating water consumption when performing technological operations on cattle dairy farms. As a result of the research, an algorithm for calculating water consumption for technological operations was developed, taking into account different variants of the technical and technological solutions. On the basis of the algorithm a program was developed, with the help of which the sequence of water consumption calculation was tested. The calculation was carried out for a farm for 800 heads of dairy herd of loose housing with productivity of 28 kg/head and 200 heads of loose housing with productivity of 32 kg/head excluding young stock. Water consumption for such a farm is 113.09 m3 /day, of which 99.92 m3 /day is used for watering, fodder preparation, and is non-returnable, and 13.17 m3 /day is used for technological operations. The further direction of research will be the development of a monitoring system based on the developed program of water consumption calculation. In addition to the monitoring system, the program will be useful in technological design of cattle farms for milk production.

Suleiman Usman

Compost technology is an advanced technology that involves the transformation of organic materials and organic waste/sludge into organic manures/fertilizers. This method was locally applied by many rural farmers in northwestern Nigeria long ago. It has been used by farmers as the best method for soil quality and soil fertility management in dryland and fadama areas of the region. This research paper was built to provide scientific advances in common compost methods in northwestern Nigeria. Approximately twelve (12) different methods were surveyed and explained based on cultural practices and scientific theories. These composting methods include dumping, hole-gathering, burning, container-packed, open-build, farm-tunnel, pond-manure, lake-fill-in, irrigated-bed-in, home-bin, farm-cattle and sheet-composting methods. These sets of methods were provided with specific instructions, fundamentals and theoretical justifications. There have been broad advances in how these methods can be used to generate revenues, create jobs, ensure safe and well-frained environments, improve food security and decrease or to some extent control the spread of malaria and other related human diseases in northwestern Nigeria. This study provides suggestions for better use of organic materials/sludge, development of bioorganic fertilizer industries, and continued revision of sustainable agricultural management with negative chemicals.

Maria Laura Belmonte, Lorena Carreño

El fenómeno El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENOS) es un factor de variabilidad climática que impacta principalmente en las lluvias a escala planetaria, y puede anticiparse con varios meses de antelación. Numerosos estudios han constatado que la fase cálida del fenómeno se correlaciona con anomalías positivas de precipitación en la Región Pampeana Argentina, sin embargo, se requieren estudios más puntuales para analizar la variabilidad espacial de las lluvias durante cada evento ENOS dentro de esta gran región. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la distribución de las precipitaciones durante eventos ENOS fase cálida (EN) ocurridos durante primavera y verano en la región centro oriental de la provincia de La Pampa (LP), donde se desarrollan los principales cultivos de cosecha y forrajeros. Para ello, se analizó información pluviométrica trimestral de 11 localidades en un periodo de 50 años. En el caso del verano, durante eventos EN intensos el rango de anomalías de precipitación positivas osciló entre 20 y 66% y, en todas las localidades la precipitación acumulada superó al promedio histórico. Durante episodios EN leves a moderados, no existieron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) de lluvias respecto a los promedios históricos. En los episodios EN de primavera, no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) de lluvias respecto a los promedios históricos. A partir de la distribución espacial de las anomalías de lluvia pudieron observarse ciertos patrones zonales. Las diferencias positivas durante eventos EN intensos de verano representan en promedio unos 100 mm en el trimestre estival, diferencia adicional que resulta considerable para las actividades agropecuarias en la región de estudio. En el caso de la distribución de las anomalías de lluvia para eventos EN de primavera se observó una distribución espacial de valores positivos de precipitación sectorizados en el SE provincial durante eventos leves a moderados, mientras que durante eventos intensos las zonas sectorizadas con valores positivos se localizaron dispersas en el área de estudio. Esta diferencia de comportamiento de las lluvias durante eventos EN según la estación de ocurrencia, representa un aspecto importante que se debería profundizar en estudios futuros.

M. Scott, R. Will, J. Ironside et al.

Jared D Taylor, R. Fulton, T. Lehenbauer et al.

J. Dunne, R. Evershed, M. Salque et al.

Abdul Manan, Amjad Islam Aqib, Ansa Shahbaz et al.

Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are emerging as major milk-borne pathogens. Additionally, resistance to antibiotics of pathogens is of concern. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and drug resistance of S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae in mastitis milk samples and assessed the antimicrobial potential of sodium alginate (G)-stabilized MgO nanoparticles (M) and antibiotics (tylosin [T] and ampicillin [A]) against both of these pathogens. A total of n = 200 milk samples from cattle were collected using purposive sampling, and standard microbiological approaches were adopted to isolate target bacteria. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the obtained data. Four preparations, GT (gel-stabilized tylosin), GA (gel-stabilized ampicillin), GTM (tylosin and MgO nanoparticles stabilized in gel), and GAM (ampicillin and MgO nanoparticles stabilized in gel), were evaluated against both bacteria through well diffusion and broth microdilution method. The analysis revealed that 45.24% (95/210) of the milk samples were positive for mastitis, of which 11.58% (11/95) were positive for S. agalactiae and 9.47% (9/95) were positive for K. pneumoniae. S. agalactiae had a significantly higher zone of inhibition (ZOI) than K. pneumoniae against penicillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin, whereas the opposite was observed against imipenem and erythromycin. All gel (G)-based preparations showed an increase in the percentage of ZOI compared with antibiotics alone, with GTM presenting the highest of all, i.e., 59.09 and 56.25% ZOI compared with tylosin alone against S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Similarly, in a broth microdilution assay, the lowest MIC was found for K. pneumoniae (9.766 ± 0.0 μg/mL) against GTM, followed by GT, GAM, and GA after incubation for 24 h. A similar response was noted for preparations against S. agalactiae but with a comparatively higher MIC. A significant reduction in MIC with respect to incubation time was found at 8 h and remained until at 20 h against both pathogens. The cytotoxicity of the MgO nanoparticles used in this study was significantly lower than that of the positive control. Overall, this study found that K. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae appeared higher in prevalence and antimicrobial resistance, and sodium alginate-based antibiotics and MgO nanoparticles were effective alternative approaches for tackling antimicrobial resistance.

O. Hanotte, D. Bradley, J. Ochieng et al.

W. Barendse, S. Armitage, L. M. Kossarek et al.

D. Poppi, S. McLennan

J. Dubey, A. Hemphill, R. Calero-Bernal et al.