<p>This editorial article introduces and contextualises the theme issue on socio-environmental emotionalities in the context of ecological crises. It highlights the political and academic relevance of analysing the emotional and affective registers of shifting society–environment relations in the broader context of the uncertainties, conflicts and multiple crises of a climate-changed world. Grounded in a political and spatial conceptualisation of emotions and affects, this introduction understands emotional and affective expressions as always indicative of contentious and shifting relations of power, knowledge, experience and identity. The editorial article draws on an expanding body of research to outline a series of key analytical perspectives on the political and epistemological role of emotions and affects in environmental politics, subjectivations and knowledge production. The article brings these perspectives in dialogue with the individual contributions to the theme issue, whose rich explorations of political feelings in the context of ecological crises are presented in the final section.</p>
Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Geography (General)
Grzegorz Pasternak, Łukasz Wodzyński, Jacek Jóźwiak
et al.
Remediated landfills require long-term monitoring due to ongoing processes such as settlement, water infiltration, leachate migration, and biogas emissions, which may lead to cover degradation and environmental risks. Traditional ground-based inspections are often time-consuming, costly, and limited in terms of spatial coverage. This study presents the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing methods for the structural assessment of a remediated landfill. A multi-sensor approach was employed, combining geometric data (Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and photogrammetry), hydrological modeling (surface water accumulation and runoff), multispectral imaging, and thermal data. The results showed that subsidence-induced depressions modified surface drainage, leading to water accumulation, concentrated runoff, and vegetation stress. Multispectral imaging successfully identified zones of persistent instability, while UAV thermal imaging detected a distinct leachate-related anomaly that was not visible in red–green–blue (RGB) or multispectral data. By integrating geometric, hydrological, spectral, and thermal information, this paper demonstrates practical applications of remote sensing data in detecting cover degradation on remediated landfills. Compared to traditional methods, UAV-based monitoring is a low-cost and repeatable approach that can cover large areas with high spatial and temporal resolution. The proposed approach provides an effective tool for post-closure landfill management and can be applied to other engineered earth structures.
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a voluntary platform designed to provide free and up-to-date geographic data. Since OSM is based on multisource geographic data provided by the public, the quality of the data has become a concern of researchers. In this study, a unified measure for evaluating OSM data quality was constructed, and the entropy weight method (EWM) and Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model were used to evaluate the quality of multiscale OSM data in China from 2014 to 2020. In addition to evaluating the data quality, the use of OSM data quality index factors in economic modeling at different spatial scales in China was explored by using a geographic information system (GIS) analysis method and a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. Four machine learning models, SVM, RF, XGBoost and CatBoost, were used to simulate the grid-scale GDP, and the effectiveness of these simulations was discussed. The results showed that (1) the weights of OSM data quality indicator factors vary across different spatial scales. (2) From 2014 to 2020, the quality of national-scale OSM data first increased, then decreased and then gradually stabilized. In addition, the quality of OSM data at the provincial and municipal scales is significantly different, and the distribution is affected by the population and geographical environment. (3) Over time, the spatial clustering characteristics of OSM data quality at different spatial scales in China has continuously strengthened. In addition, the quality of Chinese OSM data displays obvious local spatial autocorrelation characteristics, which are dominated by H-H clustering and L-L clustering. (4) The GTWR model performs well in predicting and revealing the spatiotemporal correlation characteristics between GDP and OSM data quality indicators at the provincial and municipal scales in China. The correlations increase with decreasing spatial scale (provincial to municipal). Moreover, the GDP modeling ability is better in economically underdeveloped Northwest China and economically developed East China. (5) Four machine learning models coupled with road network length completeness, relative linear density, road name attribute completeness, POI name attribute completeness, road network accuracy, road network update frequency, POI update frequency, topological consistency and directional similarity yielded the best grid-scale GDP simulation values. Notably, the CatBoost model provided the best accuracy, and the results further verified that it is feasible to use the proposed OSM data quality index system to predict the regional economic development level in China.
I. M. M. Robaina, I. M. M. Robaina, P. B. Teixeira
et al.
<p>Focusing on the aftermath of the abduction, rape and killing of an 8-year-old girl in Vitória, the paper argues that the violent event has left various traces that index a necropolitical power formation oriented towards hegemonic political and economic actors. The traces range from physical marks of violence to indications of obfuscation and manifestations of support for the aggressors. Such support was expressed, for example, by the city council's vote to retain a street name that honours the family of one of the alleged perpetrators. To analyse necropolitics through such traces, we draw on Mitchell Dean's discussion of the “signature of power” alongside works on feminicide, counter-forensics and contested toponymy. Thus reading necropolitics through its signature, we argue, sheds light on its specific context of formation and allows for scrutinizing the specific strategies and material elements through which necropolitics unfolds its deadly effects.</p>
Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Geography (General)
Cross-border cooperation has developed fundamentally at the internal borders of the European Union. The border between Spain and Portugal, known as the line (raya in Spanish and raia in Portuguese), is one of them. Numerous cooperation projects have been developed there in recent years, although with a heterogeneous geographical distribution. The border seems to disappear, but far from doing so, it is just transformed, as the study of the dimension of national security shows, which is now largely binational. One of the highest levels of cross-border cooperation that has been achieved is that of integrated local units, called eurocities, with diverse objectives. We address the study of various dimensions of this eurocities with the aim of better understanding where they are created, in what political context and what is their demographic, economic and cultural impact.
Lands on which cultural heritage monuments, their complexes (ensembles), historical and cultural protected territories, protected archaeological territories, open-air museums, memorial museums-manors are located, in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine, belong to lands of historical and cultural purpose. The organization and establishment of the boundaries of the territories of historical and cultural purpose, restrictions on their use and their regime-forming objects is carried out in accordance with the projects and technical documentation of land management. For the territories of the nature reserve fund and other nature conservation purposes, health, recreational, historical and cultural, forestry purposes, water fund lands and water protection zones, the land legislation establishes the same procedure for developing the composition and geodetic and cartographic substantiation of land management projects, as well as for their approval and approval . This provision has existed for a long time, despite the fact that the given list combines six categories of land with different legal regimes.
The boundaries of historical areas and the modes of their use are indicated in the documentation on land management, urban planning and scientific project documentation on the protection of cultural heritage, which determines the need for their mutual consistency. The article examines the legal and organizational provisions of the formation of the historical and cultural potential of the historical areas of cities. In connection with the discrepancies in the legal acts, proposals for the codification of legal norms regarding the composition and distribution of land by category, setting restrictions, regulation of construction, landscape protection zones and archaeological layer are substantiated. The proposed approaches to the definition and calculation of the economic efficiency of historical areas include a variety of methods that allow for the assessment of both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the preservation of cultural heritage.
Surface shortwave radiation (SSR) plays an important role in global energy systems. The new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite Himawari-8, with higher spatiotemporal and spectral resolution, offers a new opportunity to retrieve SSR with higher accuracy. In this study, an improved algorithm was applied to estimate instantaneous, hourly, and daily mean SSR using cloud products from the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the Himawari-8 satellite. The validation against Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) stations showed a root mean square error (RMSE) of 95.8 W m−2 for instantaneous SSR, 82.4 W m−2 for hourly SSR, and 22.8 W m−2 for daily SSR and mean bias error (MBE) of −15.8 W m−2, −14.1 W m−2, and −6.6 W m−2. The validation against China Meteorological Administration (CMA) stations showed a RMSE of 99.5 W m−2 and MBE of −8.2 W m−2 for hourly SSR and RMSE of 27.7 W m−2 and MBE of −3.9 W m−2 for daily SSR, which are generally better than the Himawari-8 SSR product. Overall, the improved algorithm performed well on the new-generation geostationary satellite, with high accuracy and efficiency, and would contribute to surface process research and photovoltaic engineering applications.
Population distribution is the most direct indicator used to describe human activities. Grid-based population distribution maps overcome the drawbacks of statistical data and are thus more suitable for integrated analysis with environmental data. However, current modeling methods seeking to improve accuracy ignore the role of many existing products, resulting in the ineffective use of advantageous information from different gridded population maps. In this study, the multisource map fusion method is developed and combined with population mapping to simply and efficiently achieve improved results accuracy by understanding the uncertainty of different gridded products. Three areas in China with significant environmental differences were used as case studies to validate the results. The case studies use representative Granger-Ramanathan (GR), variance weighted (VW), and random forest (RF) algorithms to implement multisource map fusion for three existing population maps – GPW4, LandScan, and WorldPop. The results of the experiments indicate that fusing multisource population maps can produce a more accurate product than input maps. Compared with the highest accuracy input data, the maximum reduction percentages for the RMSE and MAE of fused maps at the grid scale are 13.66% and 20.39% in the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Region (BTHR); 15.47% and 18.29% in Guangdong Province; and 5.05% and 6.15% in Guizhou Province. This study provides new strategies for producing high-accuracy population distribution maps, and its inexpensive features make it especially suitable for developing countries to produce wide-range gridded population maps that are more accurate than existing products using a few surveys.
The population analysis unit (PAU) is the basic unit employed in studies of urban populations. The commonly used PAUs are mostly administrative divisions, regular geographic grids. However, these units are different from urban forms, and cannot be used to consider the characteristics of population distributions and flow changes. In this study, we proposed a method for constructing a fine population analysis zone (FPAZ) based on the population aggregation pattern and urban form elements. First, considering the spatial structure of a city and the fine-grained demands of population analysis, the basic analysis unit was divided according to the functional heterogeneity of the population activity region at the micro-scale by combining urban form elements. Next, a population aggregation preference model was established by considering the spatial distribution characteristics of the local aggregation of the urban population flow and long-term stability characteristics depending on the dynamic changes in entrances and exits. Finally, we divided the FPAZ combined with the microstructural elements. Experimental results showed that compared with other types of PAUs, the FPAZ was more consistent with the urban morphology and was an appropriate and general spatial unit for expressing the accurate characteristics of population distributions and changes at the micro-scale.
A. Yu. Utevsky, M. Yu. Kolesnykova, D. V. Shmyrov
et al.
Based on underwater observations the establishment of marine protected areas in the Stella Creek and Skua Creek straits were proposed. Selection of areas was carried out in accordance with the protocol NAGISA and acoustic bottom survey of the Argentine Islands water area. Descriptions of the marine protected areas were developed and their categories according to IUCN methodology were defined. Сompliance indices calculated according to the IUCN methodology assign the Stella Creek and the Skua Creek MPAs to the IUCN protected categories Ia and III, respectively. 3D models of the marine protected areas were designed.
Feature matching via local descriptors is one of the most fundamental problems in many computer vision tasks, as well as in the remote sensing image processing community. For example, in terms of remote sensing image registration based on the feature, feature matching is a vital process to determine the quality of transform model. While in the process of feature matching, the quality of feature descriptor determines the matching result directly. At present, the most commonly used descriptor is hand-crafted by the designer’s expertise or intuition. However, it is hard to cover all the different cases, especially for remote sensing images with nonlinear grayscale deformation. Recently, deep learning shows explosive growth and improves the performance of tasks in various fields, especially in the computer vision community. Here, we created remote sensing image training patch samples, named Invar-Dataset in a novel and automatic way, then trained a deep learning convolutional neural network, named DescNet to generate a robust feature descriptor for feature matching. A special experiment was carried out to illustrate that our created training dataset was more helpful to train a network to generate a good feature descriptor. A qualitative experiment was then performed to show that feature descriptor vector learned by the DescNet could be used to register remote sensing images with large gray scale difference successfully. A quantitative experiment was then carried out to illustrate that the feature vector generated by the DescNet could acquire more matched points than those generated by hand-crafted feature Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptor and other networks. On average, the matched points acquired by DescNet was almost twice those acquired by other methods. Finally, we analyzed the advantages of our created training dataset Invar-Dataset and DescNet and gave the possible development of training deep descriptor network.
This study presents a brief review of the canonical historiography of Brazilian naturalism, in which it appears with a consistent aesthetic characterization as « minor », from the moment of its first circulation to the present day. Thus, the article proposes a new cartography of Brazilian naturalism that clarifies the positioning of subgroups formed by dominant and subjugated writers in relation to the aesthetics. In this way, we redefine the map of Brazilian naturalist fiction from a new, plural and multifaceted point of view, expanding its index of works and authors.
We explore the use of semantic segmentation in Digital Terrain Models (DTMS) for detecting manmade landscape structures in archaeological sites. DTM data are stored and processed as large matrices of depth 1 as opposed to depth 3 in RGB images. The matrices usually contain continuous real-valued information upper bound of which is not fixed, such as distance or height from a reference surface. This is different from RGB images that contain integer values in a fixed range of 0 to 255. Additionally, RGB images are usually stored in smaller multidimensional matrices, and are more suitable as inputs for a neural network while the large DTMs are necessary to be split into smaller sub-matrices to be used by neural networks. Thus, while the spatial information of pixels in RGB images are important only locally within a single image, for DTM data, they are important locally, within a single sub-matrix processed for neural network, and also globally, in relation to the neighboring sub-matrices. To cope with the two differences, we apply min-max normalization to each input matrix fed to the neural network, and use a slightly modified version of DeepLabv3+ model for semantic segmentation. We show that with the architecture change, and the preprocessing, better results are achieved.
Resumen
La presente investigación trata sobre cómo, ante procesos de vaciamiento o desposesión social y material, lo urbano se (re)organiza de tal manera que genera prácticas, usos y apropiaciones potencialmente subversivas. Se toma como espacio de estudio la plaza Nelson Mandela (antigua Cabestreros) en el barrio de Lavapiés (Madrid, España), dado su carácter paradigmático. El paradigma Comprensivo aporta nuevas perspectivas y vías de acceso al análisis de los procesos socio-espaciales urbanos complejos. La revisión de corrientes contemporáneas construye un marco analítico híbrido entre Bourdieu, el Materialismo Histórico y la reciente Teoría de la Fluidez Social sobre las relaciones generales entre el espacio y lo social. A través de la combinación de la etnografía, la cartografía y el socioanálisis se trata de producir conocimientos situados sobre la dimensión de la vida cotidiana, siempre en conexión con la dimensión macro y meso de los procesos sociales. El análisis revela cómo las organizaciones socio-espaciales emergentes se construyen en diálogo con las dinámicas de reproducción social de un orden cuya estabilidad es precaria, contingente y articulada espacialmente.
Palabras clave
Vida cotidiana, dinámicas de vaciamiento, espacio público, reproducción social, Lavapiés
Abstract
The present research is about how, in the presence of emptying processes or social and material dispossession, the urban (re)organizes in such a way that it generates potentially subversive practices, uses and appropriations. Nelson Mandela Square (former Cabestreros), in Lavapiés (Madrid, Spain) is the analysis’ focus and case study. The Comprehensive paradigm provides new perspectives and accesses to the analysis of complex urban socio-spatial processes. The revision of contemporary theoretical inputs such as Bourdieu, Historical Materialism and the recent Social Fluidity Theory, leads to a hybrid analytical framework. Through the articulation of ethnography, cartography and socioanalysis, the aim is to produce situated knowledge about everyday life dimension, always linked to macro and meso dimensions of social processes. The analysis reveals how the emerging socio-spatial organizations are constructed in dialogue with the dynamics of social reproduction of an order whose stability is precarious, contingent and spatially articulated.
Keywords
Everyday life, emptying dynamics, public space, social reproduction, Lavapiés
Architecture, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
It analyzes the recreational potential of the territory of the Kiev region, which focuses on all types of land on the main intended purpose. The most favorable conditions for recreation are
formed on the lands of recreation, recreation, historical and cultural, natural reserve fund and other environmental protection, forestry purposes, and water resources. The area of land corresponding categories are significantly (3‐5 times) inferior standards adopted in the European Union. The main directions of development of recreational land use for the future are determined.
This paper discusses the increasing interest in the territorial
dimension of rural development in the Global South. Adapting the local
development approach of the 1970s to the changing context of globalization
and to the competitiveness discourse, mainstream development agencies and
scholars currently see territorial development (TD) as an attractive model
for the integration of rural regions into globalization dynamics. However,
territory serves not only conventional mainstream ideologies, but also
post-development thinking. It is shown that territory has turned out to be a
crucial element for social movements in the defense of alternative visions of
modernity and in the constitution of life worlds outside the conventional
development path. The analysis of the meaning development actors give the
term <i>territory</i> and the focus on the purposes for which it is
mobilized allows a variety of possible development paths for the rural South
to be identified, thus going beyond the prevailing modernist vision.
Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Geography (General)
Mercator was a geographer, mathematician, astronomer, globe producer, constructor of scientific instruments, copper engraver, cartographer, surveryor and publisher. The conformal cylindrical projection was named the Mercator projection after him. The normal aspect Mercator projection is especially important in navigation because rhumb lines are mapped as straight lines in that projection. The transverse Mercator projection is used in official cartography of many countries. The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection is in military use (NATO). In addition, Mercator was the first to use the term atlas for a map collection.